Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal - PPGCAN/Castanhal
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2335
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) é um programa do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). O Programa iniciou o nível de Mestrado em 1999 junto à CAPES/MEC, tendo aprovação de sua proposta de Doutorado junto à agência em 2008, com início da primeira turma em 2009, o que certamente contribuirá à formação de massa crítica regional.Se caracteriza por apresentar um conjunto de disciplinas que repassam aos alunos um embasamento teórico e prático, capacitando os mesmos a aplicarem os conhecimentos adquiridos no avanço regional da produção animal. Direcionando as linhas de pesquisa do curso à nutrição, biotecnologia, pastagens, conservação de recursos genéticos, reprodução, sanidade animal, bovinocultura, bubalinocultura, animais silvestres, ecologia aquática e aquicultura.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação de sistema silvipastoril através do desempenho produtivo de búfalos manejados nas condições climáticas de Belém, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-03) CASTRO, Anderson Corrêa; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544A development was lead to study the relations between productive, physiological variable and of animal comfort of buffalos and factors of the physical environment, in silvipastoril system, involving african mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) and indian nim (Azadirachta indica) and intensive rotation grazing of Cynodon nlemfuensis, in the period of may of 2003 the november of 2004, in the Unit of Animal Research "Senator Alvaro Adolpho", Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem, Para state, in the climatic type Afi, with the rainier of december to may and less rainy time, of june to november. The area of experimental pasture, 5,4 ha, is divided in six plots, with animal permanence of five days and 25 days of rest. Had been used 26 buffaloes Murrah race, no castrated, with age between 231 and 303 days. Descriptive analysis of the experimental data was effected, for attainment of averages, shunting line standard, minimum and maximum values, correlations and variances, considering weight gain, availability and chemical composition of the pasture, physiological variable of the animals, climatic variable, development of the forest essences, Comfortal Index (CI) and Temperature – humidity Index (THI). Excellent performance of the experimental animals was observed, with 0.911 average gain of kg/day and 510 kg of final alive weight. In the periods more and less rainy, the availability, the crude protein levels of stem, leaf and entire plant and the digestibility "in vitro" of the dry and the organic matter of the pasture had been satisfactory, taking care of the minimum necessities for maintenance and detached productive performance. Occurred interferences of the meteorological variable in the cardiac beatings, respiratory frequency, rectal temperature and ruminal movement of the animals. The CI exceeded the critical level, mainly in the period less rainy, as well as the THI levels had been raised, supplanting considered of emergency, indicating the necessity of practical of manipulation of the physical environment to raise the animal performance. The development of the forest essences already supplies better ambience to the animals, in function of the shade, which contributes for the reduction of thermal stress and promotes better performance productive of the buffalos.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação nutricional da torta de dendê para suplementação de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) COSTA, Dayana Alves da; CAMARÃO, Ari Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1649891765946593; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544The study was carried out at the Eastern Amazon Research Center of Embrapa, in Belem, Para State, Brazil (1º28'S 48º27'W of Greenwich), with the objective of evaluate the influence of the addition of the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis) as alternative feed supplementation of ruminants, in the critical periods of forage production of in the Amazon Eastern. The nutritional characteristics of palm kernel cake was determined during twenty one days, using sixteen sheep, in individual metabolic cage, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four replications. The experimental rations (T1, T2, T3 and T4) contained Brachiaria humidicola and palm kernel cake, at four levels (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The consumption of dry matter (g/day) and % of live weight were 666.6 and 2.5; 686.9 and 2.4; 649.4 and 2.4; e 540.9 and 2.0, of organic matter 706.5; 710.8; 708.1 and 632.3 g/day, and of crude protein 37.3; 42.9; 58.7 and 56.4 g/day. The fiber in neutral detergent consumption in g/day, were 584.7; 583.5; 565.2 and 527.0. The coefficients of digestibility were 50.3; 47.8; 52.3; and 55.2%, in dry matter basis, and 50.8; 49.6; 53.5; and 56.3%, in organic matter basis, and the crude protein contents were 48.0; 38.7; 66.8; 69.4%, in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The palm kernel cake shows good feeding potential, with high dry matter and good nutritional value, being considered as an alternative for feeding supplementation for ruminants, mainly at the level of 30%, and allows greater consumption and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, with adequate supplement of energy.