Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal - PPGCAN/Castanhal
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2335
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) é um programa do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA). O Programa iniciou o nível de Mestrado em 1999 junto à CAPES/MEC, tendo aprovação de sua proposta de Doutorado junto à agência em 2008, com início da primeira turma em 2009, o que certamente contribuirá à formação de massa crítica regional.Se caracteriza por apresentar um conjunto de disciplinas que repassam aos alunos um embasamento teórico e prático, capacitando os mesmos a aplicarem os conhecimentos adquiridos no avanço regional da produção animal. Direcionando as linhas de pesquisa do curso à nutrição, biotecnologia, pastagens, conservação de recursos genéticos, reprodução, sanidade animal, bovinocultura, bubalinocultura, animais silvestres, ecologia aquática e aquicultura.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A pesca artesanal da frota de Mosqueiro (Belém - Pará) e o uso do ambiente pela dourada (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii-Castelnau, 1855)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-06-01) OLIVEIRA, Diogo Marques; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; FRÉDOU, Flávia Lucena; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4779271407117528Considering the artisanal landing sites in the Amazon estuary, Mosqueiro Island, located in the south of the Bay of Marajó, is commercially very important and, as in nearby loading terminal (Miramar), the imminence of an environmental disaster is real. However, there is no detailed information on the fishery and the use of commercially important species, as Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) in the region. With the objective of describing the fishing activity and the use of the region by the Gilded catfish, landings were monitored in Cajueiros Bridge (Mosqueiro) from December 2005 to November 2006. Moreover, the fishery boats were recorded using specialized log-books and trained personnel from the community. The index of relative abundance CPUE (kg/trip) was used to identify the most important species and their catch period, seasonality of the fleet, fishing sites and gross revenue. Considering the Gilded catfish, 30 individuals were obtained from commercial fishery in Mosqueiro from December 2005 to August 2006 in a bimensal basis. Individuals were weighted, measured and gonads were collected with the objective of evaluating the use of the region for reproduction. It was registered 128 fishing boats and Barcos de pequeno porte dominated followed by Canoas motorizadas. Technological differences between boats categories were observed, except in relation to boat length, mean monthly production and storage capacity. Barcos de médio porte present a greater crew and fishing days but they carry out less trips by month in relation to the others categories. Gill nets are mostly used in the area, and the mesh most frequently employed are 50, 60 e 70 mm (streched mesh size). Barcos de médio porte have larger nets when compared to others categories. The main species captured in the region are Silver croaker (Plagioscion squamosissimus), Pacora (Plagioscion surinamensis), Gilded catfish (Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii) and Yellowfin river pellona (Pellona spp.). Fleet from Cajueiros bridge fish mainly in fishing sites near the island during the catch period of the main species (May to December) moving to Marudá region during the offpeak season (January to April) following, mainly, the schools of Gilded catfish. Periods of maximum abundance was the first and the forth trimester for Canoas motorizadas and Barcos de pequeno porte respectively. The fishing sites Ponta Fina and Areia do Cotijuba showed the largest annual relative abundance with the main catch of Gilded catfish and Pacora, respectively. Gilded catfish was regular during the whole period with highest abundance in Ponta Fina and December. Pacora highest abundance was recorded in Marudá (98 kg/trip) and September. Yellowfin river pellona occurred mainly in Enseada and in June. In Mosqueiros Island, fish annual production was estimated in approximately 1.000 tons, leading to a gross revenue of R$ 3 million. Barcos de pequeno porte contributed to 42% of the total production and with 61% of the gross revenue. Silver croaker contributed to 26% of total production and Gilded catfish with 35% of the gross revenue. This species was considered the most valuable fish resource in the area. Sampled individuals measured from 27 to 100 cm total length, and individuals of 50 to 60 cm dominated. Sexual proportion favored females (1:2,2 male:female) which were most numerous for most length classes and months, except February. For this species, the area is not used for breeding but for nursery and feeding purposes. In the situation of an environmental disaster a waste of approximately 1.000 tons and R$ 3 millions for the fishery industry in Mosqueiros Island can be reported. Moreover, an accident in the area could also affect the young population of Gilded catfish causing harmful effects in a long term for catch and economy of the area.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise bioeconômica da produção de novilhos precoces de diferentes grupos genéticos terminados em confinamento, em Paragominas, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-29) MAIA, Janaina Teles da Silva; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749; OAIGEN, Ricardo Pedroso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8056365542183068The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a system of early termination of steers, in feedlot from, zootechnical and economic indicators, as well as compare the performance of different genetic groups (crosses with zebu and taurine). The study was conducted on private property in the municipality of Paragominas, Pará, which were used in the experiment the animals own production system, randomly selected from three genetic groups: Nellore, ½Angus ½Nellore e ½Charolais ½Nellore, but with date of birth and approximate weight, ie, the same contemporary group. The experiment was conducted in 2012 and 2013 with animals from birth, 2010 (67 animals) and 2011 (63 animals), respectively, all with an average age of 21 months at the beginning of feedlot season. To evaluate the production performance animals were weighed every 28 days, following a solids fasting period of 16h. Each week samples of concentrated feed, silage, and total diet (silage + concentrate) for analysis bromatological were collected. Economic data were collected on the property, and tabulated and analyzed in MS Excel. The results showed especially the animals crossing ½Charolais ½Nellore as the medium of performance indicators, statistically not differing in some aspects from the crossing ½Angus ½Nellore junction, but always with higher values. As for economic data showed positive indicators feedlot for two years of the experiment, with profitability and average return of 8.5% and 9%, respectively, highlighting the genetic group ½Charolais ½Nellore, as the most profitable, due to higher carcass yield.