Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9341

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Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 5

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índices de desenvolvimento sustentável aplicados à Amazônia Legal como subsídios a políticas de combate ao desmatamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-30) VALE, Francinelli de Angeli Francisco do; VIERA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The history of land use and occupation in the Legal Amazon, intensive deforestation in the Deforestation Arc region and the current great concern with sustainable development has led to the adoption of measures that assess current levels of sustainability at local and regional scales. Besides, such actions can verify historically the relationship of these levels with the adopted public policies that advocate social, economic, institutional and environmental changes. The use of sustainability indicators has been envisioned as an instrument that contributes to making the concept of sustainability more objective, while at the same time it has been useful for the planning, monitoring and evaluation stages of public policies in several areas. In this work, three different methodologies were adopted, the Sustainable Development Index (IDS), Sustainability Barometer (BS) and the new Municipal Index to Combat Deforestation (IMCD). All information had the objective to analyze the sustainability level of the states of Amazônia Legal and the priority and monitored municipalities of the state of Pará. This study focused on the actions of the federal plan (Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in Amazonia - PPCDAm) and the state policy to curb deforestation through the Green Municipalities Program. The results indicate that only the state of Roraima was classified with acceptable performance of the IDS, while Maranhão presented critical level and the other states remained in the alert range; for the municipalities according to BS, only Altamira and Novo Progresso remained in the intermediate sustainability class for the two years analyzed, but there was progress in the deforestation control, comparing the year 2000 to 2010. Regarding the IMCD, Paragominas stands out with high value and the only one to fulfill all the goals of the PMV and PPCDAm, while Concordia do Pará, Garrafão do Norte and Aurora do Pará performed critically and were not effective in incorporating environmental management instruments to control deforestation. The tools used were useful and easy to use for the evaluation of sustainability. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of analysis be developed regularly so that the performance of the states and municipalities of the legal Amazon can be monitored.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças climáticas e a resiliência da floresta amazônica ao longo do tempo e espaço
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-01) ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8809787145146228; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The climate is changing fast, and we still do not know for sure what the consequences will be and the magnitude of the changes in the Earth's most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystem, the Amazon rainforest. To overcome such a scientific limitation, here we conceive and execute a four-fold innovative methodological structure, with the necessary interdisciplinary theoretical robustness. Such methods are capable of (1) measuring, and mapping ecosystem resilience at large scales; (2) assess the intrinsic vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change; (3) predict catastrophic transition events between the Amazon rainforest and savannas; and (4) to analyze the effects of past climate change in a quantitative and qualitative way on the ecosystems of the Amazon Basin. Our results show that forest is intrinsically more vulnerable to climate change in the near future than other terrestrial ecosystems. Also, there is highly probable chance that ongoing climate changes will suddenly trigger catastrophic transitional events to other stable states with lower plant cover density. Our findings indicate that such transitional regimes were frequent due to the climatic oscillations of the past over the last 22,000 years. Indeed, these paleobiogeographic events contributed to the ecological and evolutionary structuring of the Amazonian biota as we know it today. However, today's anthropogenic forcing, characterized by large-scale and high rates of transformations, has a disproportionate weight in the historical balance and may lead, in the near future, to an event of massive extinction of Amazonian biodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças paleoecológicas nos últimos seis mil anos na região costeira do Nordeste paraense: reconstruindo o Sambaqui Porto da Mina pela integração de dados ambientais (Quatipuru, Brasil).
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-14) MACHADO, Sauri Moreira.; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The Porto da Mina shellmound is an archaeological site located in Quatipuru, Pará State, which shows records of continuous occupation and abundant zoological material dating back to approximately 5,280 years BP. This work aimed to reconstruct the existing environment during the establishment of this shellmound. For this, bio-anthracological profiles were elaborated, with sediment samples and zoological material collection. The research had a multidisciplinary character, including geological, chemical (X-ray diffraction and fluorescence), biological and isotopic (δ13C, δ15N and δ18O) analyzes. Ecological, climate and land use simulation modeling were also performed. The results showed that the archaeological site consists of silt and clay granulometry containing predominance of quartz, hematite, kaolinite and calcite. These constituents corroborated the shellmound presence in the study area, which was also evidenced by the presence of carbonate invertebrate fossils such as oysters, cockles, mussels and crabs. In addition, temperature variations of around 10 °C were recorded, which although high, was not a sudden climate change for the Holocene. Analysis of the land use and land cover changes evolution suggests that regardless of the increasing and continuous land use, the rate of deforestation is considered relatively low for the Porto da Mina shellmound’s area. Therefore, it is argued that anthropogenic deforestation in the surrounding region of the site did not play a significant role in climate change occurring during site activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Níveis de resiliência ecológica de quelônios continentais da Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-23) GUIMARÃES, Lívia Isadora de Almeida; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-8590-2462; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
Continental chelonians, especially the Amazonian ones, are among the groups which most demand new researches and integrated studies, whether in the systematic or ecological scope, whose knowledge helps in their preservation, as well as ecosystem and environmental services performed. Therefore, the present work aims to analyze the levels of climate resilience of continental species in the Legal Amazon, via correlation/interdisciplinarity between climate models and anthropogenic pressure with geochemical proxies, more specifically isotopes of carbon and nitrogen, with results that enable interpretations more precise information on climatic and isotopic refuges (isoscapes), as well as additional information related to trophic chains. Until then, climate models were developed, with simulations referring to Representative Concentration Pathways (or RCPs) and Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (or SSPs) for ten chelonian species, given their sufficient number of recorded observations and coordinates: Chelus fimbriata; Mesoclemmys gibba; Phrynops geoffroanus; Platemys platycephala; Podocnemis expands; Podocnemis unifilis; Rhinoclemmys punctularia; Kinosternon scorpioides, Chelonioidis carbonaria and Chelonoidis denticulata. Such coordinates were intercrossed with four environmental variables from the Worldclim digital platform, selected according level of influence on the species distribution, reported in the literature, as well as reduced inter-correlation. These procedures were performed by Rstudio software, through the Biomod2 package, which reunites a set of algorithms whose mathematics allowed the development of rasters, with informations of climatic suitability inherent to each species. So far, P. expansa, P. unifilis and, above all, Ch. denticulata, are considered the most threatened of population reduction, while Ph. geoffroannus and K. scorpioides projections have shown less climate vulnerability. This parameter tends to be maintained in future circumstances, even with anthropogenic interference. The other species also present certain levels of vulnerability, which are more limited when compared to Ch. denticulata e P. unifilis levels. Confrontation of projections with isotopic signatures from nitrogen and carbon, collected from bone tissues of specimens deposited at the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Amazônicas (INPA, Manaus/AM) and Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG, Belém /PA). with climate models and anthropogenic influence, tend to reinforce politics to preserve species and their niches, as a strategy to maintain regional biodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Políticas públicas e a configuração do bioma Amazônia no antropoceno: uma análise do desmatamento em múltiplas escalas de espaço e tempo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-10-13) COELHO, Andréa dos Santos; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986

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