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Cadeia produtiva da bovinocultura leiteira no município de Tailândia, estado do Pará: sistemas de produção e tecnologia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) NERES, Lilaine de Sousa; SENA, Ana Laura dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6603890343726711; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544This dissertation aims to characterize the productive chain of dairy cattle in the municipality of Thailand, Pará, Mesoregion Northeast Pará. Were evaluated secondary data on government and institutional sites, and primary data through interviews with producers, community leaders and experts from public institutions. The milk production chain suffered changes due to changes in the local economy, characterized by pressure on environmental enforcement and introduction of new crops. The median age of producers was 52.5 years, with low educational level and performance in the business for over ten years. Milk production is the main income-generating activity, among other rural and urban character. The properties using traditional system with reduced use of forages and supplemental feeding. As health measures, there is compliance on the implementation of FMD vaccine, under control and supervision of the Agricultural Protection Agency of Pará, as well as prevention against parasites and worms, however, there is no control and reproductive planning. Milking is done manually in a covered corral, once a day, and only 34.7% of the properties have piped water on site to hygiene of food handlers, utensils and animals. Because of the suspension of activities of the municipal dairythe production milk and dairy products is piped to the informal trade, which configures a public health problem. The properties had a high technological level, reflecting in animal productivity, with an overall average of just 4.59 liters / cow / day. In this context, it is important that public policies promote sustainable production systems through technology transfer, the development of production of dairy products, with certification of quality and food safety, bearing in mind the preservation of social, economic cultural and of family farmers.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Cadeia produtiva da pecuária de corte do município de Tailândia, estado do Pará: estrutura e caracterização sanitária dos abates(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) NORONHA, Gerlane Nunes; CASSEB, Alexandre do Rosário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6525374874057337; PEREIRA, Washington Luiz Assunção; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9266281009742277; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544This work aims to characterize the productive chain of beef cattle in the town of Tailândia, Pará, Mesoregion Northeast Pará, in order to identify the state of the art and emphasize the slaughter stage and prevalence of economic losses carcasses of convictions and cattle organs and confirmation by microbiological analysis of lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis. For evaluations, secondary data on government and institutional sites, primary data through interviews with producers, cold slaughterhouse owner, community leaders and experts from public entities were used. In second phase, primary data through spreadsheets slaughtering records and convictions of carcasses and viscera were evaluated, from March 2010 to October 2014 and found that bovine tuberculosis was one of the highest conviction pathologies (2.98%) and generating greater economic loss (71.48%). Given these results, we sought confirmation by histopathological analysis and polymerase chain reaction - PCR in order to characterize the lesions and identify the presence of Mycobacterium bovis. The histopathology showed that only 1.96% of the samples corresponded to the inflammatory process characteristic of tuberculosis and 4.25% with amplification profile for the species of M. bovis. The results of this study allow us to conclude that there is need to use complementary methods to improve diagnostic of bovine tuberculosis in slaughterhouses to increase the epidemiological disease control, streamline the inspection service and reduce economic losses generated, which will make the strongest production chain.