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise de desenvolvimento do tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) (Pisces, Serrasalmidae), utilizando a massa de mandioca branca, Manihot esculenta (Crantz) como complemento alimentar em viveiros de piscicultura em área de várzea(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) SOUZA, Alex da Silva Lobão; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736The State possesses favorable conditions for the development of the fishculture, that it will be constituted in an alternative for the production of proteins of animal origin, capable to aid in the reduction of the accentuated deficits found in the alimentary diet of the population paraense of low income, as well as, to minimize the punctual problems caused by the fisheries pression and chemical pollution. It is the várzeas of Brazilian Amazonia, they are constituted then, in a great potential for the development of the rational fishculture, maintaining the sustentable of the ecosystem through handling technologies, in substitution to the methods traditional and predatory capture. One of the main problems of the fishculture is the high cost the ration that gets to compose up to 80% of the total cost of the activity, because a diet doesn't exist with regional products that lowered that cost, The cost of the rations extrused oferted in the area it extrapolates the limit of the economy, owed mainly to the aggregation of the freight, see the shortage of the local industries, as well as the high prices of the main input, notedly in if being about the fraction proteic that is more onerous of the diet. With base in that reality, the Amazon area throws hand of by-products of the agroindustry of easy acquisition and low cost, to minimize the expenses with the fishculture and to guarantee the presence of the fish in the table of the population, that is the consumed food. In the experiment the used species was the tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum it is an ideal species for fishculture in várzea area by virtue of its rusticity. With that the study of alternative diets facilitates a cultivation that makes possible the practice economically. The experiment was accomplished in the area of várzea of UFRA, where they were submitted to 3 treatments, where: V1) it was administrated ration extrused 28% P.B.; V2) ration commercial extrused 28% parceled out with mass of white cassava and V3) it was administrated mass of white cassava. At the end of the experiment it was observed that the nursery where was administrated commercial ration presented better acting zootecnic, even so the nursery 2 where it was administrated) ration commercial estrusada 28% parceled out with mass of white cassava presented a similar acting to the previous, obtaining smaller consumption 50% of ration extrused.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise imunohistológica e desenvolvimento folicular após auto-transplante de tecido ovariano de macaca de cheiro Saimiri collinsi(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-11) SCALERCIO, Sarah Raphaella Rocha de Azevedo; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149; SANTOS, Regiane Rodrigues dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0500967766886604The main objective of the present work was to study ovarian folliculogenesis in Saimiri sciureus. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of intra-ovarian factors related with the follicular development, inhibition and cell proliferation, as well as investigation the effects of pretreatment with vitamin E analogue, Trolox, on the viability and follicular function, apoptosis index, cell proliferation, vascularization and fibrosis after auto-transplanted of fresh ovarian tissue. It was possible for the first time imuno localize proteins expressed as: growth and differentiation factor -9 (GDF -9), c- kit/Kit Ligand and Ki-67 and confirm the expression of anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in different stages of follicular development in squirrel monkey ovary. Regarding pre-incubation with the Trolox antioxidant, it can improves follicular survival after autotransplantation, decrease apoptosis rates in stromal cells, although increase areas of fibrosis after graft. Our results suggest that fresh ovarian tissue can be grafted and incubated without major impact on early follicular growth and morphology after subcutaneous autotransplantation for a short-term. We believe that our results provide an important contribution to understanding the process of folliculogenesis in neotropical monkeys. This knowledge is an important tool to evaluate follicular viability and functionality after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue transplantation and in vitro culture of early follicles, especially for animals at risk of extinction and women that are undergoing to chemotherapy and radiation with risk of loss fertility.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aspectos clínico-patológicos do envenenamento experimental por Caudisona durissa em equinos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-28) LOPES, Cinthia Távora de Albuquerque; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557The clinic-pathological picture and laboratory findings in horses experimentally inoculated with the venom of Caudisona durissa terrificus (Crotalus durissus terrificus, according to the former nomenclature) are described. The purpose of this study was to contribute to the understanding of this type of snake accident in horses. The lyophilized venom was diluted into 1ml of a 0.9% saline solution and was inoculated subcutaneously into five horses, at the doses of 0.12mg/kg (one horse), 0.066mg/kg (two horses) and 0.03mg/kg (two horses). The venom caused death of the horse that had received 0.12mg/kg, and of one horse of the two that had received the dose of 0.066mg/kg. The clinical course varied from 27h27min to 52h29min. The second horse inoculated with 0.066mg/kg recovered within 12 days after inoculation. The dose of 0.03mg/kg had a course of 6 to 10 days but did not cause fatal envenomation. The clinical picture in the horses was characterized by swelling of the inoculation site and adjacent areas, by