Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG
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Navegando Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG por Orientadores "ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Contribuições das sub-bacias para vazão do rio Amazonas e riscos socioambientais associados a eventos hidrológicos extremos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-01) COUTINHO, Eliane de Castro; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020The Amazon Basin is constantly affected by episodes of drought and floods during phenomena such as El Niño and La Niña, in addition to Multidecadal Atlantic Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the South Atlantic Convergence Zone. These extremes precipitation cause severe changes in the flow and precipitation of the rivers of several sub -basins in temporal and spatial scale. In the Pacific Ocean the phenomena of El Niño and La Niña are the main mechanisms of interannual and decadal oscillations, causing extreme hydrometeorological in the Amazon, both temporal and spatial scale. Spatial variations of hydrological regimes of the Amazon tributaries show that during the occurrence of seasonal peak flows in the left margin of the tributaries are offset by the decrease of flow of the tributaries of the right bank . Thus, the length of the left bank of rainfall is behind two months of the rainy season on the right bank. In addition to this variation the hydrometeorological extremes cause environmental, social and economic to the population, especially those with high vulnerability. The objective of this work is to study the hydrometeorological regime and the water balance of the Amazon Basin, determining its role in the return flow of the Amazon River to the Atlantic Ocean, as well as the socioeconomic and environmental risks associated with hydrometeorological events. For this we used monthly and annual data flow and precipitation in the period 1982-2012 (31 years) along the main Amazon river channel and 8 sub-basins, as well as an analysis of social and economic risks was made in municipalities of the Amazon basin. The precipitation trends over the study period were negative, in the southwestern part (Purus) and central (Madeira) of the Amazon Basin, and positive on the east side (Tapajós and Xingu). The Amazon Southwest sub-basins were negative extremes and extreme events (El Niño) throughout the study period. It is concluded that the flow in the channel of the main river in the Amazon basin depends on variations in the tributaries of the right and left bank. Seasonality is influenced in the dry season by the tributaries of the right bank , for matching the negative trend over the period studied , and the rainy season is influenced by the tributaries of the left bank . All these fluviometric variabilities cause risks to the population. Thus, it can be said that the socioeconomic and environmental risk is more dangerous during flood events, particularly in states with smaller spatial scale (Rondônia and Roraima) , and greater vulnerability occurs in states with higher spatial scale (Pará and Amazonas) this can be explained by the lack of public policy.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Variabilidade interanual dos eventos extremos e a sua percepção pela comunidade de Santa Maria de Sirituba - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-13) CÂMARA, Renata Kelen Cardoso; PIMENTEL, Marcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020The perception of extreme events by man interferes in the process of adaptation to the influence of extreme climatic variability. The perception approach constitutes an important tool for the understanding of the forms of relationship between individuals or societies with the environment in which they live. Considering the interference of extreme precipitation in socioeconomic and environmental activities and the relationship in the adaptation process, this study aimed to analyze the perception of riparian communities regarding the impacts of extreme events on their social, economic and environmental activities. The research contemplates the approach of extreme precipitating events in the Santa Maria Rio Sirituba -PA community, located in the eastern region of the Amazon. The study utilized time series of monthly precipitation, surface temperature anomaly of the Niño 3.4 region and the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) North and South Atlantic basin from 01/01/1979 to 12/31/2015; and local subjective aspects through semi-structured questionnaires formulated according to the classification of Marconi and Lakatos (2003) and the proposal by Whyte (1977). The classification of extreme events was categorized by the Quantis technique and related to the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomena both in its positive phase (El Niño) and in the negative phase (La Niña) and the Atlantic Dipole (ADP); the degree of perception was obtained through the method of the hierarchical analysis process. The results of the study indicated that extreme precipitation may be associated with years of ENSO events and ADP patterns, with ENSO events being characterized by the reduction and increase of rainfall in the study area; it was observed that the ADP pattern may favor or disfavor the accumulated rainfall, but its influences are related to the intensity of the ENSO phenomena. In the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), three levels of hierarchy were defined as level 1: Perception, that is, the objective of the hierarchy; level 2 are the decision criteria: leisure (C1), work (C2) and health (C3) and level 3 the determining factors: air temperature (A1), wind (A2), tide (A3) and rain (A4). Through the standard matrix of criteria and local average priorities it was observed that criterion C2 has the highest degree of importance with relative weight (WR) of 48.99%, then the criterion C3 with WR of 45.07% and lastly the criterion C1 with a lower degree of importance with WR of 5.94%. The Global Priority (GP) obtained indicated the alternative A4 with the highest noticeable degree of weather and climate for the rivers with GP of 37.94%, then the alternatives A3, A2 and A1, with GP of 31.41%, 22.86% and 7.79%, respectively. Finally, the results showed that the rivers have a high perception of the impacts of the extreme precipitating events on the socioeconomic and environmental activities, confirmed in the AHP technique the order of importance obtained in the GP. Thus the study is relevant in the process of elaborating adaptation strategies to extreme precipitating events.