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Cinética de fermentação e parâmetros ruminais de animais alimentados com dietas contendo níveis de inclusão de torta da amêndoa de castanha-do-pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-25) BUDEL, Juliana Cristina de Castro; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; SOUSA, Luciano Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4653514398045610; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544The fermentation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) brazil’s nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) - (BN) were evaluated in the proportions 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60 and 100% dry matter in substitution of corn silage (CS) by in vitro gas production in the times 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The experimental design for the gas production was in randomized blocks with six treatments, three blocks and two repetitions per block. To estimate of ruminal kinetics fermentation parameters of each treatment, the model of France et al. (1993) was fitted to the data. In in vivo experiment, we evaluated the ruminal parameters of sheep fed 0, 15, 30 and 45% (MS) TAC, and corn silage. The rumen fluid collections to determine the concentration of SCFA, pH and N-NH3 were held at 08h00, before the diet supply, and at 10h00, 12h00, 14h00, 16h00 and 18h00, post-prandial. The design was completely randomized with repeated measures, with four treatments and three replications. The variables results: acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate: propionate ratio, pH and NH3 were subjected to analysis of variance and regression (linear and quadratic) considering treatment time and the interaction of both. We used the F test, with significance level of 5% (P<0.05). The standard kinetic fermentation and ED was declining linear (P<0.05), reducing total gas production at each level of coproduct addition. There was no significant interaction between treatment vs time for all SCFA variables (P>0.40), acetic acid (P>0.41), propionic (P>0.85), butyric acid (P>0.62) and pH (P>0.57). There was also effect on the total concentration of SCFA (P>0.75) nor in acetic acid (P>0.07) among the treatments. The concentration of propionic and butyric acids mMol/100ml of ruminal fluid reduced (P<0.001) (p<0.022) with the addition of 45% DM TAC. The highest concentrations in the measurement times were observed 4 hours after feeding. The pH values showed a quadratic effect both inclusion (P<0.001) and time (P<0.001). There was interaction (P <0.001) between treatment vs time NH3-N (mg/ml) concentration and the ratio of acetic: propionic acid (P<0.014). It is recommended the use of the TAC, at levels equal to or less than 30%, combined with different carbohydrate sources.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Consumo e digestibilidade de silagem de sorgo (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) como alternativa para alimentação suplementar de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) SIMON, Jaime Édson; CAMARÃO, Ari Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1649891765946593; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544This work was realized through in the Embrapa Amazon Eastern, in Belem, Para State, Brazil (1º28´S 48º27´W de Greenwich) to evaluate the effect of four levels (0%, 15%, 30% and 45%) of concentrate, with by-products of the regional agroindustry, in substitution to the ensilage of sorghum, in the voluntary consumption and apparent digestibility of the dry matter, crude protein, crude energy, fiber in neutral detergent and fiber in acid detergent. A metabolic test was realized in fourteen days of adaptation and seven days of experimental period, using sixteen ovines, of five months and 23 kg of live weight, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four repetitions. The data was analyze by software SAS. The concentrated inclusion of in the diet influenced the voluntary consumption and the apparent digestibility of all nutrients, being described for quadratic function. One evidenced a quadratic increase in the apparent consumption’s of the dry matter and organic matter. However, had been observed, with increase of the concentrated level of in the ration, significant reductions in contents of fiber in neutral detergent and fiber in acid detergent. The concentrated percentage of 30% to 45% of in the diet ration to better consumption’s and digestibility of the nutrients, except of fiber in neutral detergent and fiber in acid detergent. The concentrated use in the ensilage of sorghum, provides to better availability of dry matter in the fodder plant and rise of the nutritional value of the ration, is capable to promote increase of the animal productivity.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo, em ovinos sob dieta com níveis de inclusão de farelo de dendê (Elaeis guineenses)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) PINHO, Bianca Damasceno; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of palm kernel meal (Elais guineensis) - PKM, at levels of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% in total dry matter of the diet in place of corn silage on voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility and intake behavior in sheep. 20 females were used, with an average of 35 kg, kept in individual metabolic cages that received the diet in two meals, 8h and 17h, distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments and four replications. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem, Para State, Brazil, for 30 days, of which 21 adaptation and facilities, five days of data collection for determination of intake and digestibility of nutrients, and four days of evaluation of behavior pet chewing. Increased linearly (P> 0.05) were observed in the intakes of all nutrients except EE and NFC, which had no effect (P> 0.05), depending on the levels of PKM in the diet.. A quadratic effect (P <0.05) on the apparent digestibility values, with maximum levels of 31% to 40.4% inclusion of PKM in the diet, except for the digestibility of EE (EEDC) and digestibility of NFC (CDCNF), which had no effect (P> 0.05). The animals reduced feeding time and increased the time fired in idleness, with a maximum of 14 hours / day, with the inclusion of 37.62% of PKM. The number of ruminated boli per day were not affected by dietary levels of PKM, while rumination time for cake quadractricaly, with a minimum value of 44.37/second, at the level of 35.19% of PKM. The number of chews (NMM) quadractricaly, with estimated minimum values of 51.16 MM / MM cake and 32,002.44 / day, respectively, 33.68% and 35.06% inclusion by product. The dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were influenced by dietary levels of PKM, which caused changes in feeding efficiency and rumination (eg MS g NDF / hour) and rumination (eg MS g NDF/cake). The inclusion of PKM increases the consumption of the diet DM, improved eating behavior, their use is recommended until the level of 40% in the diet, which does not compromise nutrient digestibility.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Consumo, digestibilidade, balanço de nitrogênio e composição bromatológica da torta de murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru Mart.), na alimentação de ruminantes(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-02-10) MENEZES, Bruno Peres de; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9647377426235964; ANDRADE, Stefano Juliano Tavares de; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544We assessed the pie murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru var. murumuru, Mart.), from processing kernels after oil extraction by the cosmetic industry, the effects of the substitution levels of 0%, 10%, 20%, 40% and 60% in the basic diet of Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça) on intake and digestibility of dry matter (CDDM), organic matter (CDOM), ether extract (CDEE), crude protein (CDCP), fiber neutral detergent (CDFND), fiber acid detergent (CDFDA), cellulose (CDCEL) and hemicellulose (CDHCEL) and nitrogen balance. Metabolism trial was conducted with 20 castrated sheep, live weight of 24 kg, distributed in five treatments and four replications in a completely randomized design. Adaptation period was 21 days with five days of data collection of diet and refusals, feces and urine. The CMS, CMO, EEC, CCP, FND, CFDA, CHCEL, CLIG showed a quadratic effect as a function of the substitution with pie in the diet. The CDDM, and CDCP CDMO showed no significant effects. The CDEE with optimal replacement level 56,64% and 88,62% maximum digestibility, CDFND with optimal replacement level 42,45% and 68,25% maximum digestibility, CDFDA with optimal replacement level of 31,63% and maximum digestibility of 66,80%, CDCEL with optimal replacement level 27,45% and 72,21% maximum digestibility showed a quadratic effect due to substitution murumuru pie. Nitrogen balance had no significant effect of inclusion in the grass of 0% to 60% of pie. It is concluded that the pie murumuru (Astrocaryum murumuru var.Murumuru Mart.), Has as its main limitation is the low dietary intake and digestibility, in addition to impossibility of its use as a concentrate exclusively on the diet of sheep showing up as an alternative food for up to 20% replacement in diets.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Crescimento e produção de pirarucu, Arapaima gigas, sob diferentes densidades de estocagem em associação com búfalas leiteiras(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-10) IMBIRIBA, Emir Palmeira; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544With the objective of evaluating four stock densities of pirarucu (Arapaima gigas) and to identify the one that provides the best productive performance, in length and weight gain to make possible its intensive culture, a research was carried out, during 360 days. using the densities of 5, 10, 15 and 20 fishes per 100 m2 of inundate area. Live tilapias (Tilapia nilotica), captured in a dam used for milk buffaloes management, equivalent to 6% of the pirarucu live weight, were used during four days per week. The design was completely randomized with four treatments and two replications. The data were analyzed on the basis of the application of the exponential model of growth. Mathematical expressions were obtained for each stockage density. Simple linear regression analysis were made. - However, until the first 120 days, no significant difference in weight could be observed among the four study densities. The values of the angular coefficient of the relation weight/length of pirarucu showed that its growth is of the allometric type. The maximum total size was 107.66 cm and the maximum weight was 13.43 kg, in the density of five fishes per 100 m2. However, the highest biomass, of 85.69 kg per 100 m2, was observed in the density of 10 fishes per 100 m2, suggesting that this density would be the most adequate for using in intensive systems. The excellent ponderal development of pirarucu, indicates the potential use of this species, in intensive systems associated with buffaloes.