Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG
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Navegando Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG por Orientadores "SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aspectos geoambientais e climáticos da sub-bacia do rio Guamá no Nordeste Paraense.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-15) BARBOSA, Ivan Carlos da Costa; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318The sub-basin of the Guamá River (SBGR) is located in the Mesoregion of the Northeast more specifically in the microregion of Guamá, covers 12 municipalities and has presented a relevant economic and social growth. The Guamá River has economic, social and cultural importance for the municipalities of the region, because for it converge all drainage network composed of small tributaries and large tributaries inserted. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the integration of climate, environmental and water variables with the current transformations of land use and occupation in the area of the sub-basin of the Guamá River, in northeastern Pará. Initially, the estimates of precipitation derived from satellites (remote sensing) for the SBGR area were evaluated and the observations provided by the National Water Agency were compared. Then were mapped and evaluated the different uses and land occupations in the SBGR in order to establish environmental vulnerability from the relationship of physical and biotic elements and their ecodynamics. Finally, the dynamics of physical and chemical parameters of the surface water of the Guamá River were evaluated as a function of seasonal and spatial variability. It was concluded that the data provided by remote databases overestimated by 12% and 13% (CHIRPS and GPCC, respectively) the data observed by pluviometers. However, despite the overestimation of rainfall, it was possible to obtain reliable and satisfactory data from the databases by remote sensing. As for land use and occupation, there was a higher amount of area (57%) characterized as exposed soil and ground vegetation, and a lower amount of area (42%) characterized as dense or secondary vegetation cover. Thus, it was noted the occurrence of areas with high environmental vulnerability (northern portion represented by the urban centers of cities like Ourém and São Miguel do Guamá) and very high (southern portion) as a result of land use and occupation associated with anthropic activities. The areas classified as low or very low vulnerability (central and southern portion), less vulnerable to environmental degradation, were associated with the presence of vegetation cover composed of primary and secondary forest, and less human presence. As for the hydrochemical variables of the surface water of the Guamá River, high spatial heterogeneity was observed along the 12 sampling points, the existence of upward and downward trends in the upstream to downstream direction and the influence of the seasonality of the region. Finally, it is a priority that the results of this research promote benefits to the population of the various localities visited and serve as a guiding instrument for public policies aimed at the conservation of natural resources.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmica da ocupação da terra e sua influência na suscetibilidade à erosão em Salinópolis - PA, Brasil.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-31) ROSA, Amanda Gama; ANDRADE, Milena Marília Nogueira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1930321094483005; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-7321; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318The socio-spatial configuration of a region is defined by the interests of individuals in the search for space and exploitation of resources, being determinants in the dynamics and established occupation patterns. Occupation, when associated with planning deficiency, occurs in a disorderly manner, generating impacts both on the environment, on the population and on the economy. In coastal areas, as in the municipality of Salinopolis-PA, these impacts gain a large proportion, like erosion processes, given the fragility of these environments. In the face of this context, this study aims to evaluate the dynamics of land occupation in the municipality of Salinópolis, based on the study of land cover and influential factors, and apply them to assess the susceptibility to erosion on the coast of Atalaia Island. For this, we sought to: a) analyze the spatio-temporal pattern of land occupation for the years 2010, 2014 and 2018, in the coastal and urban areas of Salinópolis; b) identify the factors that influence the dynamics of occupation in the municipality, using the Pressure-State-Impact-Response (PEIR) model; and, finally, c) analyze the susceptibility of erosive processes on the coastline of Atalaia Island based on spatial analysis of land occupation, topography and geoindicators, in order to generate susceptibility mapping. The spatial analysis showed excellent classification quality, with Global Accuracy index of 0.86 and Kappa index of 0.83, showing reductions in areas of dense, non-dense vegetation and dunes, and an increase in the urbanized area, mainly on Atalaia Island and towards the continent. The areas of water and beach strip showed dynamics marked by coastal factors. The main factors that influenced the observed occupancy patterns were: distance to the sea; distance to the PA-444 and PA-124 highways; road mesh density; distance to areas of greater real estate speculation; degree of implementation of projects; distance to consolidated urban patches; distance to areas of less real estate speculation; and distance to the center. The study area was classified as Low, Medium and High Susceptibility to coastal erosion. The results indicated a high susceptibility to erosion in the central region of the island, involving part of the Atalaia and Farol Velho beaches, where there is intense urbanization on the coastline combined with slopes greater than 15%, with evidence of active erosion. The low susceptibility class was predominant in the east of the island, in low slope areas, mostly below 5%, and with developed and stable dune fields. The areas of medium susceptibility were distributed in the transition between the low and high classes, presenting intermediate characteristics of slope and occupation, with the presence of partially altered and discontinuous dunes. In addition, it was possible to indicate areas with potential risk of increased susceptibility to erosion, in high-slope sectors where urbanization is close. The results of this study allow the private sector and the population in general to have one more tool for territorial and environmental management, allowing decision-making, which can mitigate or avoid the impacts that occur today on the coast of the municipality of Salinopolis.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Impactos do uso e cobertura do solo no regime hidrológico da bacia hidrográfica do rio Apeú/PA.