Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9341
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Navegando Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG por Orientadores "SANTOS JÚNIOR, Roberto Araújo de Oliveira"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Lago Grande do Curuai: história fundiária, usos da terra e relações de poder numa área de transição várzea-terra firme na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-12-07) FOLHES, Ricardo Theophilo; TOURNEAU, François-Michel Le; SANTOS JÚNIOR, Roberto Araújo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9355107718329833The aim of this study is to understand the role of the social and environmental order influenced the peopling, land appropriation and the seasonal use of natural resources between floodplains (várzea) and firm land (terra firme) ecosystems in the Brazilian Amazon. I follow an historical and ethnographical approach to examine how social practices and the local power relations influenced the interrelated dynamic between social life and water movements (floods and droughts). The study area is Lago Grande, located in the city of Santarem, Pará State bordering the towns of Óbidos and Juruti. The main question is to investigate if power relations among social groups established and inherited during the colonial living in Lago Grande region are still operating in current times, and how this situation affects the control of transhumance between várzea and terra firme ecosystems. I conclude that the Amazon floodplains are still controlled by local elites, represented by land and livestock owners. The local elite established their socio-political power during colonial times, dominating an increasing process of entering from várzea to terra firme areas (i.e. deforestation). Since 1950, the main economical activity responsible for the expansion of land use from várzea to terra firme was cattle raising through transhumance between both ecosystems. Transumance has received a specific attention in this study, for it is among the main factors encouraging the circulation of local population between várzea and terra firme environments. From 1970‘s, large farmers started the transhumance which was later followed by smaller farmers, and intensified through the 1990‘s. Cattle ranching builds on three local practices which promote transhumance: ―societies‖, ―permissions‖ and land rentals (arrendamentos). A joint analysis allowed me to demonstrate that ―societies‖ between large and small farmers sustain the cattle ranching growth. In 2005, an Agro-extractivist Settlement was created (PAE Lago Grande) to favor land distribution and better economical opportunities among local populations. Though, the territorial unit included terra firme but not the areas of the várzea ecosystem, vital for the local economy part of the year. Additionally, the PAE also did not alter the land tenure, keeping the same historically constructed power structures it aimed to deconstruct.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Objetivos do milênio (ODM) no Estado do Pará: houve avanços, retrocessos e estagnações?(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-28) CARDOSO, Andreza Soares; SANTOS JÚNIOR, Roberto Araújo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9355107718329833The main and fundamental starting point for getting carried away by the reflections of this doctoral thesis is to want to understand the origin of environmental discussions and how the multidisciplinary tools left by them, reflected in the various social, economic and environmental spheres. And beyond, learn from the lessons left fifteen years after the launch of a global agenda, the Millennium Goals, for a local reality. The research problem is ruled in the State of Pará, which the model of economic development historically dominant in the state has not managed to lift a significant part of the population out of poverty. Therefore, Pará's challenges go far beyond forest conservation. The general objective is to carry out an interdisciplinary analysis of the State of Pará, for the period from 1990 to 2015, based on the Millennium Goals (MDGs) and to understand the influences and forces acting in the State to reach or not the sustainability goals proposals. To assess the MDGs in Pará, 7 objectives with 17 indicators were analyzed. The results presented here show that poverty and serious health problems such as malaria and tuberculosis persist in the region. Women have little participation in politics and are disadvantaged in the labor market. Maternal deaths remain high and the population's access to basic sanitation is insufficient. On the other hand, access to education has increased, women have equal education and child mortality has fallen, the number of protected areas in the region has increased significantly, deforestation has been falling over the years, but remains high. On the understanding of the factors and acting forces that influenced the achievement of the MDGs for the state, the results corroborate the cited literature. It is recognized that the problems, in one way or another, are transversal, include technical, social, economic and political components and none of them is separable from the others. Despite important advances in most of the objectives, it is necessary to understand that the historical moment in socio-environmental issues and the ways in which sustainability measurement tools are understood and applied directly influence the state scenario. It is concluded that the global agenda presented in this paper introduces the need for a correlation between planning, management and governance mechanisms. However, the effort made by the social segments involved was successful, despite all the limitations.