Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307

O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 10 de 10

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A adoção de práticas agroecológicas por camponeses: estudo de caso no oeste maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-24) SÁNCHEZ COUTO, Xoán Carlos; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Agroecology has been defined as a science, a social movement and a set of alternative practices. Here we examine the last two dimensions. In order to study the social organization of Brazilian agroecology we used the political process theory, finding evidence that the Brazilian agroecological movement meets the requirements of this theoretical proposal for being considered as a social movement. In a second paper we focus on the problems surrounding technologies’ adoption by peasants in Western Maranhão. From a systems approach of the farm and through the construction of a typology of the production systems found in this region, we analyze the difficulties related to the adoption of agroecology, seen as a technical change from exogenous origin. Thus, we conducted participant observation, participatory rural appraisal and semi-structured interviews in 38 peasant families in three rural communities. We also explored the opportunity of integration between agroecology and the dynamics of transformation of production systems, as an endogenous innovation process. In the third paper we apply the concepts of strategy and tactics to peasants’ decision making about adoption of agroecological practices. Focusing on those who have chosen the farm diversification strategy, we find a variety of diversification strategies and that criteria used for strategic decision making are different from those applied for tactical decisions. In a fourth paper we try to understand the motivations of family farmers in Western Maranhão to make their productive and technological choices, understanding the historical decisive factors for the differentiation of production systems, which caused only some of them had the opportunity to join the agroecological practices. Through retrospective analysis, we identified two transformation vectors, contributing to family farmers deem different answers to the same influences from the environment. External variables, attached to productive family decisions, influence the historical path of the farms. We found that not always the promotion of agroecology is consistent with peasant families’ logic. However, effective technical support and permanent interest groups about this innovation, perform an environment in which peasants feel more confident to adopt agroecological practices.
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Análise sistêmica da biodiversidade de sistemas agroflorestais (SAF) de agricultores familiares em Tomé Açu, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-30) OLIVEIRA NETO, Mário Morais; GERARD, Blanc Lilian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0310835136618539; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
This research followed the principles of two sciences for the elaboration of this dissertation: a forest ecology and a systemic approach. Seeking to integrate the complexity of family farmers with the richness and floristic diversity of SAF. Aiming, in general, to analyze, from a systemic approach, as possibilities of balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors of Agroforestry Systems (SAF) of family families from Tomé Açu, PA. Thus generating two chapters in the form of a scientific article with the following objectives: to examine the socioeconomic factors that influence the floristic diversity of agroforestry systems (SAF) of family families in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, PA; and analyze how family farmers' practices are able to favor the diversity and floristic richness of agroforestry systems in Tomé Açu, PA. The existence of outlier farmers was found in the correlation analysis, which they are, demonstrated the possibility of a system with high floristic diversity and that is profitable for them. The differential for these farmers reached such a resource that it was reached with a high number of spontaneous species (natural regeneration), but with an even greater number of fruit species for the supri-financial power. A different type of SAF was found, different from the others, called SAF with corridors of natural regeneration. It demonstrates a possibility of a balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors. For, even though it is a highly rich and diverse SAF, in floristic terms, it also provides the means of economic resilience for family members. Thus, the SAF with natural regeneration brokers is recommended for other family farmers who live in situations similar to those used here.
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Comercialização como fator de mudança nas práticas de produtores de leite do município de Paragominas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) SILVA, Rozangela Sousa da; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
The dairy farming dynamics developed in the agrarian frontier in Eastern Amazon, especially the municipality of Paragominas, northeastern region of Pará state, it’s characterized by strong transformations of the natural environment as the sale of land-use rights, the establishment of pastures and the strong migratory influence from the southern and Midwest states of the country. To make the development policy of the Brazilian Amazon integration possible , the municipality of Paragominas comes up with the construction of the highway BR -14 , known as the highway Belém- Brasília, bringing perspectives of road- territorial integration from the Amazon to the other states of the Federation, providing the Amazon occupation. In recent years, however, significant changes are occurring in Paragominas related to the family farming with the implementation of public policies, rescuing the mixed or dairy farming as an alternative to generate significant and regular income throughout the year. The family farmers insertion in the dairy production chain introduces a new marketing logic, and changes to the production systems. These producers will invest in their production continuously, considering more than a food supply to their families or as a living savings. The general objective of this Master's dissertation was to identify and analyze the different ways of dairy production and its influence to the family farmers’ practices from the municipality of Paragominas, in the Pará State. This work was developed over the years 2013, 2014 and 2015 using: secondary data analysis; researching primary information with field surveys and application of questionnaires with semi-structured questions; preparation of typologies; and retrospective interviews based in the Moulin Method (2005), which is the study of rural transformation through the identification and interpretation of technical, economic and social changes occurred in terms of production systems as in the study area. Based on studies conducted about dairy farming with farmers from this municipality, it is found a change caused by these factors in their production systems, leading prospects of better investment, market insertion and improvement of quality of life. This change is due to external factors as migration, the dairy production structure, commercialization of products, and the recent sanitary inspections that occurred in the city