apathy and lowered head, locomotory alterations shown by dragging of the hoves on the ground, decubitus and difficulty to get up, reduction of auricular, palatal, upperlip and threat reflexes, and increase of heart and breathing frequency. The laboratory examination revealed leukocytosis and lymphocytosis in two horses. There was increase of the creatine-kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (DHL) and ureia; reduction in the seric levels of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. The time of activated partial tromboplastina (TTPA) increased in the horses that died. Post mortem findings were edema of the subcutaneous tissue at the inoculated shoulder, suffusions in the epicard of left and right heart ventricles, bladder replete with urine containing a white-yellowish sediment, and hemorrhagic areas in its mucosa. Histopatologic examination revealed the liver parenchyma with diffuse moderate vacuolation affecting predominantly the intermediate area of the hepatic lobe, and slight dilation of the sinusoides in some areas; in the kidney slight dilation of the uriniferous tubules mainly in the cortex.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aspectos da reprodução de espécies de ciclídeos de importância econômica em áreas de várzea do médio solimões(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02-13) SILVA, Tania Cristiane Gonçalves da; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225The Cichlidae family plays an important economic role in the Brazilian Amazon, since many of its species are valued as food and also as ornamental fish. The family presents one of the largest parental behaviors among the teleosts, and one of the more diverse among all vertebrates. Amazon fish show a great diversity of reproductive strategies and tactics and ensure the survival of the greatest possible number of offspring, and represent the result of long processes of natural selection and adaptation to seasonal fluctuations of environmental variables. However, many reproductive aspects of this family are still unknown or understudied in the Amazon. This work aimed to study the reproductive ecology of seven species of the family Cichlidae: Aequidens tetramerus, Astronotus ocelatus, Acarichthys heckelli, Acaronia nassa, Hypsellecara temporalis, Mesonauta insignis and Pterophyllum scalare. The study was conducted with specimens collected at Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve (MSDR), in the várzea ecosystem, made up of white water flooded environments, and influenced by annual flood pulses. The reserve is a protected area near Tefé, at Amazonas State, Brazil. For each species were evaluated the lengthweight relationship, condition factor, sex ratio, type and spawning period (seasonality), variations of the gonadosomatic relationship, fecundity and size at first sexual maturity (L50). For that, were used 209 specimens of A. tetramerus, 168 of A. ocellatus, 170 of A. heckelli, 178 of A. nassa, 109 of H. temporalis, 380 of M. insignis and 264 of P. scalare. All species showed an isometric growth, with exception of males of A. ocellatus which showed a negative allometric growth. The species bred throughout the year, with spawning activity peaks detected during the rising of the water level, and some additional activity during the flooding period. These were corroborated by RGS and condition factor indices. The overall sex ratio of the species was balanced, 1:1. Except for the species A. nassa, that showed a predominance of males of 0.5:1. All species showed a low fecundity, between 700 and 1500 mature oocytes. The species A. tetramerus, A. ocellatus and H. temporalis showed a partial spawning strategy, and A. nassa, P. scalare and M. insignis showed a total spawning strategy. The asymptotic length (L ∞) and the average length at first sexual maturity (L50) for females showed that all species have an early sexual maturation. The cichlids studied here presented two tactics groups of the main reproductive strategies, K and r. For the management of these species, it should be considered that these are low productivity fish species, and their reproductive seasonal peak and minimum size of capture, based on their L50, should be used to limit the catch.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da dinâmica folicular, atividade ovariana e involução uterina durante o pós-parto de búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) criadas em condições tropicais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-11) SILVA, Aluizio Otavio Almeida da; RIBEIRO, Haroldo Francisco Lobato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1614582293203770In this experiment aimed to monitor the follicular dynamics and ovarian activity of buffalo females in the postpartum period through ultrasound exams, investigating whether some events related to ovarian activity in the Postpartum Period (PPP), and uterine involution, since the 7th day calved until the second post-partum estrus. ten were used (10) crossbred females between Murrah and Mediterranean breeds with eutócicas parities and no history of reproductive problems, managed in semi extensive system, with availability of water and mineral supplementation ad libitum. It was found the presence of follicular growth patterns of two waves (2 OCF) and three waves (3OCF) at a ratio of 40% and 60%, respectively. The 1st and 2nd postpartum estrus demonstrated to 37,00+13,12 and 58,83+14,56 days postpartum for 2OCF animals, 45,00 + 15,19 and 66,00 + 23.02 days postpartum for animal 3OCF. The estrous intervals were 21,00+2,44 and 21,83+2,56 days for animals 2OCF and 3OCF respectively. Follicular emergency occurred at an average of 1,02+0,34 and 7.25+0,50 days cycle for the first and second waveform, respectively, of animals and 2OCF 0,93+0,35; 6,6+1,36 and 10,83+1,94 days cycle for the first, second and third wave, respectively, for the animal 3OCF. The pre ovulatory follicular diameter was 13,08±2,6 and 11,45+0,35 mm for the 1st and 2nd postpartum estrus of 2 OCF animals and 13,24+2,41 and 12,74+1,10 mm for the 1st and 2nd postpartum estrus of 3OCF animals. The uterine involution occurred at an average of 29,00+1,48 days, (P <0.001), diameter of the post gravid uterine horn (DPGUH) around 18,84+0,33 mm. The rate of uterine involution was 0,97+0,21 mm/day, (P <0,001). There was a high correlation between the PPP and CUPG, represented by r = -0,8179 (P<0,0001), being possible to establish a linear regression between the two parameters, represented by the equation Y = 40,8809 + (-0,8214.X) (P<0,0001).Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da qualidade da água e da sazonalidade no processo produtivo de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) no município de Curuçá–PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-29) PALHETA, Glauber David Almeida; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081Shrimp production in Amazon has a potential to rise in the next years. Litopenaeus vannamei is a marine species which is starting to be better explored in Para State. This is due to water quality, more precisely to physical, chemical, hydrologic and sanitary water condition, and sediments. We can also mention that the seasonality of region may contribute to adequate condition for L. vannamei production. The accompaniment of water conditions are indispensable to understand how the seasonality could affect the shrimp production in Para State. The management in shrimp farm could be improved with inclusion of statistic in the data from shrimp farm and this technique maybe used to model the parameters during the cultivation and, consequently, improving the production and decreasing the cost. Therefore, the Thesis aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonality in water quality and shrimp growth. To those evaluations, the shrimp production in a commercial farm (Curuçá city, PA) was evaluate during the two cycle found in the region, and the first was from January to April of 2011 (rainy season) and the second was from July to November of 2012 (less rainy season). The farm had four tanks of one hectare of water surface and those thanks were used alternately in both cycles. In general, the seasonality found in Amazon altered the water quality in both cycles, but the shrimp cultivation was not affected. In addition, the production showed to be viable economically in both periods (rainy and less rainy season). There was correlation among rainfall and shrimp production.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da técnica de aspiração ovocitária transvaginal (Ovum Pick Up) e produção in vitro de embriões da raça nelore (Bos taurus indicus) oriundos de doadoras com alterações da fertilidade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-09-11) SOUSA, Alysson Jorge de Oliveira; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459The objective of this experiment was evaluate the possibility of the use of zebu cattle females with raised genetic quality presenting problems of fertility, acquired after a program of conventional transference of embryos, as oocyte donors in a program of Ovum Pick Up and In Vitro embryo production. Sixteen females of Nelore breed (Bos taurus indicus) with average age of 11 years and 7 months, had been submitted to the same conditions of enviroment, feeding and management. These animals were removed of the program of embryo transfer due fertility problems (ovarian cysts, genital infections and some cases of repeat breedings). The animals had been divided in two groups in agreement the type of pathology: Group I (n=08) formed by animals that had presented ovarians patologies (cysts) and GROUP II (n=08) formed by animals with extra-ovarians patologies, both groups had been submitted to aspiration follicular (OPU) using two types of needles (21G ; 19G ) and pressures (55 e 70mmHg). The two groups were divided in four treatments (T1 =55/21G; T2 = 55/19G; T3 = 70/21G e T4 = 70/19G) and after oocites collection they were submitted to IVP. In this work, 149 aspirations were realised and 879 oocytes were collected (5,9 4,88) GRADE I = 16%; GRADE II = 43%; GRADE III = 21% e GRADE IV = 20%. The averages of oocytes collected in Group I were (T1 = 7,06 5,10; T2= 7,00 3,64; T3 = 10,60 6,51 and T4 = 2,78 2,59) and the second group (GROUP II) (T1 = 4,90 4,47; T2= 2,93 3,05; T3 = 6,11 4,11 and T4 = 2,70 2,00). For the averages of viable oocytes, the results had been the following ones (T1 = 4,35 3,01; T2 = 4,88 2,96; T3 = 6,87 3,91 and T4 = 1,89 1,90) for GROUP I and (T1 = 2,70 2,22; T2 = 1,92 1,98; T3 = 3,47 2,27 and T4 = 2,00 1,05) for GROUP II. In this experiment, 538 oocytes had been taken to the IVP, 161 (32,85%) of these oocytes had clived and 65 (13,26%) had resulted in Morula or Blastocysts. The statistcs analysis of the results did not demonstrate significant difference in the oocyte number of the diferent groups, caused for the suction pressure. It was observed that the type of needle is related of pressure of the vacuum bomb, the best results were finding with T3 treatment, moreover It can be observed through these findings that the best averages of oocytes collected had been gotten in the group of animals that had presented ovarians cysts (GROUP I), We concluded in this experiment that the use of OPU/IVF technique is an great option in the prolongation of the reproductive life in problems zebu cattle.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da torta de dendê na dieta de caititus (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-08) COSTA, Jociel Ferreira; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896The commercial breeding of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) has awakened interest in farmers due to the demand for its meat consumption and industrial use of byproducts such as leather. However, the highest cost of production of this species in captivity are the expenses on food. In this context, the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis), a fibrous byproduct extracted from the fruit nut, has a low cost and high availability in Pará State, Brazil, thus it’s possible to be used in the animal diet. Considering this, the aim of this study was to test the efficiency of the palm kernel cake inclusion in diets for collared peccaries in replacement of wheat bran, checking their weight gain, feed intake, carcass and non-components of carcass characteristics. For that, the effect of increasing levels of palm kernel cake inclusion with 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% in diets offered to the animals were analyzed. The experiment was conducted at Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa Eastern Amazon Region in 12 experimental stalls (12m2), using 40 male collared peccaries in finishing phase. Two animals were housed in each stall, in which they were given the corresponding treatment feed. Each enclosure served as an experimental unit, plus the stalls and their respective treatments were defined by drawing lots. The animals were divided according to weight and age, using a randomized block design. After the nutritional experiment the animals were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse for pigs. According to the treatments used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), average daily gain (ADG) was 46.85g, 26.83g, 36.10g and 52.13g and daily feed intake was 437.68g, 440.27g, 436.54, 436.25g respectively. The animals gained more weight as the inclusion of palm kernel cake increased in their diet, although the significant difference (p<0.05) was only observed in T7,5% compared to T0% and T22%. For each treatment used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), carcass dressing percentage was 59.54%, 56.63%, 56.58%, 62.07%, and ham percentage 31.61%, 33.58%, 30.16% and 35.57%, respectively, without significant difference (p>0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the treatments used in both variables, there was an increase tendency of 4% and 12% for carcass dressing percentage and ham percentage, respectively, in T22, 5% when compared to T0%. Live weight, fasting weight, hot carcass, carcass length, blood, head, skin, organs, paws and commercial cuts were not influenced by the levels of palm kernel cake inclusion (p>0,05). The results suggest the inclusion to the level of 22%, of palm kernel cake in the collared peccary feed, in replacement of wheat bran, without any harms of animal performance.