Dissertações em Engenharia Civil (Mestrado) - PPGEC/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2304
O Mestrado Acadêmico foi aprovado pela CAPES em 1999 e inicou-se em 2001 pertente ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil (PPGEC) do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise comparativa de modelos digitais de terreno (MDT) como apoio no dimensionamento de projetos de saneamento(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-21) MESQUITA, Daniel Alvino; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo. Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922In Brazil, when it is a question of information about the terrain relief characteristic, mainly in the North and Northeast regions, there is a lack of planialtimetric data, something that indirectly hinders the management and the planning of the cities, in relation to the design and elaboration of sanitation projects. In this way, it is possible to study methods and techniques that reduce the cost-benefit, highlighting the application of Digital Terrain Models (TDM) for better representation of the terrestrial surface. This work has as main objective the comparison of MDTs elaborated from different techniques, as well as to evaluate the implications of these in the water supply project and in the delimitation of water basin and drainage. The municipal seat of Ipixuna do Pará-Pá was adopted as a study area and two techniques were used to obtain altimetric data, namely: through SRTM images (Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission) and by topographic survey with Total Station. The interpolation kriging method was applied to generate the contour lines, aiming to subsidize the generation of MDT. Despite the good correlation obtained between the two MDTs generated. The Pearson correlation indexes of 0.85, agreement index of 0.97 and the performance index of 0.82 indicated that there is a good correlation between the altimetric data allowing the use of SRTM imaging in engineering projects. However, 72.5% of the points presented SRTM image scores higher than the Total Station altimetric data, with a difference between the 2.06 meter sources, indicating that due to the spatial resolution of the SRTM there is a disagreement in the delimitation of the basins for areas smaller than 1.73 km².Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da disponibilidade hídrica da região hidrográfica do Tapajós como ferramenta de suporte à decisão para a outorga de recursos hídricos(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-12) ROCHA, Gabrielle Souto da; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922This work presents an analysis of the water availability in the Tapajós hydrographic region, located in the state of Pará. For the analysis of the availability, the data of the historical series of the fluviometric stations of Tapajós RH were analyzed, considering a period of 20 years (1987-2007). such as grant information and waivers granted to users of water resources in the region. After the analysis of the fluviometric series, the reference curves were obtained with the Siscah 1.0 program to determine the reference flows Q90 and Q95. The program was also used to perform the statistical calculations to obtain Q7,10 for each fluviometric station. For the determination of the sub-basins and drainage area to obtain the remaining flows, the Otto Pfafstetter method was used, detailing up to level 4. Observing the presented results, it was verified that for the reference flows Q90 and Q95 for one maximum flow rate of 70%, for each method, the remaining flow in the sub-basins does not constitute a scenario of scarcity or water stress, while Q7,10 presented a criticality scenario for the applicable uses. In relation to the uses granted in the Tapajós hydrographic region, it was verified that the municipalities with the highest number of granted processes are Itaituba and Jacareacanga, and the highest number of grant exemptions is distributed between the municipalities of Itaituba and Rurópolis. It was identified that the use of water resources for Tapajós hydrographic region, based on the purposes of granting and dispensing of requested concessions, is for the service of earthworks, compaction and wetting of roads in the region. These uses are directly linked to the expansion of the region through works such as ports, hydroelectric power stations and opening of new avenues to increase the flow of agricultural products.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise da tendência de precipitação e vazão na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Amazonas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-24) DIAS, Luanna Costa; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922Studying rainfall and flow trends is important to understand hydrological variability and to determine what has influenced increases or decays. The present study analyzes the trends of the space-time annual series of precipitation (total annual precipitation and maximum annual precipitation) and flow (averages, maximums and minimums) in the Amazon River Basin through non-parametric Mann-Kendall and Sen's tests. Slope for five different periods (1975-2014, 1980-2014, 1985-2014, 1995-2014 and 2000-2014). The results indicate that the series of average flows are increasing in the Amazon Basin for all analyzed periods. In the sub-basins of the right bank of the Amazon River, Tapajós and Madeira, the most recent period (2000-2014) registered the greatest trends of increase in the average annual flow from 1998 (year of strong El Niño) and that reached the largest values already observed. In the maximum flow series, the Óbidos station had an increasing rate of increase for the five periods analyzed for extreme flood events, which directly affect the population residing in these areas. Mean flow decay trends were found at six stations in the Tapajós and Madeira sub-basins. As for precipitation, there are significant trends of increase and decay distributed in several distinct regions of the basin. The stations with the highest positive precipitation trends had a significant increase since 1997, reaching the highest peaks in 2013. The comparison of the magnitude of the trends by the Sen's Slope test shows that there is a behavior of increasing flow rates in the entire Amazon basin and in terms of precipitation there are areas of increase and decrease, that is, precipitation is not the only variable that influences the flows of the Amazon River basin.