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Desafios e potencialidades de inserção do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) na alimentação escolar no Estuário Amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) VIANA, Antonio Wemerson de Lima; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
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Experiências de recuperação florestal praticadas por agricultores familiares do Nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-28) CARNEIRO, Renan do Vale; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Family farmers in Pará's Northeast traditionally develop forest recovery practices in their lots, and more recently have been adapting them. This research aimed to analyze the experiences that have been carried out by these subjects and understand the major challenges and ongoing processes. Therefore, the research was based on principles of transdisciplinarity and the sys-temic approach, and thus carried out a survey of 60 experiences in four municipalities of the northeastern mesoregion of Pará: Captain Poço, Irituia, Bragança and Tomé-Açu. In the first article, from the realization of a forest recovery typology the peculiarities of these experiences were understood, highlighting the farmers' perceptions and motivations. Thus were found the five main types of forest recovery practiced by the region's family farmers: natural regenera-tion, agroforestry backyard and the three types of agroforestry systems (poorly diversified, diversified and highly diversified). The second article, from field research, spatial analysis and secondary data, verified the integration of the practices that have been carried out by farmers and that possibilized the amplification of forest recovery scales in some specific re-gions, and the public policies that have acted in the region, with greater or less efficiency. The third article analyzes, under a space-time perspective, the diversity of trajectories that involve the processes of forest recovery practiced by family farmers. A pattern was found in the tra-jectories studied, where farmers' production systems initially undergo a process of land use intensification, then reach a crisis peak and, from there, a process of productive diversification begins, in search of the valorization of the already open lands. The results helped to conclude that the forest recovery practiced by family agriculture in the Northeast of Pará has traces of traditional but also innovative practices, thus signaling an ascending scenario of changes. There is also a confluence of motivations, which has encouraged these farmers to develop this type of practice, either through values unique of those subjects or from public performance regarding environmental problems. And so, the local scenario, therefore, inspired by social, environmental and economic paradigms, seems to point new productive paths to the Eastern Amazon.
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A influência da intensificação da produção de açaí (Euterpe oleracea. Mart.) na diversidade de atividades produtivas de ribeirinhos no estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) COSTA, Ana Paula Dias; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Acai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native fruit of the Amazon biome prevalent in the Amazon estuary. Its reach is extending progressively throughout northeastern Pará, especially in areas of floodplain forest. This expansion is driven by recent interest driven by new markets, both nationally and internationally. This situation is leading farmers in river communities to adopt the intensification of açai in order to increase fruit yields. In this context, this research evaluated the influences that the process of intensification in the management of acai is having on the productive diversity of the Amazon estuary. The studies were conducted in the community of Santo Antônio, municipality of Igarapé-Miri, and evaluated productive activities, the system of production, and changes in relation to the diversification of production activities. The research was grounded in qualitative and quantitative approaches. 60 families were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaires, and a retrospective analysis conducted through historical interviews was used to understand the evolutionary trajectory of productive activities in the community and the application of new practices that have benefited from the intensive management of açai. This methodological approach gave rise results indicating that river farmers of the community of Santo Antônio have, over the years, adapted production activities, and that historical processes have favored the development of some activities and the abandonment of others. As market demand has facilitated the expansion and intensification of acai fruit cultivation, there is added value of açaí fruit compared to other production activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As práticas de produção de leite dos agricultores familiares de Paragominas-Pará e as ditas “boas práticas” de produção: caminhos e descaminhos de uma aproximação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) CORRÊA, Cristiane Fonseca Costa; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Studies conducted in the eastern Amazon show milk production relevant to family farming. However, the national dairy sector has undergone profound changes in the aspect of standardization of milk due to international requirements, including generating changes in the Brazilian legislation. These changes eventually push the entire industry, including this region, to meet these requirements as operational standards have been established for the entire production chain, the good milk production practices. In the first article in a systemic approach of the plant and the construction of a typology of production systems found in this region, specifically in Paragominas in Para, we analyze the activities of diversity, the difficulties of adapting the infrastructure issues to best practices; and to move closer towards the establishment level, we made a typology of the practices of family farmers in a theoretical analysis of possible adaptation. Therefore, there were observation, semi-structured interviews with key informants and application of mixed questionnaires to 60 milk producing families in 12 rural communities in the municipality, in order to grasp the main difficulties for milk production in the Amazon region. The second article discusses the influences of good practice for milk production and the difficulties of adapting these procedures the Amazon family farming. We show that the Amazon farmer is characterized by its diversity both productive and social, highlighting the regional differentiation as the application of these procedures and resulting exclusion of ignoring local contexts where they are applied. In the third article, we consider good practice an exogenous innovation and question their contribution to the innovation process of family farmers. Approached compared themes of good practices to practices developed by farmers in the region; and present a path of evolution of one of the communities studied, showing the changes in the production system and practices by important local historical events. We note that the difficulties of adapting to Good practices are beyond the lack of knowledge and lack of resources but in government actions of infrastructure and commitment to the strengthening of family farming. As the most participatory action of support to production agencies.
