Navegando por Orientadores "PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bem viver vivido, conquistado e almejado: um estudo sobre comunidades tradicionais que lutam por reconhecimento territorial na Baixada Maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-29) BRITO, Ciro de Souza; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The notion of buen vivir emerges inspired by the knowledge emanating from the ways of life of indigenous peoples of Latin America, being presented by academics and militants as an alternative to the models of achievement of the State based on the hegemonic proposals of development. Since its incorporation into the constitutional order of Bolivia and Ecuador, on the basis of this notion, nature has been elevated to the position of subject of rights, historically occupied only by human beings. In this notion, there is an intrinsic relation between human beings and nature, and a strong linkage of traditional peoples and communities to their territories. In this sense, this dissertation sought to analyze the notion of buen vivir in the light of a land regularization case for traditional peoples and communities in Brazil. It is a claim for regularization as a quilombo by traditional communities of the Sesmaria do Jardim Territory, in the Baixada Maranhense, an area of natural fields that are composed of dry lands and wetlands inserted in the Environmental Protection Area of Baixada Maranhense, which is considered a site under the Ramsar Convention. The research was carried out based on a critical review of the literature in the light of observed and participated empirical processes and by means of action research with the communities involved and with the land agency that formalizes the process of land regularization. The work has a juridical and anthropological approach, has a qualitative character and was carried out from July 2016 to January 2018, with field work in the villages and in the Institute of Colonization and Lands of Maranhão. It was identified a complex link between the process and the form of land regularization with the notion of buen vivir, given the diversity of traditional groups in situation of conflict in common territory. It was learned that, on the same territory, there are groups with different conceptions on how to live on shared lands and water bodies: while self-identified Quilombolas conceive the notion of buen vivir based on commons, while others reject this notion and its consequences. These antagonists, even those with shared ancestrality, do not share the notion of buen vivir based on common use of certain components of nature, because their practices and forms of private appropriation of nature disqualify and are incompatible with this notion. This creates conflicts that have forced traditional communities to mobilize in the face of violations of rights and to find solutions that will allow them to recover the so called time of buen vivir and to guarantee their right to land - dry and flooded lands - that allows their physical and social reproduction. The case investigated showed that buen vivir is constructed from the articulation of specific territorialities, in which distinct conceptions and forms of appropriation of nature can be responsible for breaking the cohesion of community and territory, although the traditional communities can cope with certain degree of dissent based on the right to difference. The study also shows that buen vivir has being built at daily basis, through social and juridical practices that embrace resistance as current practice and freedom as a desired stage. However, buen vivir, in the discourse, is viewed as a potential better future. The research aims to problematize and better qualify who and in what situation subjects have rights to have which rights and the effectiveness of that issue. This dissertation is, therefore, a reading and a reflection about social and localized processes as emerging alternatives for the attainment of lived, participated and conquered buen vivir.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O direito vivo na luta pela terra no Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Virola Jatobá em Anapu/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MENDES, Josilene Ferreira; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
This thesis aims to analyze and describe the different aspects of the concept of “living law”. This concept helps to understand the experiences undertaken by peasant households during the occupation, creation and implementation processes of the Virola Jatobá Sustainable Development Project in the municipality of Anapu, State of Pará, Brazil. During these processes, family units built and added, on the basis of their “living law”, different notions of land rights emanated from their social practices, which are often opposed from those of the formal law. In the process of occupation, the research highlights the social and legal practices of the leaders of social local organizations and the families of the first occupants of the area. By registering these practices, it is possible to abstract the notion of rights to of land for those who work on it. In the process of the formal establishment of the settlement, families began to take command of the PDS, through the constitution of an Association, which could negotiate claims on their behalf with the governmental institutions, particularly INCRA, and thus set up the notion of rights to land for those who work on it with relative authonomy. In the process of implementation of the PDS, families faced the execution of the community-based forest management project, which involved a process of negotiation between the government and families regarding the adoption of new working conditions. In this negotiation, the families built the notion of land rights for those who work on it with authonomy taking care of the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo das práticas de mutirão: transformações no conhecimento em comunidades tradicionais do Vale do Mearim, Estado do Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SOUSA, Elton Rodrigues de; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The mutirao, viewed as set of social practices developed by the peasant families from São Manoel, brings itself the maintenance of social relations expressed in actions of cooperation and help based in principles of reciprocity and solidarity. These practices contributed for that the studied group build new knowledge and transform your reality. This study cross about mutirao practices, emphasizing the transformations in the knowledge of traditional communities from Valley Mearim, Maranhão state. The study object is inserted in discussions about family farming and extractivism in fields of babaçu palm occurrence (Attalea speciosa), and will be treated in the village of São Manoel, municipality of Lago do Junco, microregion of Médio Mearim, Maranhão State. Highlights are the changes in the intrafamily and interfamily work relations and the importance of local collective organization for the maintenance of social community relations. It is observed that even in the face of great social transformations imposed by a hegemonic economic model, the community maintains an interaction that allows the renovation of cooperation activities and help. Studies already indicated, since the decade of 50, the trend of the disappearance of the practices referred as mutirao, however, observed that in the village of São Manoel, these practices have been renewed even with the changes in the socioeconomic organization of families. In this case study aimed to describe and discuss the practices of mutirao both in current times and the past history of the place, bearing in consideration the economic, politic and cultural aspects. Sought to understand how and why this social group, subordinate to hegemonic economic and social model, maintains and renews, through its intrafamily and interfamily relationships, the practice of mutirao. It is worth mentioning that the process of learning resulting from praxis has contributed to the political organization, the construction of spaces of common use and consolidation of the social visibility politics of São Manoel.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mobilidade espacial de agricultores familiares em áreas de assentamento: um estudo de caso no PDS Anapu - Estado do Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-03-24) SANTOS, Ione Vieira dos; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The spatial mobility of family farmers was a key process in the formation of the current Amazonian society, despite the contradictory public policies promoting displacements in the name of a development that never took place as promised. In addressing the issue of spatial mobility of farmers, we consider the history of the Brazilian peasantry, which is the history of struggle for land. In areas of the so-called agrarian reform settlements, it appears that this dynamics, which occurred in the past decades from south to north, in the case of the Transamazonica, it changed, and spatial mobility tends to occur internally, between localities within the region. In the case of the Sustainable Development Project - PDS Anapu and Settlement Expansion Project - PA Itapuama, it was found that access to land has not represented the achievement of the desired relative autonomy, because the conditions offered by the State to the so-called beneficiaries of agrarian reform have not assured the conditions for proper ownership of the land, leading them to new displacements in an attempt to ensure its reproduction as peasants in other spaces. Still, in our research, we conclude that the process of spatial mobility is configured as a reproductive strategy of peasant family, albeit with serious threats to the consolidation of the process of territorialization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As práticas sociais e jurídicas na gestão dos babaçuais como recurso natural de uso comum nas comunidades tradicionais de quebradeiras de coco babaçu: estudo de caso do Povoado Três Poços - MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MONTEIRO, Aianny Naiara Gomes; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The traditional communities of babaçu coconut breakers, in which include those who self- appointed themselves as rural workers, have a differentiated relationship with the natural resources through specific ways of access and use, in order to ensure their reproduction physical, social, material and symbolic. In this relationship, these social groups collectively perform social and legal practices of access, possession and use of natural resources and require State guarantees to carry it out fully. This dissertation deals with the problematic of the existence social and cultural groups differentiated that use natural resources collectively, even after the formal recognition of the communities traditional existence and, therefore, the Brazilian cultural and ethnic plurality, prevails in the Brazilian official right the view positivist and dogmatic among its entrants, hindering the full realization of to live of these groups. In the case of Três Poços community, located at the municipality of Lago dos Rodrigues, in the Maranhão State, it was found that local legal practices are overlapping the official Law, especially regarding the use of private property, in the current local territorialization process. The aim of this dissertation is become visible the existence of own dynamic of these groups, identifying the resignification of the legal instruments actuated, through a truly pluralist analysis of the question.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Quebradeiras de coco babaçu no Médio Mearim, Estado do Maranhão: (re)construindo identidades e protagonizando suas histórias em defesa de patrimônios coletivos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-29) LINHARES, Anny da Silva; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