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise do comportamento da precipitação e da vazão em bacias hidrográficas Amazônicas(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-14) HACHEM, Bruno Penna; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The aim of this study was to analyze the behavior of precipitation and flow in two river regions of the state of Pará, where Northern Corridor and Coast Northeast Atlantic. Both have the same rainfall and physical properties of the bowls are similar, being different only in regard to level and vegetable preservation area. For this study, we used 7 gauged stations and 7 rainfall in the Northern Corridor and 6 fluviometric 6 and rainfall in Costa Northeast Atlantic. After collecting the data in HIDROWEB, they were organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets software for application of Mann Kendall and Spearman tests, which stated that there is no trend in the series analyzed (α=5%). Was detected that the density of fluviometric and rainfall stations is low , according to the thresholds established by WMO. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed up "strong" between precipitation and flow of the areas studied, which also suffer influence of climatic phenomena (El Niño and La Niña). It was possible to consider that in the most preserved region, the time lag between the maximum rainfall and the maximum flow rate averaged two months, while the region with greater human action this time was an average of 1 month.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O aproveitamento de água de chuva para fins não potáveis na cidade universitária professor José da Silveira Netto - Belém/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-03) YOSHINO, Gabriel Hiromite; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The Brazilian Amazon has about 69% of available freshwater in Brazil, an amount which ends up creating the illusion that no lack of water and not lacking in the region, the large supply of this resource becomes a problem when it comes to the Management and Planning Water Resources in the Amazon, according to the wasteful use and lack of maintenance of stocks, compounded by the release of untreated wastewater. Speaking of water conservation programs in the Amazon a few decades ago and still today, with less intensity, is somewhat strange, given the large amount of water available and the culture of abundance. But with climate change associated with the water crisis in the century XXI and the growth of environmental awareness, a new paradigm for water use. Thus, this research discusses the importance of the use of rainwater for non-potable purposes, since the potential for exploitation, throughout the year, due to this high rainfall in the Amazon region, ranging, on average, 119.6 mm in months from November to 441.6 mm in March. It was verified the potential utilization of rainwater from the areas of the roofs of some buildings, located at the Federal University of Pará - UFPA, Campus Guamá, also known as City University Professor José da Silveira Netto. The methods used for sizing of the reservoir were the Rippl and Interactive, and economic viability checking done by the methods of Net Present Value - NPV and discounted payback. As a result, there was obtained by the method of Rippl a volume exceeding 1000 m³, while the interactive method was a maximum of 75 m³. The economic viability presented fragile as a function of time to return exceed the useful life of the utilization system for rain water.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da qualidade da água superficial do canal São Joaquim, Belém - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-15) PAREDES, Brenda Melise Morbach; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The process of urbanization and illegal occupation of urban channel margins nearby areas generate large impacts on these water bodies, the main one being the discharge of effluents. The channel São Joaquim, Belém Pa, is considered the largest urban channel Bethlehem, and already suffers from such impacts, as well as being affected by the lack of sanitation in its Sub Basin, such a situation can be observed in the results obtained in 12 months sampling over three points from its source to its mouth. This study aimed to analyze the said water quality Canal in physical, chemical and biological parameters through the IQA and application of descriptive statistics, analytical and multivariate analysis, being possible to observe the degradation of this water body caused mainly by organic matter, which was obtained through the OD analysis, BOD, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and thermotolerant coliforms. The Water Quality Index was calculated for the Channel and was obtained the value of 49 classifying it as quality "acceptable." When performing a seasonal comparison between dry periods and wet, and tide conditions, using the Mann Whitney hypothesis tests and test T Student, it was observed that there was significant variability between the variables, except for the temperature, which It showed a variation between the dry and rainy seasons. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied for the verification of similarity between the points for each variable analisada.Ao perform a temporal assessment of water quality of the channel between the years 1988; 2002; 2005; 2006; 2011 and 2014, it was observed that the degradation of the channel has a history of nearly 30 years, a situation confirmed by the analysis of indicator variables of organic matter. The principal component analysis led to the formation of three components that together represented 67.53% of the variability of the data, and these variables explained by the ACP, anthropic action indicative.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação do comportamento e da tendência pluviométrica na Amazônia Legal no período de 1986 a 2015(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-05-15) LIRA, Bruna Roberta Pereira; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922Amazonia awaken interest in the scientific environment because it is the largest rainforest in the world, due great water and solar energy availability, fundamental for regional and global climate regulation. In this context, this research analyzes the behavior of the annual and seasonal rainfall in Legal Amazon over 30 years (1986 to 2015), throught data from 268 rainfall stations available in the hydrometeorological network (HidroWeb) of the National Water Agency (ANA), in order to contribute a water resources management and planning in this region. The spatial and temporal dynamics from precipitation were analyzed through isoietas maps over interpolation of linear ordinary kriging, the average precipitation estimation by the isoietas method and the estimation about volume precipitated by the contour method. Regionalization was analyzed using Ward's hierarchical clustering method and trend as well as magnitude by the Mann Kendall and Sen's non-parametric tests, respectively. The results indicate annual mean precipitation of 2,070 mm, corresponding to 5.67 mm/day, however there is a wide variation in the increasing spatial pluviometric behavior from the south towards the north and also temporal variation, both in the interannual and in the seasonal. Through annual precipitation regionalization as well as latitude and longitude geographic coordinates, three regions show the different pluviometric patterns with variations in mean precipitation, with the south region average of 1,733 mm / year, east of 1561 mm / year and north of 2,390 mm/year, and coincides with the main atmospheric operating systems. As in the regionalization of the monthly precipitation, it was observed that the seasonal behavior varied quite well between the regions, as shown by the climatological normal, from rainy periods, transition periods and less rainfall. Statistical tests indicate both positive and negative trends and magnitudes for annual and monthly precipitation, statistically significant for the significance level of 5%. However, an average rate of 5 mm per year in the study area is estimated. Therefore, it is concluded that the pluviometric behavior is not homogeneous, influenced by atmospheric systems and phenomena, mainly by the La Niña and El Niño strong events. Traditional, three homogeneous regions demonstrate the main pluviometric parameters, but the more similar regions indicate a larger number of homogeneous regions, since it is an extensive region with a wide variety of pluviometric water. Where changes are crucial and can not be pluviometric, they can become hydrological and climatic hazards.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação espacial e sazonal da precipitação no estado do Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-10-21) MENEZES, Franciani Pantoja; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability and seasonal rainfall in the State of Para. Were used monthly data and annual rainfall of 66 rainfall stations available in hydrometeorological network of National Water Agency – ANA for the period 1982 - 2011. The data were organized with the help of Microsoft Excel spreadsheets. The historical series that fail, these were corrected and consisted. Para is the second largest Brazilian state holds great extent and diversity of natural resources. In terms of density, the state, as well as the seven river basin showed low density of rainfall stations do not comply with the recommendations of the WMO as the minimum density of rain gauges, are areas that require better monitoring. As for seasonality, precipitation shows two distinct seasons, a drought (winter and spring in the Southern Hemisphere), with rainfall less than 100 mm, and a rainy season (summer and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere) with rainfall exceeding 200 mm. The results obtained by the Mann - Kendall and Spearman did not detect any trend of increase or decrease in rainfall during the study period. Through cluster analysis of monthly precipitation were defined 3 Homogeneous Regions with similar climatic characteristics (R1, R2 and R3) to the state of Para.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação quantitativa da dinâmica espaço-temporal da precipitação na região hidrográfica Tocantins-Araguaia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-01-31) LOUREIRO, Glauber Epifanio; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The analysis of the rainfall behavior in a watershed is fundamental for engineering and management of the hydric resources. The Tocantins-Araguaia Basin (TAB) for your recent occupation and economic potentialities, earns prominence in the national scenery. This work evaluates the spatial-temporal dynamics of the annual precipitation in this region quantitatively during a period of 30 years of data. The dynamics of rainfall can be analyzed by the calculation of the mean precipitation in a given area, by composing isohyets maps of annual precipitation. However, the confection of these maps require one interpolation method what better please represent the rainfall characteristics in places not shown for posterior please