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação de diferentes diluentes na criopreservação de sêmen ovino (Ovis aries)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-31) GUIMARÃES, Adrianne Araújo; VALE, William Gomes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7486151987920142During cryopreservation are numerous changes experienced by the sperm cells, which leads to the decrease in motility and loss of viability after thawing. For this reason, there arises the need to refine the process technology of semen, especially regarding the use of diluents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the viability of spermatozoa undergoing the process of cryopreservation and dilution, using three extenders (TES, TRIS and PBS) and three years of stability (4h, 8h and 12h), and the study was divided into nine groups: TES-4h-8h TES, TES- 12h, TRIS-4h-8h TRIS, TRIS-12h-4h PBS, PBS and PBS-8h-12h. After collection, semen was evaluated macro and microscopically, and pre-diluted solutions in TES, TRIS and PBS, but without the addition of cryoprotectants (Solution A), where they remained for 1 hour. Subsequently, semen was diluted with solutions TES, TRIS and PBS, already containing the cryoprotectants, again assessed to be so packed, and subjected to different periods of equilibrium, and then frozen. After thawing, motility was assessed and vigor, and after the TTR, motility, vigor and detachment of the acrosome. On cryopreservation with TRIS, motility and vigor were statistically similar (p> 0.05) in semen frozen with a balance of 4h (17.2% and 1.6), 8h (22.4% and 2.1) and 12h (14.8% and 1.6) (p> 0.05). After the TTR was not observed statistical difference (p> 0.05) in motility and vigor in 4h (10.4% and 1.1) and 12h (10.0% and 1.2) of balance, but there was an increase in 8h (15.6% and 1.6) (p <0.05). There was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) in the rate of detachment of the acrosome between 4h (35.1) and 12 (37.6) equilibrium, with a reduction in these indices at 8 am (30.4) (p <0 , 2005). On cryopreservation with ERT, the motility of frozen semen with a balance of 4h (24.8%) and 12h (27.6%) were statistically similar (p> 0.05), although the time of 8h (40.4% ) differed significantly from the others. The force was statistically similar (p> 0.05) for thawed-balanced 4h (2.0), 8h (2.6) and 12h (2.3), not statistically different (p> 0.05) . After the TTR was not observed statistical difference (p> 0.05) for sperm motility in 4h (18.8%) and 12h (17.4%) of balance, but there was an increase in 8h (29.6%) (p <0.05). In relation to the force and the detachment of the acrosome was no statistical difference (p> 0.05) 4h (2.0 and 35.8), 8h (2.1 and 33.4) and 12h (1.8 and 42 , 2) equilibrium. On cryopreservation with PBS, showed no motility and vigor after thawing. These results indicate that solvent-based TES and the equilibrium time of 8h were more suitable for dilution and freezing of ram semen.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação de sistema silvipastoril através do desempenho produtivo de búfalos manejados nas condições climáticas de Belém, Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-06-03) CASTRO, Anderson Corrêa; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544A development was lead to study the relations between productive, physiological variable and of animal comfort of buffalos and factors of the physical environment, in silvipastoril system, involving african mahogany (Khaya ivorensis) and indian nim (Azadirachta indica) and intensive rotation grazing of Cynodon nlemfuensis, in the period of may of 2003 the november of 2004, in the Unit of Animal Research "Senator Alvaro Adolpho", Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem, Para state, in the climatic type Afi, with the rainier of december to may and less rainy time, of june to november. The area of experimental pasture, 5,4 ha, is divided in six plots, with animal permanence of five days and 25 days of rest. Had been used 26 buffaloes Murrah race, no castrated, with age between 231 and 303 days. Descriptive analysis of the experimental data was effected, for attainment of averages, shunting line standard, minimum and maximum values, correlations and variances, considering weight gain, availability and chemical composition of the pasture, physiological variable of the animals, climatic variable, development of the forest essences, Comfortal Index (CI) and Temperature – humidity Index (THI). Excellent performance of the experimental animals was observed, with 0.911 average gain of kg/day and 510 kg of final alive weight. In the periods more and less rainy, the availability, the crude protein levels of stem, leaf and entire plant and the digestibility "in vitro" of the dry and the organic matter of the pasture had been satisfactory, taking care of the minimum necessities for maintenance and detached productive performance. Occurred interferences of the meteorological variable in the cardiac beatings, respiratory frequency, rectal temperature and ruminal movement of the animals. The CI exceeded the critical level, mainly in the period less rainy, as well as the THI levels had been raised, supplanting considered of emergency, indicating the necessity of practical of manipulation of the physical environment to raise the animal performance. The development of the forest essences already supplies better ambience to the animals, in function of the shade, which contributes for the reduction of thermal stress and promotes better performance productive of the buffalos.