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-17) SANTOS, Joyse Tatiane Souza dos; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884The preservation of a river basin is a key process to guarantee the functioning of the system that involves the hydrological cycle, whose fundamental element is water. The general objective of this work was to analyze the distribution of water, based on the flow dynamics and to verify the behavior of the different hydrological processes in the different conditions of use and soil cover. The study was developed in the watershed of the Apeú river, located in northeastern Para, is a complex basin, which is inserted in both rural and urban environments, and which suffers constant anthropic interventions. The Soil and Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was applied, using climatic data from a meteorological station, belonging to the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), and geocartographic data from institutions such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) National Institute of Space Research (INPE) and the Brazilian Agricultural Research Company (EMBRAPA). It was also discussed the applicability of the SWAT model as a complementary tool in the management of water resources, motivated by the search for alternative knowledge of the processes occurring in the Apeú river basin. It was also sought to spatially evaluate the distribution of water in the basin, through the simulation of water production (WYLD) generated by the SWAT model, during the period from August 2007 to August 2018, a simulation of scenarios with different use and occupation of the soil, of the basin under study, and these were compared with the current scenario (TerraClass 2014). With the results it can be affirmed that the SWAT model is a help in the generation of information in basins that do not have monitoring, being possible through it, to identify the amount of WYLD, as a function of the difference of water entering the system (precipitation) in relation to their losses (evapotranspiration, among others). In order to obtain better planning of the water resources in the basin under analysis. By verifying that the WYLD is closely linked with the dynamics of the land uses and occupations and the morphometry of the Apeú river basin and not only the seasonality of precipitation in the region, then as a strategy to minimize environmental impacts an information booklet was proposed focused on environmental issues with the aim of informing the community about the importance of conserving the Apeú river and with this to obtain benefits and quality of life.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Relação entre o clima, a densidade de mosquitos em floresta e a distribuição de endemias na Amazônia Oriental.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-15) SILVA, Rommel Benicio Costa da; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318The climate in the Amazon has been changing, mainly due to human activities causing the proliferation of insects, responsible for the spread of diseases, is influenced by the behavior atmospheric variables. The Caxiuanã National Forest, which is a conservation unit (CU) that presents between 80% and 85% of upland primary forest, having high diversity and species richness. In this context, this study aims to understand the influence of climate change on the density of mosquitoes and on the spread of endemics in the forest region and its surroundings in the Eastern Amazon. For that, climatic data obtained from BDMET / INMET (1978 to 2017) and at the LBA Tower installed at the Ferreira Pena Scientific Station (ECFPn) were used, Pacífic (IOS) and Atlantic (MMA) climatic indexes on the NOAA website and morbidity data on the SAGE/MS website. The results show statistics compiled between climate, Malaria (MAL), dengue (DNG) and American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) that affect the region during the period from 2001 to 2017. The climatic variability shows an increase (per decade) in its levels, with a reduction in the humidity indexes of the air, showing that changes in land use and cover denote changes in the climate, with greater influence of the Pacific indicator over the region's rains. The statistical correlations between climate variability showed a non-linear correlation both with the density of mosquitoes and with endemics. The eigenvectors indicate that the variables that most influenced endemic diseases were air temperature and rain. In view of this scenario, we conclude that the region showed significant variation in climatic indices, contributing to increases in the average air temperature indices in primary forests, causing a significant increase in the density of vector mosquitoes, tending to increase the number of morbidities in the region.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Simulação da resposta hidrológica à mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra em uma bacia hidrográfica no leste da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10-05) FERREIRA JÚNIOR, Pedro Pereira; SOLER, Luciana de Sousa; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884The loss of vegetation in the Amazon has been occurring for some decades and the growth of annual deforestation rates is noticeable. The agricultural expansion is indicated as a new agent in this dynamic by the overthrow of the vegetation for the cattle raising and later implantation of mechanized agriculture. This work explored the potential relationships between hydrological variability and landscape organization in the Uraim River Basin at Northeast of Pará. The possible effects of land use and land cover changes effect on streamflow were investigated from Soil hydrological modeling and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) combined with the projections of future scenarios generated by the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Region Extent (CLUE-S), the SWAT efficiency was also evaluated in simulating the monthly streamflow when fed by evapotranspiration (ET) of the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). The results showed the skill of SEBAL to estimate ET under different land use and land cover identified in the watershed. The algorithm presented overestimations, but good precision with the values measured in the field, having greater accuracy in the dry season and using average eight days MODIS images. The SWAT model streamflow simulations were better when ET estimated by SEBAL were applied, which were confirmed by reduction in absolute and relative errors and by the efficient calibration of the most sensitive parameters. The modeling was considered from good to very good according to the NSE, RSR and PBIAS coefficients found. Almost all the variables used in CLUE-S modeling forced land use and land cover changes, mainly biophysical parameters. The projected scenarios indicate agricultural expansion for the northwestern sector of the watershed and greater concentration in the southwest portion. Agricultural areas will increase its by 93.2 km2, corresponding to 13.4% of watershed until 2034, which indicate to a reduction of 34.4% in the streamflow to dry season and an increase of 38.6% in the rainy season. The results suggest that climate change may have played a more pronounced role in the hydrological pattern than the very land use and land cover change projected by CLUE-S. It is intended, therefore, to provide subsidies for environmental monitoring, informing about necessary interventions, targeting the decision-making regarding the sustainable use of water resources.