analyze quantitative of the behaviour of the rainfall. For much, went realized descriptive exploratory analyses sample and spatial how requisition of stationarity of the interpolation method geostatistics, fill and validation of the theoretical model what he embed to the variograma of annual rainfall. The confection of isohyets maps for the method of ordinary kriging (no drift) and Universal Kriging (drift) went afterwards realized the calculation of the precipitate volume in the hydrographic region for the method of the contours. The spatial dynamics of the precipitation was realized with base in the analysis of descriptive statistics, isohyets maps, map hypsometric, Meteorological Irregularity (MI) and Coefficient Variation. Temporal dynamics was analyzed by the distribution of the total annual of volumetric precipitation for every secondary basin of the TAB, Standarized Anomaly, in the variation interanual of precipitation and trend test and magnitude represented respectively by Mann Kendall Test and Sen's. Interrelated upshots with the meteorological anomalies of the Atlantic Ocean (Dipole) and Pacific (ENOS) indicate the behaviour of the enough precipitation heterogeneous and with big variability principally in the under subbasin Tocantins Alto (TOA) (14%.) Diminution of the pluviometric amplitude, in years of intense meteorological anomaly causing a precipitation increment to the south of the under basins TOA and Araguaia (ARA) and diminution of the precipitation to the north of the secondary subbasin Tocantins Baixo (TOB), in El Niño events. One cannot prove for Mann Kendall test precipitate in the TAB, has an trend significative statistically in the volume but the estimated Sen's gives clues of fall in the precipitation in the sub-basin TOA (-1,24 km³/year) and Araguaia (ARA) (-1,13 km³/year) and increase of the precipitation in the under basin TOB (0,53 Km³/year) and for the TAB (-1,5 km³/year). So spatial and temporal variability in the under basins is intimately reported to the events of meteorological anomaly, in which your action occurs of irregular way to the long of the area to study and lop influence the socioeconomic different activities in the TAB in accordance with your magnitude and area of occurrence.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização hidrológica das sub bacias hidrográficas do Rio Negro e Rio Solimões(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-02) NEVES, Raisa Rodrigues; PESSOA, Francisco Carlos Lira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8031687016215046; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The hydrological characterization of a river basin is of extreme importance for the adequate accomplishment of the management of the water resources, as well as for the planning of activities that suffer interference of the oscillations of variables like rainfall and flow. The sub-basins of Rio Negro and Rio Solimões stand out in the sub-basins of the Legal Amazon because they present great contributions in terms of flow to the Amazon River, with average discharge of approximately 32,000 m³ / s and 100,000 m³ / s, besides having good Spatialization of rainfall and fluviometric stations throughout their areas. This research consists in the hydrological characterization of these sub basins with the use of 31 years of precipitation data (1984-2014) and in the evaluation of the rainfall behavior as a function of the flow to identify the lag periods between the maximum rainfall and flow Stations. For this, information from ANA's National Hydrological Information System (Hidroweb) and ArcGis 10.1 software was used to carry out the necessary surveys. After obtaining the results, it was verified that the Solimões River sub-basin presented better flow monitoring than the Rio Negro sub-basin, however, the pluviometric records presented better monitoring in the Rio Negro area, despite all The rainfall stations presented failures. To fill these gaps, the Regional Weighting Method with Linear Regression was used. After acquisition of this information, isoietas maps were elaborated by the Linear Ordinary Kriging interpolator, being possible to calculate the water slides and the precipitated volume in each region. Ward's hierarchical method was used to create homogeneous rainfall regions in the delimitations selected in this study, and it is possible to identify areas with higher and lower rainfall indices in the maps elaborated with the use of the Linear and Inverse Ordinary Linear Kriging interpolator (IDW); In addition, the sensitivity analysis done every 5 years allowed us to infer that there was little rainfall variation over the 31 years studied, so data from the most recent 5 years (2010-2014) are able to represent all the information in the series Of this study. The temporal variation of the precipitation was analyzed annually, being possible to verify that the ENOS phenomenon is related to the pluviometric behavior of the two areas, occurring increase of the pluviometric indices in years of La Niña and reduction in years of El Niño, however, it is not possible That this phenomenon is the main enhancer of these variations. The Mann-Kendall and Spearman tests were used to evaluate trends in the time series for 31 years of rainfall data, considering a significance level of 5%, in which there was no trend or abrupt variations in the data series. To evaluate the relationship between rainfall and flow, simple hydrograms were elaborated, with the ordinate axis composed of rainfall and flow data in mm and the abscissa axis, composed by the time series, in years. This analysis allowed to verify that there is similarity in the behavior of the stations depending on their specialization along the sub basins, which presented higher pluviometric indexes between the months of December to June, in some cases prologando up to the month of August.