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desempenho e características de carcaças de cordeiros suplementados com diferentes níveis de resíduo de biodiesel(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-02-15) SOARES, Bruno Cabral; ÁVILA, Sandra Cristina de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683521652094464; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544Was aimed verify the effect from different levels of supplementation from biodiesel residue originating from dendê. Were utilized 25 male ovines, Mutt, gelded, with middleweight live of 20 kg. The experimental delineation utilized were randomized blocks, with 5 replicates per treatment, for the weight gain data and carcass characteristics. The biometrics data were analyzed in a subdivided parcel scheme. The experimental period was 84 days, with 14 days of adaptation and 70 days to obtain study variables. The feeding was split in 2 meals, at 7h00 and 17h00. Diets were composed 34% hay Panicum maximum cv. Massai and 61% concetrated, from broken corn, soy bran, minerals and 5% of dendê oil or dendê biodiesel residues, on increasing levels (zero, 25,50,75 and 100%), respectively. At the beginning of the trial period and each 14 days were realized morning weighings, before the first meal for performance evaluation, biometric measures and slaughtered on final of the trial period for carcass characteristics evaluation after passing 12h fasting of solids and liquid diet. Significant effects were observed (p<0,05) from inclusion levels of biodiesel residue originating from dendê. The regression equations presented increasing linear effect, for variables: dry matter consumption (DMC), live weight (LW), weight gain (WG), body score (BS), body length (BL), thoracic perimeter (TP), chest width (CW), and quadratic for PCQ, PCF,RCB, RB. Dendê biodiesel residues utilization, in replace of dendê oil on lambs food, promotes increasing effect on dry matter consumption and weight gain, improves carcass characteristics and becomes an alternative to increase energetic density of growing ovines diet.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Elaboração e caracterização do “Queijo Marajó”, tipo creme, de leite de búfala, visando sua padronização(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) FIGUEIREDO, Elaine Lopes; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544This work objected the elaboration and physical-chemical, microbiological and sensorial characterization of the “Marajó Cheese”, type cremate, processed with buffalo milk, besides evaluating shelf life, for 28 days and economical income. The two places were produced the derivates (Place A - University of the Para State and Place B - Dairy industry, Soure, Para). The milk and cheese were processed levels of humidity, lipid, protein, carbohydrate, caloric value, acid, pH, mesophylla bacteria, coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, mould and yeasts, Staphylococus aureus and Salmonella. Just in the cheese cholesterol and minerals analyses were accomplished. The sensorial analysis consisted of profile of characteristics and acceptance test. The similarity of the averages of the physical-chemical variables of the buffalo milk indicated that this was adapted for the elaboration of having standard derivate. Anyone sample of milk presented contamination for coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella. The largest contamination was verified for aerobic bacteria (mesophyllas), mould and yeasts. The fat levels in the dry extract and of humidity they classified the derivate as fat and of average humidity. The “Marajó Cheese” came inside of the established standard for quality food, until the 21º day of storage. The more perceptible sensorial attributes and that they characterized the sensorial profile of the derivate were white color, milk and acid aroma, tastes acid and salty e softness. The Test of Acceptance indicated that the cheese was very appreciated by tasters. “Marajó Cheese” elaborate appropriately there is need of Good Practices of Production, inside which stand out the control of the acidity and fat of the milk and the mass used for derivate, standardization of the quantity of cream, chloride of sodium and potassium sorbato were added, besides the hygiene in the milk obtained and processing.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Respostas termorregulatórias e comportamentais de fêmeas bubalinas criadas a pasto, em condições de ambiente do trópico úmido(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-09-11) BRCKO, Carolina Carvalho; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544Testing the thermoregulatory and behavior responses in buffalo in the eastern Amazon, three experiments were conducted at Embrapa Amazônia Oriental (01 ° .26'.03 "S and 48 ° .26'.03" W) in the period July 2013 to June 2014, with 24 buffaloes crossbred Murrah / Mediterranean. That were in paddocks with Brachiaria brizantha (cv. Marandu) in a rotational system with drinking water and mineral salt at will. Experiment 1 aimed to evaluate the effects of climate and the inclusion of four levels (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% of PV) of palm kernel cake in thermoregulation of buffaloes. Air temperature data were recorded (AT), relative humidity (RH), dew point temperature, wet bulb temperature, black globe temperature (BGT), rectal temperature (RT), temperature of the body surface (TBS), respiratory rate (RR). Daily, animals received food into individual troughs and the diet was adjusted