Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307
O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Comunidades tradicionais e unidades de conservação no Pará: a influência da criação da Reserva Extrativista Rio Xingu - Terra do Meio, nos modos e vida das famílias locais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-28) CASTRO, Roberta Rowsy Amorim de; OLIVEIRA, Myriam Cyntia Cesar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0949702419746141Nature, as we see it today, has been shaped by human action. However, these actions in some cases have been destructive, making natural resources scarce. Over time, this exploration model has been questioned, emerging several proposals advocating for the ecological and environmental preservation, many of those, in the Amazon. Among several viable social and environmental alternatives, there were the Extractive Reserves, strongly defended by the Rubber Extracting Workers Movement, originally from the Brazilian state of Acre. Even as an alternative to the devastation of the environment and the local traditional culture, the Extractive Reserves, through the established rules in their Management Plan may, in some cases, unable some of the residents’ actions. Seeking to analyze, as assertive as it may be, this study aims to understand the influences created by the establishment of the Extractive Reserve in the Xingu River, located in an area named Terra do Meio (in a free translation “Middle Land”), in the Brazilian state of Pará, the lifestyle and social practices, management of natural resources adopted by the local families. The methodology used was locus immersion research, divided into two visits, between May and August 2012, where through a pre-formulated script, twenty-three families, residents of the reserve, were interviewed. Concerning the methods used to achieve such goal, there were informal conversations, hands-on observation, and direct observation. It was learned that traditional communities have undergone intense historical processes, many of those shattered by conflicts created by land expropriation and harassment by the local population, which corroborated to the establishment of a protected area. After the establishment of the Extractive Reserve, which has happened rapidly, attempting to cease the extraction of natural resources by external actors, the families have felt safer regarding their permanent stay in the area. However, the rules established in the Management Plan have not entirely been seized by them, which is justified by their non-participation in meetings (40%), miscommunication, once external actors language (managers) is not understood (26%), the passive participation of residents when choosing some of the rules and the existing faults in criteria when voting for counselors, both reported in 17% of the interviews. Even demonstrating misunderstandings about the established rules, most interviewed families (between 65% and 78%) complied to follow the rules. Their statements have been analyzed as an alternative to safe keep their lifestyle; even though they are enforced to comply, some residents report one another, deducting that there has continue to carry out the activities as they did before the creation of RESEX, getting outside the established norms. Besides, as the understanding of the rules was done in diferente ways, this may become their justification for non-compliance. It was learned that the families’ lifestyle, regarding activities has not been significantly altered. However, social relations among communities have been shaken due to the enforcement and misunderstanding of the rules, which was legitimized by the increase and externalization of the arguments and gossiping among residents.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ocupação dos espaços, gestão e degradação das pastagens entre pecuaristas da microrregião de São Félix do Xingu-PA(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-02) CLAUDINO, Livio Sergio Dias; POCCARD CHAPUIS, René Jean Marie; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2908492529201445; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2200-0637; DARNET, Laura Angélica Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3450720474559096; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-9248In many places in the Brazilian Amazon the livestock is a very common activity. In the central eastern part, in the municipalities of São Félix do Xingu and Tucumã, this activity showed an exponential growth, especially from 90 years, where was observed one rapid expansion of pastures and cattle herds. Questions about the role of this activity emerged due to deforestation increase are consequence of the conversion of forests into pastures of low quality. Strong relationship among deforestation, pasture degradation and farmer migration were pointed in the last two decades by scientific works. So pasture degradation can be a key phenomenon in the farmers‘ decision to migrate to new areas. This study aims to analyze in micro region São Félix do Xingu, under the research Network – Geoma, if the pasture degradation causes a new deforestation and as the degradation is influenced by pasture management, herd management. The hypotheses were: i) forms of occupation and management to space are influenced by socioeconomic, environmental and political factors, by the land ownership and by the pastures productivity ; ii) the pastures and herds management practices are the main cause of pastures degradation; and, iii) the new deforestation are influenced by pastures degradation. Interviews done were with 63 farmers from September to December 2008. We use statistical regression models to identify variables that influence the stages of pastures degradation and the variance analysis (ANOVA) for compare the variables independents between the different groups of farmers. The results showed that among all socioeconomic categories of farmers, the forms of space occupation and management and status of pastures are very similar. Distinct socioeconomic categories of farmers are influenced by different factors of pastures degradation. Farmers in socioeconomic disadvantaged situations were mainly affected by external factors such as dry season, attacks by pests. However, unlike the hypothesis proposed, the degradation of pasture does not cause farmer migration and opening new areas. The intensification on pasture management is the strategy adopted by all categories of farmers; especially by the reform of pastures and increase in the number of divisions for reduce the pressure on pastures, the seasonal variation effect on the herds during the year and to make improvements in pastures.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Resistência e expropriação de famílias na Volta Grande do Xingu: o caso de duas áreas atingidas pela barragem de Belo Monte, Pará, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-28) MAIA, Ricardo Eduardo Freitas; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880This study made it possible to detail the mobilization against the construction of Belo Monte Hydroelectric Dam, from two distinct locations in Volta Grande do Xingu. Twenty six interviews have been made from May to July, 2012. The resistance against the construction of Belo Monte Dam spans over two decades, and it has gone through phases where there were position changes of the actors involved regarding the project, including the civil organizations. Regarding the peasants, these changes have dramatically influenced the way the conflict began, especially because their perception of the project depends upon the experience lived in the cited areas. In the municipality of São Raimundo Nonato and on the rural road connecting Ramal dos Penas, the mobilization turned possible due to the fear of changes, such as, losing their land and their production, the changes in their singular social relations grown in the area, the control in food production; however, such resistance emerged especially in those forced to leave the area, and the confrontations have been undermined fundamentally by the rapid social and environmental transformations after the beginning of the construction. In the areas named Ressaca, Garimpo do Galo and Ilha da Fazenda, one may notice that apart from the issues concerning the dam construction, there is the pressure as a result of the implementation of the mining project named Mineração Volta Grande. These expropriation fronts seem to increase even more the conflicts due to the changes in the construction area and the imminent displacement that may occur because of the mining project. Therefore, this study provides elements to the debate over other large investment projects that have undergone project or construction in the Amazon, followed by the peacemaking debate, the irreducibility in the construction, and consequently the natural displacement of residents for the progress and the common good, that overshadows lives and broaden social injustices.