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação do efeito dos principais itens da dieta natural de Astronotus ocellatus (Cuvier, 1829) da Reserva Mamirauá (AM, Brasil) sobre a sua coloração reprodutiva em ambiente artificial(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) CHAVES, Rui Alves; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225In order to test the influence of feeding items in the coloration of acara-açus the present study was carried through two stages. The first one aimed the identification of the main alimentary groups of Astronotus ocellatus diet through the analysis of the stomachal and intestine research. Secondly, it aimed to compare the effect caused by the different groups of diet, in an artificial environment, on the red coloration and the acquisition of corporal mass of the tested individuals. At the first stage the activities had been developed in the Reserve of Sustainable Development Mamirauá (RDSM) were 216 individuals. After the preservation of the digestive tracts these were analyzed qualitatively, under the microscope. The diet items found in the contents had been classified using broad categories such as: molluscs, crustaceans, insects, fish and vegetables, as well as unknown material. The length of the first sexual maturation was calculated. The variation of the water level in the RDSM during the period of the study was obtained from Mamirauá Institute. The in-dake index for each food item was calculated by the product of the frequency of relative occurrence and relative weight of each item and the total of products for all itens identified. The main itens identified were fish, insects and molluscs. Twenty individuals of Astronotus ocellatus had been captured in Marajó Island in febrary/2006, and placed in fifteen (15) glass tanks at the aquacultive station of Utinga (Belém, Pará). On the basis of the results from the first stage and on current literature, five diet treatments were designed for the experiment: T1 - Commercial formula (control); T2 - Fish; T3 - Molluscs, T4 - Insects; T5 - Crustaceans. The analysis of the Index of Intensity of Red Coloration was based on the comparison of the levels of intensity of proportionate color for specific software, and the Index of Increment of the Red Coloration of oceli and the diffuse lateral coloration were calculated. The diet treatment with molluscs resulted in the largest increment of the index of intensity of red coloration in oceli at the end of 20 days. The diet treatment with crustaceans resulted in the largest increment of index of intensity of the diffuse lateral red coloration at the end of 20 days. The animals submitted to almost all the treatments had presented an increase in body mass throughout 40 continous days of experiment, but those fed with molluscs presented a to greater acquisition of biomass.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação do ganho de peso e aspectos reprodutivos de primíparas zebuínas suplementadas com uréia no período seco(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) CARDOSO, Robson Pinto; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236This study aimed to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of cow cutting, supplemented with urea in the dry season. We used 58 females Tabapuã x Nellore crossbred, pregnant, with a mean age of 39 months and average weight of 399 kg. The worm and experimental animals were divided into two groups, in an area of 50 ha of grass Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with 25 ha for each group, one group (A) supplemented with mineral and another (B) with mineral enriched with urea, the ratio of 80:20 (salt: urea). During the months of August-November, when most of the year in the dry, the grass had on average 5,800 kg of dry matter per hectare to 6.2% crude protein. These mixtures were administered in mineral cochos covered in order to meet ad libitum consumption during the dry period. The experimental design was completely randomized to two treatments. Difference was observed for final body weight (PVF) between the treatment with salt and mineral supplementation with urea, with average values of 360.1 kg and 385.8 kg, respectively. Difference was also observed for average daily gain, with an average of 0.465 kg/an/day for the treated group and 0.284 kg/an/day for the control group, postpartum with a gain of 41.2 and 26.5 kg/animal, respectively. The best performance of the supplemented animals should be related to the increase in dry matter intake promoted by supplementation with urea (12.610 kg to 8.744 kg). The best body growth (weight and body score) to the beginning of the amounts reflected in the expression of heat these animals, whereas 75% of cows supplemented with urea had expressed estrus during the first 60 days from the amounts to only 53, 33% of nonsupplemented. When we evaluated the whole period from the mount was not observed difference between the expression of estrus in females supplemented or not, a fact related to good body score submitted by the end of the animal to mount, 3.7 in females supplemented and 2, 9 in non-supplemented.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação do sistema digestório de juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) alimentados com rações formuladas utilizando ingredientes regionais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-02) SIZO, Fabricia de Jesus Paiva da Fosenca; FERREIRA, Maria Auxiliadora Pantoja; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832728101486131; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081The objective of this study was to evaluate the digestive system of juvenile tambaqui fed with an experimental diet containing 28% crude protein and 3000 Kcal/kg, with an inclusion of 20% of the following ingredients: palm kernel cake, tucuma pie and coconut bran. We used 300 juveniles tambaqui (16.0± 1.5 g), distributed in 12 recirculating tanks (250L) with continuous filtration and aeration of water. The experiment design was randomized and conducted with three replicates of four treatments identified as basal diet- T1, palm kernel-T2, tucumã- T3 and coconut-T4. After feeding for 60 days portions of the mid intestine and live were fixed in bouin and processed for optic microscopy. Morphometric of intestinal villi showed that diets, T1 and T4 interfered in the epithelial microvilli height. Hepatocytes showed differences between the diets T3, T2 and T1. Hepatic changes were significant in the tucumã diet. Leading to the conclusion that a diet based on palm kernel is the most suitable to feed juveniles tambaqui.