In the Amazon, the advent of “new” social movements aimed at collective identities have demonstrated changes in the political organization of so-called traditional peoples and communities. After the experience of struggle against the cutting down of babaçu palms trees and the right to land in the late 1980s, mobilized agroextractivist women start to position themselves in the political sphere forming their own representative organizations, claiming rights based on recognition of the intrinsic ways to “create”, to “make” and to “live” of this group and procedurally triggering the collective identity like babaçu coconut breakers. Therefore this master’s thesis aims to analyze the process of (re) construction of collective identity babaçu coconut breakers, checking their association with the establishment of cultural heritage, with an emphasis on its current stage. The research was conducted in the Povoado de Ludovico, located in the countryside of the city of Lago do Junco, State of Maranhão, where it was found that the social and political identity and coconut breakers of the policy is based on the struggle for the preservation of babaçu palm trees and knowledge and inherited doings, which constitute their cultural heritage in the lived experience in the past and present time, the context in which the experience of children and young people, sons and daughters of coconut breakers, are also bringing new questions about the redefinition of collective identity and assets under which it is built.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Quem mora em cima da terra é que tem direito!”: o fim da relação freguês-patrão e as novas relações de trabalho na unidade familiar de produção dos chamados “tiradores de açaí” da Vila Monteiro do Rio Preto, no município de Afuá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BARBOSA, Maricélia Gonçalves; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
This dissertation is about changes in the labor relations within and among family units of production in the traditional communities of the so-called "açaí gatherers". Through local narratives by members of a extense family named “The Monteiro of the black River”, we reconstituted this family trajectory, allouing us to learn about transformations incurred Throughout the years, especially on labor relations. The collected data about their history and social practices help us to examine the struggles for land sights the establishment and recognition of their traditional territories, the constitution of new labor relations and their reflections on their social and political actions, as Well as, on the traditional knowledge that drives this community’s natural resources management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Representações do outro e conflitos no uso da terra: o caso do PDS Virola Jatobá - Anapu / PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-26) BRITO, Arthur Erik Monteiro Costa de; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The main rechearch aims at analyzing conflicts about forms of appropriation of natural resources among peasant families, having as an empirical study the case of the Virola Jatobá Sustainable Development Project (PDS), located at Transamazônica area, Anapu city in State of Pará. Based on empirical data collected in field work, analyzed with the contribution of socio-spatial concepts such as Landscape, Catography and Territory, we tried to highlight the peasant representations about the Other and the causes of the internalized conflict in this rural settlement, focusing on expressed in the Areas of Alternative Use, destined areas to the productive pratices of settled families. As part of methodology for data collection, direct and participant observations were made in the field, semi-structured interviews, field work photographic records. In addition, we collected and analyzed spatial data for the creation of maps by the team of researchers of self-management Project, in wich we participated. As a preliminar result, it could be noted that conflicts between peasants are locally attributed to false dualisms, such a pioneer-novices, agriculture-livestock, and Virola Jatobá Association-Freedom of People Association, on wich diverse meanings and values are created, fragmenting the social relations among the peasant segments of the settlement. As a final result, we see that conflicts have their genesis in antagonisms between social groups with different relations with nature, demonstrating that in the PDS Virola Jatobá there are several territorializations under construction.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“ Roçado vira capoeira! ”: dinâmica das práticas agrícolas de tiradores de açaí no município de Afuá – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) ARANHA, Heldiane Alves; SÁ, Tatiana Deane de Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2118741911414853; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