by reweighing of animals every 28 days. It was concluded that there is no effect of palm kernel cake on thermoregulation of buffaloes. The second experiment aimed to study the exchange capacity and daily heat preservation buffaloes and lasted six days. Physiological (RT, RR and TBS by infrared thermography) and climate (TA, UR, TG) at 6:00 am, 9:00 am, 12:00, 15:00, 18:00 and 21:00. Although exposed to adverse weather conditions, the buffalo are able to return to homeostasis in the evening, indicating that the species has great adaptive capacity. Finally, the experiment 3 aimed to study the inclusion of palm kernel cake, at different levels (0, 0.25, 0.5, 1% of PV) is able to change the behavior of buffalo raised on pasture. The experiment was conducted in two seasons (wettest and less rain). Climate variables are as described in experiment 1. The behavioral analysis (grazing, ruminating, leisure and other activities) was carried out between 6:00 a.m. and 18:00 for three consecutive days in each collection campaign. 24 buffaloes were used, six for each treatment. The test diet does not influence the buffalo behavior. Despite suffering physiological and behavioral changes due to the effect of environmental variables, especially in the period with higher temperatures, buffaloes showed its ability to return to homeostasis as the temperature became milder, indicating great adaptive capacity.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Valor nutritivo da leguminosa Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merrill para suplementação alimentar de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) AVIZ, Márcia Alessandra Brito de; CAMARÃO, Ari Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1649891765946593; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544The knowledge of the nutritional value of forage plants is of great relevance when it is intended to raise the productivity of the cattle systems in the Eastern Amazon, mainly in areas where deficiency of fodder plant of good quality occurs, in periods of water deficit. Thus, to characterize the potentiality of the leguminous Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merril, as alternative for animal feeding, assumes excellent importance, therefore it can influence in the productive performance for meat and dairy cattle. This research aimed to evaluate the chemical composition, apparent digestibility and voluntary intake of this leguminous in the suplementary feeding of ruminants, in period of reduced availability of fodder plant and low nutritional value. The work was realized at the Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in Belem, Para State, Brazil (1º28'S 48º27'W). The nutrition characteristics of the leguminous were determined, during 21 days, with 16 sheeps, in individual metabolic cage, distributed in completely randomized, with four treatments and four repetitions. The experimental treatments (T1, T2, T3 and T4) contained Brachiaria humidicola and creasing levels of 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of inclusion of F. macrophylla. The tannin level in the composition of the diet was 1.37; 0.62; 0.31 and 0.17%, respectively. The consumption of dry matter (g/day) and % of live weight were 901.8 and 2.4; 947.9 and 2.5; 859.5 and 2.2; e 930.2 and 2.5 and of crude protein 232.4; 188.7; 132.1 and 107.6 g/day. The coefficients of digestibilidade were 54.1; 59.2; 55.1; e 62.0%, in dry matter, and 57.3; 61.2; 57.6; e 64.0% in organic matter and the crude protein were 63.2; 60.5; 51.4; 52.0%, respectively. The leguminous has feeding potential, with high availability of dry matter, to be used as alternative for ruminants feeding supplementation, mainly in critical periods. Level of inclusion of F. macrophylla, around 75%, make possible greater consumption of the dry matter, organic matter and of fiber fractions and 100% allow better consumption of crude protein and gross energy.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Valor nutritivo da leguminosa Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth como alternativa na suplementação alimentar de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-12-07) MONTEIRO, Edwana Mara Moreira; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544This work was realized in the Animal Research Unit "Senator Alvaro Adolpho" in the Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in Belem, Para State, to evaluate the effect of four levels of substitution (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of the Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth leguminous, in the voluntary consumption and apparent digestibility of the dry substance (MS), crude protein (PB), crude energy (EB), detergent neutral fiber (FDN) and acid detergent fiber (FDA). The experiment was of 14 days of adaptation and seven days of experimental period, using sixteen sheep’s, of ten months and 28 (± 2,44) average of kg, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four repetitions. The data had been analyzed by software SAS. The substitution of the quicuio-da-Amazônia for the pueraria in the diet influenced the voluntary consumption and the apparent digestibility of all the nutrients, being described for quadratic function. A quadratic increase in the apparent consumptions of the FDN was evidenced and FDA, however, with increase of the level of leguminous in the diet, had been observed significant reductions in the FDN text when the 75% level was supplied. The use of the Pueraria phaseoloides leguminous, provides to greater availability of dry substance in the fodder plant and rise of the nutritional value, mainly, protein in the diet, promoting increase of the animal productivity. Levels of substitution of P. Phaseoloides, around 100%, make possible greater consumption of the dry substance, organic substance, PB and EB, while that, the 75% level allows to greater consumption of the fibroses fractions.