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação dos parâmetros abióticos e caracterização da comunidade planctônica em um viveiro de cultivo de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) no município de Curuçá - Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-11-09) SILVA, Rayette Souza da; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736This work aimed at to evaluate during a cycle of cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei with biweekly periodicity from 20/09/08 to 05/12/08 the community planktonic and the abiotic parameters in two stations inside of a pond in the municipal district of Curuça, State of Pará. They were measured transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen, salinity and temperature, being the last four registered in the surface and close to the bottom and accomplished collections for the study of the microfitoplankton, zooplankton and chlorophyll “a”. The temperature varied from 31,5ºC to 35ºC. The dissolved oxygen varied from 4,2 mg/l to 15,5 mg/l. The pH stayed lightly alkaline, between 8,1 and 9,4. To smallest salinity it was 26,9 and the largest, 30 ppm. The transparency decreased of 55 cm to 17 cm. Chlorophyll a had a minimum of 2,33mg/m3 and a maximum of 471,34 mg/m3. They were identified 95 taxa and Bacillariophyta was the most important group, being Navicula, Pleurosigma and Nitzschia the main ones responsible for her dominance. The largest density registered for the microfitoplankton was of 104.400 org/l in the beginning of the cultivation (20/09) and to smallest it was 3.600 org/l in the last collection (05/12). The diversity average for the fitoplakcton in the Station 01 was 1,49 bits/ind and in the Station 02, 1,43 bits/ind. They were identified 34 taxa zooplanktonic, being Copepoda the most important group and Acartia lilljeborgi, Euterpina acutifrons, Oithona hebes, Oithona oswaldocruzzi and Parvocalanus crassirostris the main ones responsible for her dominance. The largest density registered for the zooplâncton was of 162.000 org/m3 in the beginning of the cultivation (20/09) and to smallest it was 375 org/m3 in day 05/11. The diversity was also low tends averages of 1,34 bits/ind and 1,10 bits/ind in the stations 01 and 02, respectively. Enter the main conclusions: the microfitoplanktonic community was dominated by the diatom, being the main ones responsible for her dominance: Pleurosigma, Nitzschia and Navicula and the division Bacillariophyta was the most important group so much in wealth terms as of density; the class dinophyceae revealed to be better adapted in clearer waters; the copepods were dominant, being Acartia lilljeborgi, Oithona hebes, Oithona oswaldocruzzi, Parvocalanus crassirostris and Euterpina acutifrons the species that more they contributed to this dominance; Chlorophyll “a” answered to the largest ration contributions during the cultivation, increasing with the time; the physio-chemical variables that suffered influence of the cultivation, varying significantly along the time was: pH, dissolved oxygen and transparency and the investigated pond was considered homogeneous evaluating her depth and area.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação dos perigos microbiológicos em uma indústria de beneficiamento de pescados e sugestão de um sistema de gestão de qualidade(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-21) LIMA, Consuelo Lucia Sousa de; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; FREITAS, José de Arimatéa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382745365421156From among products of animal origin, fish are the most susceptible to deterioration and may represent a risk to health if they are contaminated by pathogenic micro-organisms. Therefore the fish industries must take special care during ali stages of processing. This study evaluated microbiological hazards in the processing line and products in a fish industry and proposes its adaptation to the necessary prerequisites for implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system. Were carried out microbiological and physicochemical analysis of 144 samples (fillets and flitch) of frozen fish of different species collected directly in the industry, were also submitted to microbiological testing 12 ice samples, 24 water samples and 340 samples from surfaces (equipment, tools and gloves handlers). The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) were evaluated using a checklist applied during five surveys in the industry. Trainings were carried out and evaluated temperatures of raw materials and semi finished products. It was then proposed a HACCP plan for processing line of frozen fish fillet. Among the pathogens evaluated only coagulase positive staphylococci were detected in 2.7% of fish samples, within the limit established by Brazilian law, but above the values established by national legislation for pH and BVT were detected in 18.1% and 3.5% of the samples, respectively. The samples of ice and water were not detected coliforms at 35°C and 45°C. From samples of equipment and utensils analyzeds, 50% and 81.82% were within the recommendations established by OPAS of 1.7 log CFU/cm2 for aerobic mesophilic and coliforms at 45°C, the first and second sampling period, respectively. The gloves, the first sampling period showed counts above 4 log CFU / glove of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in 76.67% of the samples and in the second period in only 21.67%. In the evaluation of GMP in the first two surveys the industry was classified as High Risk for having submitted the conformities percentage below 50%, and as Medium Risk in subsequent surveys, for answering 51-75% of the recommended items in the check list. With these results it was found that GMPs are not fully implemented in the industry analized, detecting several non-conformities. The development of the HACCP plan was carried out according to the following steps: formation of the team, product description, development of production flowchart, hazard analysis, identification of Critical Control Points (CCPs), establishment of critical limits and corrective actions, and monitoring, records and verification procedures. The proposed implementation of the HACCP plan is applicable and may contribute significantly to the development of fish products with higher quality and food safety.