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Vulnerabilidade ambiental e impacto na produção de sedimentos da bacia hidrográfica do rio Itacaiúnas (BHRI) - Província Mineral de Carajás, Sudeste da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-30) SILVA, Marcio Sousa da; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-0252-808X; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020The development of environmental vulnerability studies in a regional context and in particular in the Amazon requires a huge human, logistical and economic effort, which when incorporated into current technologies for data acquisition and processing (remote and in situ) and publicprivate partnerships, makes such research possible. This framework was what enabled the development of this thesis in the Itacaiúnas River Watershed (IRW), which has around 42.000 km² and is located in the area called “arc of deforestation in the Amazon”. Area of many socioeconomic-environmental conflicts related to the development of the region and its different types of use and occupation of the territory. Within this context, we developed this research whose main objective was to assess how environmental vulnerability relates to the current production of suspended sediments at the IRW. First, the areas of greater or lesser vulnerability were defined and identified, having the year 2019 as a timeframe, through recognized methodologies developed for this type of study in the Amazon region. Using geoprocessing routines in ArcGIS 10.8.1 software, five thematic maps and environmental vulnerability were built (geology, geomorphology, soils, use and occupation and climate) and finally using map algebra the map of BHRI's environmental vulnerability was generated. The results showed that the BHRI is moderately stable/vulnerable in an area of 28,058 km² of extension (68% of the basin), moderately stable in 8,961 km² of extension (with 22% of the basin) and moderately vulnerable in 4,314 km² (10% of the basin). of the basin). In parallel, the study on the production of sediments at the BHRI, was based on data acquired by the hydrometeorological monitoring project by the Instituto Tecnológico Vale – ITV. Monitoring takes place in 16 hydrosedimentological control sections distributed in the six main sub-basins that make up the BHRI, with four annual campaigns (high water levels, rising water levels, falling water levels, low water levels) that took place between 2015 and 2019, and aimed at building and comparing the curves- sediment key and sediment production between these different sub-basins, data already published in the Brazilian Journal of Water Resources (RBRH) in 2021. Finally, seeking to respond to hypothesis of this study, we carried out comparative analyzes of the relationship between the environmental vulnerabilities observed and the production of sediments, identifying and demonstrating which areas, which environmental factors and how much sediment is produced in the different sub-basins of the IRW. The results obtained allowed to get an integrated and compartmentalized view of the vulnerability and production of sediments at the BHRI that confirm that the ongoing legal mineral activities within protected areas of forests do not generate significant impacts on their vulnerability or on their production of sediments. In turn, the activities related to the use and occupation of the territory in nonprotected areas, promoted an intense replacement of the forest by pastures, generating the areas of greater environmental vulnerability and are directly associated with the greater “inputs” of sediments in the IRW.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Vulnerabilidade ambiental e impacto na produção de sedimentos da bacia hidrográfica do rio Itacaiúnas (BHRI): província Mineral de Carajás, sudeste da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-30) SILVA, Marcio Sousa da; SOUZA FILHO, Pedro Walfir Martins e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3282736820907252; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0252-808X; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020The development of environmental vulnerability studies in a regional context and in particular in the Amazon requires a huge human, logistical and economic effort, which when incorporated into current technologies for data acquisition and processing (remote and in situ) and publicprivate partnerships, makes such research possible. This framework was what enabled the development of this thesis in the Itacaiúnas River Watershed (IRW), which has around 42.000 km² and is located in the area called “arc of deforestation in the Amazon”. Area of many socioeconomic-environmental conflicts related to the development of the region and its different types of use and occupation of the territory. Within this context, we developed this research whose main objective was to assess how environmental vulnerability relates to the current production of suspended sediments at the IRW. First, the areas of greater or lesser vulnerability were defined and identified, having the year 2019 as a timeframe, through recognized methodologies developed for this type of study in the Amazon region. Using geoprocessing routines in ArcGIS 10.8.1 software, five thematic maps and environmental vulnerability were built (geology, geomorphology, soils, use and occupation and climate) and finally using map algebra the map of BHRI's environmental vulnerability was generated. The results showed that the BHRI is moderately stable/vulnerable in an area of 28,058 km² of extension (68% of the basin), moderately stable in 8,961 km² of extension (with 22% of the basin) and moderately vulnerable in 4,314 km² (10% of the basin). of the basin). In parallel, the study on the production of sediments at the BHRI, was based on data acquired by the hydrometeorological monitoring project by the Instituto Tecnológico Vale – ITV. Monitoring takes place in 16 hydrosedimentological control sections distributed in the six main sub-basins that make up the BHRI, with four annual campaigns (high water levels, rising water levels, falling water levels, low water levels) that took place between 2015 and 2019, and aimed at building and comparing the curves- sediment key and sediment production between these different sub-basins, data already published in the Brazilian Journal of Water Resources (RBRH) in 2021. Finally, seeking to respond to hypothesis of this study, we carried out comparative analyzes of the relationship between the environmental vulnerabilities observed and the production of sediments, identifying and demonstrating which areas, which environmental factors and how much sediment is produced in the different sub-basins of the IRW. The results obtained allowed to get an integrated and compartmentalized view of the vulnerability and production of sediments at the BHRI that confirm that the ongoing legal mineral activities within protected areas of forests do not generate significant impacts on their vulnerability or on their production of sediments. In turn, the activities related to the use and occupation of the territory in non protected areas, promoted an intense replacement of the forest by pastures, generating the areas of greater environmental vulnerability and are directly associated with the greater “inputs” of sediments in the IRW.