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Valor nutritivo da torta de castanha-do-pará (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) para alimentação de ruminantes(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) RAMOS, Aline Fernanda Oliveira; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544Nutrition is one of the most important links of the production process, either by the costs involved or by establishing the efficiency and productivity of the animal. At the same time the brazilian agricultural industry lies in the expansion with the use of oil, especially in the cosmetic and biodiesel sector, which generates waste due to obtain oil process. Thus, the use of these by-products in animal feed is an alternative for both activities, since for livestock food option means good availability and low cost, and for agribusiness means reducing accumulation and inadequate destinations of their waste. Before using a new food in feed formulations, experimental measurements are necessary to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the responses of animals that received the new the ingredient in its diets, as the voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility and animal’s behavior, which is important to complement and strengthen the nutritional data, especially because they represent the effects of the quality of food in the digestive activities. Thus, the byproduct of the processing of the almond brazilian nut and its effects on voluntary intake, digestibility and feeding behavior displayed by sheep fed with increasing levels of inclusion, 0, 15, 30 and 60% in the diet based on corn silage were assessed. Sixteen males lambs, uncastrated at 33 kg average were used, kept in individual metabolic cages, which received the diet in two meals, at 8a.m and 6p.m, with the offer set to allow 15% on the remains. Samples of the remains and feaces were collected and analyzed to determine the consumption and digestibility of nutrients. For four days the animals intake behavior were evaluated in relation to their activities of feeding, ruminating and idling, occurrences and duration of ruminated bolus and rumination chewing, and the efficiency of feeding and ruminating. The Brazil’s nut (BN) is a by-product with potential for ruminant nutrition, with considerable amounts of proteins and lipids, but due to its high content of ether extract in inclusion levels higher than 16.3% of the maize diet, affect rumen fermentation, especially fiber digestibility, the dry matter intake and the ruminating time in the animals.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Valor nutritivo de Cratylia argentea para suplementação de ruminantes na Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) SANTOS, Núbia de Fátima Alves dos; CAMARÃO, Ari Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1649891765946593; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544The study was carried out at the Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in Belem, Para State, Brazil (1º28'S 48º27'W of Greenwich), with the objective of evaluate the influence of the addition of the Cratylia argentea as alternative feed supplementation of ruminants, in the critical periods of forage production of in the Eastern Amazon. The nutritional characteristics of the leguminous was determined during twenty one days, using sixteen sheep, in individual metabolic cage, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four replications. The experimental rations (T1, T2, T3 and T4) contained Brachiaria humidicola and crescent levels of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%, of inclusion of Cratylia argentea. The consumption of dry matter (g/day) and live weight percent were 656.47 and 1.76; 743.50 and 1.96; 714.92 and 1.89; and 480.52 and 1.31, of organic matter 619.64; 715.85; 665.36 and 535.85 g/day, and of crude protein 68.01; 108.29; 187.67 and 170.61 g/day. The fiber in neutral detergent consumption in g/day, were 567.44; 536.70; 486.51 and 382.25 g/day. The coefficients of digestibility were 37.87; 24.01; 21.93 and 34.36%, in dry matter basis, and 42.66; 31.54; 27.02 and 36.05%, in organic matter basis, and the crude protein contents were 56.04; 56.64; 68.66 and 71.44%, in 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% on inclusion of Cratylia argentea, respectively. The Cratylia argentea constitute alimentary alternative during the low rainy, with medium digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and fibrous fractions, same in blooming, thus presented medium consumption due the tannins. At the level of 50%, possibility greater consumption of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, grow energy and fibrous fractions.