This dissertation describes and analyzes, through a case study, agricultural and extractive practices performed by riverine communities in the Queimada Island, in the municipality of Afuá, State of Pará, Brazil. The objective is to understand and highlight the articulation of riverine family farming and management of natural resources, through which they seek their physical and social reproduction as Amazonian autonomous peasant communities. We studied three family units of production, whose practices on their small agricultural fields and extractive activities on açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), express local economic rules, which co- exist within hegemonic market economy. Participant and direct observation and open-ended interviews during their daily activities allowed us to record the history of the areas and gave us details about their productive decision-making processes. We also examined the historical and geographical contexts and the social relationships within and among the studied households. The intensification of market demands for açaí promoted not only interference on families’ relations to land, but also on the natural resource management. Despite these interferences, the articulation of farming and extractive activities promoted the diversification of their agricultural slash-and-burn fields, with varied combination of species throughout the seasons. Above all, the results show that, although extraction of açaí became more visible due to regional, national and international market demands, many less visible agricultural practices also ensure the autonomy of this Amazonian peasants community.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Segurança alimentar em projetos de assentamento de reforma agrária com ênfase ambiental: estudo de caso no Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Virola Jatobá, Transamazônica, Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) SANTOS JÚNIOR, Cezário Ferreira dos SANTOS JÚNIOR; SÁ, Tatiana Deane de Abreu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2118741911414853; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
This study intends to understand the food security and environmental issues through the analysis of agricultural practices and forest experiences of farmers, as the food production (for consumption and income) for traditional social groups in the Amazon is an important element for assuring their food assurance. This is because they use the forest and agricultural resources to maintain the family unit. This case study is based on the Sustainable Development Project (PDS) Virola Jatobá, situated in the region of Transamazônica in the municipality of Anapu, State of PA. This form of agrarian reform settlement brings up the emblematic debate connecting environmental, agricultural and forest issues with the possibility to explore legal wood through community forest management. We used the quanti-qualitative method, carrying out data collection through direct and participant observations, interviews and socioeconomic questionnaire. By using them, we could understand the social- productive transformations occurred along the life trajectory of the settlers. The research results point out practices of change on food security due to environmental rules on the traditional systems of production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Territorialidades específicas e mudanças fundiárias: o processo de territorialização dos Monteiro do rio Preto, Município de Afuá, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SILVA, Elton Carlos Garcez da; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The history of predatory exploitation of forest resources and fisheries based in unjust social relations, is not exclusive of the islands that form the archipelago marajoara. This case study in one of the islands that comprise the territory political-administrative of the Afuá, municipality belonging to Marajó, seeks to contribute to the understanding of the process of territorialization and construction of specific territoriality of traditional communities in contexts formalization of relations witch the land and intensification market relations. To do so, we discuss social relationships that result in physical delimitations of land belonging to a collective social group named Monteiro açaí drawers, on Ilha Queimada. These drawers, which historically has been undergoing transformations in the relations between themselves and with other social actors and with nature, have been widely affected by changes in the relationships established with their territories and interferes directly in the process of territorialization and maintenance of their specific territorialities . Initially entered into the system of exploitation of labor based patronage system, currently, these changes are reflected in the process of regularization of the island as agroextractivist settlement project. Research findings indicate that increased market integration mainly through increased sales of açaí has contributed to the territorial reorganization of land occupied by Monteiro and point to new challenges and opportunities front of the formal recognition of their possessions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Tradição, memória e direitos em uma comunidade de quebradeiras de coco babaçu: o caso do povoado Centrinho do Acrísio em Lago do Junco, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) MARTINS, Pedro Sergio Vieira; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
The tradition of babassu nut breaker communities, emanated from both family farming and and breaking of the coconut, is affected and affects several factors, including the various legal instruments over time. The reproductive strategies of these communities and the renewal of their tradition required the redefinition of legal instruments around the regularization and private property. This dissertation presents the complex relationship developed between the community called Centrinho do Acrísio, in the municipality of Lago do Junco, Maranhão, and the State, especially given the legal means of access to land. This study investigates the trajectory of adaptation, transformation and redefinition of the different aspects of this traditional babassu nut breakers community. These processes highlight the shortcomings of monistic and conservative version of Brazilian law, and gives a critical element to the imbalance between positive right and the right that is intended to be a law. No more than that, the renewal of the traditional aspects occurs when communities take on new identities and organizational forms in which conquering the new practice rights