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Correlação entre índice de qualidade da água e usos múltiplos na bacia hidrográfica do igarapé da Prata, Capitão Poço/PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-06) RODRIGUES, Rodrigo Silvano Silva; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922Water quality indicators are important tools for the summary and generation of solid foundations about water resources degradation. The Water Quality Index of the Environmental Company of the State of São Paulo (WQI-CETESB) is the main water quality index used in Brazil. In relation between water quality and degradation in drainage basins, it is common to associate multiple uses of soil and water. This research correlates the WQI-CETESB to multiple uses of water and soil at three collection sites in the Prata catchment, located in the municipality of Capitão Poço / PA, about 154 km east of Belém / PA. It is a rural area in northeast Pará with intense agricultural activities. It was carried out eighteen campaigns with twenty-three collections, being that are twelve ones in the rainy season and eleven ones in the less rainy season. The index was calculated from the analysis of its nine parameters: turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total solids, pH, temperature and thermotolerant coliforms. The descriptive statistics was applied to synthesize the obtained data. The morphometry of the drainage areas of the collection sites was analyzed in order to understand the influence of these physical characteristics on the water quantity and quality. Soil use and coverage were mapped using georeferencing tools. The association between WQI-CETESB results and multiple uses was verified by checking the variables with the greatest influence on the value obtained for the index. Based on the WQI-CETESB, the water quality in the Prata catchment ranges between the categories Fair and Good. The values obtained in the majority did not present significant variations for the different periods (rainy and less rainy). The descriptive statistics proved to be efficient for the analysis of the results obtained from WQI-CETESB. The morphometric analysis of the drainage areas showed that the shape and the topography are not factors that impact the water quantity and quality in the catchment. The mapping of soil use and coverage and activities related to multiple uses of water, showed to be efficient as an aid in the visualization of local dynamics. The variables that most influenced the results were thermotolerant coliforms, pH, DO, BOD and total phosphorus, with representativeness associated to the three collection sites studied. The main sources of pollution raised by the mapping are strongly related to the results obtained. Targets for quality improvement and mitigation measures should be established with the aim of reducing local water degradation.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Diagnóstico de um sistema público de abastecimento de água segundo o usuário: estudo de caso do Conjunto Residencial Beija-Flor – Marituba - PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-03-30) TAVARES, Antônio de Noronha; DUARTE, André Augusto Azevedo Montenegro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1135221873341973; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922Evaluates in the perspective of the user, the system's water supply Companhia de Saneamento Do Pará, in operation at residential Beija-Flor, in Marituba, city of Pará. The study of the information gathering stages of the supply system was divided into: field research and data processing, evaluating on the socioeconomic dimension of consumer impressions of the utility services, forms of use, and evaluation of economic sense inter-relationships and others. States that the residential Beija-Flor was built for one families only. Demonstrates analysis of factors related to waste and water leaks, which there are considerable chances of residential water meters are defective.states that the service provided by COSANPA is poor, according to the insatisfaction of local residents quality. Analyzes the price of the water, offered by COSANPA, to be expensive. Was found a great chance of environmental contamination in the groundwater, soil, and infectation through water diseases in the occurrence of water shortage in the distribution network. Estimates that among the problems in the management of the Companhia de Saneamento do Pará, is about the company's poor communication with its users and in the management of the supply system, biggest problem detected, and also to the rare occurrence of water shortages and the fact that there significant rate metering. Notes that "hear" the user is an important tool to help improve the management of water supply services.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudo da viabilidade econômica com o aproveitamento de água de chuva numa metrópole da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-11) CORREA, Roberto dos Santos; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The study evaluated the potential of rainwater utilization in Belém-PA, with emphasis on the economic viability of the residential consumer perception and the reflection in spending on the production of drinking water by the supply utility. In quantifying the utilization system was used the method of Ghisi et al. (2006). Was using a precipitation temporality series in the 30-year period (1984-2013), the database of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). The historical series of precipitation indicated that Belém has two defined periods in the year, a rainy December to May, and another less rainy June to November, the fact that Belém does not display completely dry periods. For the analysis of economic viability in the view of the residential customer was prepared two scenarios, with and without the deployment costs of utilization system. Obtaining the first scenery unfeasible, and the second economically viable. In the perspective of supply concessionaire, the use is economically viable.