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação nutricional da torta de dendê para suplementação de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) COSTA, Dayana Alves da; CAMARÃO, Ari Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1649891765946593; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544The study was carried out at the Eastern Amazon Research Center of Embrapa, in Belem, Para State, Brazil (1º28'S 48º27'W of Greenwich), with the objective of evaluate the influence of the addition of the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis) as alternative feed supplementation of ruminants, in the critical periods of forage production of in the Amazon Eastern. The nutritional characteristics of palm kernel cake was determined during twenty one days, using sixteen sheep, in individual metabolic cage, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four replications. The experimental rations (T1, T2, T3 and T4) contained Brachiaria humidicola and palm kernel cake, at four levels (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The consumption of dry matter (g/day) and % of live weight were 666.6 and 2.5; 686.9 and 2.4; 649.4 and 2.4; e 540.9 and 2.0, of organic matter 706.5; 710.8; 708.1 and 632.3 g/day, and of crude protein 37.3; 42.9; 58.7 and 56.4 g/day. The fiber in neutral detergent consumption in g/day, were 584.7; 583.5; 565.2 and 527.0. The coefficients of digestibility were 50.3; 47.8; 52.3; and 55.2%, in dry matter basis, and 50.8; 49.6; 53.5; and 56.3%, in organic matter basis, and the crude protein contents were 48.0; 38.7; 66.8; 69.4%, in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The palm kernel cake shows good feeding potential, with high dry matter and good nutritional value, being considered as an alternative for feeding supplementation for ruminants, mainly at the level of 30%, and allows greater consumption and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, with adequate supplement of energy.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação reprodutiva de touros bubalinos alimentados com subprodutos da agroindústria na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-10-19) SANTOS, Alessandra Ximenes; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2678267039338224The byproducts coconut meal (FC) and palm kernel cake (TAD) available in agribusiness in Eastern Amazonia can be used as alternative foods in the substitution of conventional concentrates. However, little information about their chemical composition and their relationship with productive and reproductive performance of the animals is available. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the feeds prepared with coconut meal and palm kernel cake over the semen quality of buffaloes. Also, the individual daily feed intake in the experimental diets and your relationship with the testosterone levels, scrotal circumference and semen quality were analyzed. The experiment was developed in the Animal Research Unit "Senador Álvaro Adolpho", in Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belém-PA. Fifteen buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) bulls with age of 3.2 ± 1.8 years and weights of 578.6 ± 101.9 kg were used as semen donors. The animals were separated in three groups: the Control group, the FC-Base group (coconut meal-based) and the TADBase group (palm kernel cake-based). The supplementary feeding was available individually every day, according 1.0% of body weight (BW). Semen collections (n=173) were realized weekly, and they started 112 days after initiation of supplementary feeding, after two spermatogenic cycles. Seminal physical characteristics (aspect, color, volume, concentration, pH, sperm motility and vigor) and morphology (defects and integrity of sperm plasma membrane) were analyzed. The EPA method (1974, 1994, 2009) was used to determine the macronutrients, micronutrients and toxic metals in diets. Data were submitted to ANOVA and the means compared by Test t (P<0.05). The average feed intake was 4.778 ± 1.233 kg in the Control, 3.112 ± 0.693 kg in the FC-Base, and 4.558 ± 1,077 kg in the TADBase. The means of weight were 591.4 ± 103.3 kg, 566.4 ± 94.1 kg and 578.3 ± 107.5 kg and the scrotal circumference of 34.6 ± 2.0 cm, 33.0 ± 1.9 cm e 32.7 ± 1.9 cm for Control, FC-Base and TAD-Base, respectively. The spermatic concentration (x106 sptz/mL) was 1326.3 ± 893.8, 1698.1 ± 1023.0 e 1003.2 ± 569.0 for Control, FC-Base and TAD-Base, respectively. In the same order, the integrity of sperm plasma membrane (%) observed was 68.0 ± 19.5, 72.0 ± 22.6 and 82.1 ± 12.2. The progressive sperm motility (0-100%) presented significant difference (P<0.05) in the TAD-Base group (71.7 ± 15.1%), compared to Control (59.3 ± 20.5%) and FC-Base (56.7 ± 24.8%). Correlations were observed between the variables of response. The feed intake and your components, such as crude protein, lipids, macronutrients, micronutrients and toxic metals were higher in the TAD-Base group, exception to K and Ti, higher in the Control and the FC-Base group, respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in semen aspect, volume, mass activity, spermatic vigor, pH and sperm pathologies. However, higher sperm concentrations were observed in FC-Base and increased motility and integrity of sperm plasma membrane in the TAD-Base. Thus, it can be concluded that diets based on byproducts of the agribusiness, such as coconut meal and palm kernel cake, can be used for buffalo bulls, however, the better semen quality was observed in diets based on palm kernel cake.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação sorológica e molecular da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii em bubalinos da Ilha de Marajó naturalmente infectados(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-29) SANTOS, Cássia Maria Pedroso dos; PEREIRA, Washington Luiz Assunção; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9266281009742277In order to analyze the occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii in buffalo Marajó Island by serological and molecular method, blood samples and brain tissue of 100 buffaloes were collected. Blood sera were tested by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) using a 1:64 dilution as the cutoff point for T. gondii, these samples were tested for the presence of antibodies IgG anti-T. gondii. To confirm the presence of T. gondii B1 gene in genomic material of blood and brain tissue samples were subjected to amplification by polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR). Among the tested sera buffaloes, 14 (14%) were reactive against T. gondii by the IFA technique, while blood samples and brain tissue tested 4- (4%) were amplified DNA by the technique of T. gondii PCR, 3 (3%) in blood samples and 1 (1%) in brain tissue samples. Despite the low occurrence of antibodies anti-T. gondii in serum buffalo, it can be concluded that infection by this parasite is present in buffalo breed in Marajo, moreover, it was possible to detect the genomic material of T. gondii in blood samples and brain tissue these animals, thus there is the need for further research, using the molecular technique for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis since the detection of the bioagent buffaloes becomes even more relevant to the importance of these animals in the epidemiological cycle of toxoplasmosis as possible sources of infection primarily for the human being.