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ferramenta de avaliação do transporte hidroviário de passageiros da região amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-18) MORAES, Rita de Cássia Monteiro de; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The Brazilian Amazon holds over 60% of available fresh water in Brazil, through which passes one of the largest rivers in the world the Amazon River, both in extent and volume of water, in addition to housing one of the largest networks waterways of the planet, with hundreds of rivers. It is this system that this research aims to make a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fleet of vessels, terminals and passenger demand which are transported by the rivers of the Brazilian Amazon, to contribute to the technological development of water transportation of passengers in the region. Through a mathematical model for calculating the value of the fare per passenger, which takes into account the physical and operational characteristics of each line, we have analyzed the values practiced in the lines, as well as optimized the parameters of a vessel with ideal conditions and lower cost per passenger. In this regard it was found that the cost of transportation of the passenger can be reduced with a design most suitable for each vessel line and its demand. The data, information and forecasts on the production of passenger water transport are presented for better understanding of the sector in order to enable more efficient transport proposals, according to the characteristics of the waterway and the operating environment. With the evaluation method proposed cost, we found that the cost of passenger waterway transportation in the Amazon is not homogeneous due to the great diversity of vessels operating in each navigation line, and that the optimization of the design suitable for each line can have major reductions in the cost of passenger transported.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Panorama de atuação do Ministério Público Federal em recursos hídricos no Estado do Pará - ocorrências com atividades periciais no período de 2005 a 2018(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-31) SILVA, Benedito Evilázio Lima da; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922This research presents an overview of the environmental performance of Ministério Público Federal (MPF), emphasizing the hydric resources in the state of Pará within 14 years (2005 to 2018). It refers to records (extrajudicial procedures and/or judicial procedures) in which the institutional experts corps developed expert activities. Through quantification, spatialization and grouping of occurrences in pre-established categories distributed in the hydrographic regions of the state of Pará, data collection and organization were performed by surveying the cases in which water resources appeared as the main or related theme, according to data provided by MPF-PA. The data processing was performed with the aid of Excel spreadsheet, QGis software and shp files, where products such as maps and tables related to environmental occurrences with emphasis on water resources were elaborated. The results indicated a total of 104 environmental occurrences that required expert MPF activities. The hydrographic region that presented the highest demand was the Costa Atlântica-Nordeste, followed by Xingu, Portel-Marajó, Tocantins-Araguaia, Baixo Amazonas, Calha Norte and Tapajós. The highest concentrations of occurrences with expert activities were associated with the presence of the capital of the state of Pará (Belém), population density, concentration of municipalities, the Barcarena Industrial District and the Belo Monte hydroelectric project. The category with the highest number of records was saneamento, followed by Empreendimentos e Obras em Área de Preservação Permanente - APP/Terras públicas, Flora/Desmatamento/Degradação and Poluição. The MPF unit that met the most demands was Belém, followed by Altamira, Marabá, Santarém, Itaituba, Paragominas, Tucuruí and Redenção. The study showed how MPF acts on environmental issues in water resources, and how this occurred, specifically, from 2005 to 2018 in the state of Pará.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Proposta de índice de correção de chuva (ICC) aplicável aos projetos de captação e aproveitamento de água pluvial(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-26) CORREA, Jairo dos Passos; FERNANDES, Lindemberg Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4641468846318922The study measure dada of rainfall to determine a rain correction index (rci) applicable in collection projects and rainwater utilization assisted by statistics tests non-parametric, based on assumption that a water line part of rainfall are discarded. The analyses of pluviographic historical set of water lines show that Belem presents large potential to promote rainwater utilization, two periods were identified during the year: a rainier period and a less rainy period. The results present an average of one rainy event per day, from January 2001 to December 2011, around 38% are utilized only to wash the rain water collection system. The Anderson-Darling test revealed the non-adherence of the rain sets in a normal distribution and according to the Mann-Kendall test there wasn’t significant tendency in the evaluated sets. Therefore, after to calculate the effectively rainwater utilization, determination of the rain correction index (rci), the test application of normality and the Kruskal-Wallis variance test, three corrections index that determine the water line effectively usable were proposed: the first during the year (0.78), the second during the most rainy period (0.79) and the third during the less rainy period (0.76).