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“Proteger a mata para o rio não secar”: análise da recuperação de matas ciliares realizada por agricultores familiares às margens do rio Itabocal, Irituia – PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-06) COSTA, Diego de Mendonça; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
On the municipalities of Pará’s Northeast mesoregion, family farmers have been standing out by establishing experiences with forest recovering on their properties. Based on that context, it was aimed to understand how forest recovering of riparian forest has been implemented on their agricultural establishments, considering their importance to the environment and the relation built between those areas, the Amazonian rural populations and their water resources. Hence, the research supports on the principles of systemic approach and of interdisciplinarity. The region of Itabocal, rural area of the Irituia’s municipality, located on the Northeast of Pará, was chosen as sample. In the first paper the processes of forest recovering found on the area’s riparian forest were characterized through a typology developed by field research. Altogether, three main types of recovering were identified, being enrichment of regenerating forest, natural regeneration and agroforestry systems. In the second paper, the socio-productive trajectories that took the farmers to decide on riparian forest recover were investigated, through a space-time analysis. After analyzing how factors that were extern to their agriculture establishments and how those that were intern of their systems influenced them through the years, it was understood that the recover of the areas was mostly caused by the concern with the maintenance of quality, flow and biota of the region’s biggest stream, Itabocal river. With the knowledge of Itabocal river’s importance to the local population, the third paper focused on the impacts suffered on it and the proposition of solutions to control them, based on the socio-spatial analysis built with the farmers. The deforestation of riparian forest, encouraged mainly by landowners, was noteworthy as the most frequent impact. It was also noticed that the river’s management is established on a non-institutional way on the region, generated by the family farmers’ efforts towards its maintenance. The results showed that the Itabocal’s family farmers follow a trend towards the forest recovering and have a well-defined perception over the problems caused by the deforestation of riparian forest. The main obstacles noticed for the recovering of those areas are related to a) the inefficiency of local public power in inspecting and stimulating them, either by proposing legal instruments of incentive or by including the region’s inhabitants on the decision making process relative to environmental conservation; and b) on the absence of certain groups’ environmental consciousness, like landowners, that insist on the riparian forest predatory exploitation. It was accomplished that the relevance of riparian forest recover is tied to the relation that the studied population have with the water.
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"O Que mudou?": estudo das trajetórias dos sistemas agroflorestais no município de Irituia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-18) GALVÃO, Layse de Nazaré Gonzaga Braga; COUDEL, Emilie Suzanne; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3299840369978601; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
This dissertation deals with the trajectories of the production systems of the family farmers who work with agroforestry systems (AFS) in the municipality of Irituia, identifying the internal and external conditions that lead them to introduce/modify the AFS. The question that mobilizes the research is: How did the role of SAFs in family production logics evolve in the municipality of Irituia, Paraense Northeast? The study was carried out in the municipality of Irituia in the year of 2018. In order to understand the changes that occurred in the production system, a multi-scale analysis of the agrarian context and the agricultural establishments was done, based on the systemic focus. For this purpose, the historical interviews, documentary analysis, landscape analysis, questionnaire application and retrospective analysis were used as method and tools. The results are presented in two articles: I – the first identifies the historical events and changes in factors external to the production system that conditioned their transformations for the introduction/ modification of AFS. We found that AFS in Irituia were consolidated mainly by endogenous incentives from local actions that stimulated their expansion/ modification within the production system. Public policies that have occurred in history, such as PROAMBIENTE, PAA and PNAE, social organization and the structuring of municipal infrastructure have stimulated and valued the diversification of AFS and the production system itself. II – the second article analyses the changes that have occurred in production systems over time and the necessary adaptations for introduction/ modification of AFS. We show that farmers tailor their systems according to opportunities, self-interests and family at a given point in history. It can be noticed that the trajectories of the production systems present a period when the farm goes into crisis and, for this and other reasons, the AFS have been gaining space in the family farms and in the municipality. In general, the trajectories oh the production systems comprise phases of transformation, diversification and aggregation of value, both in the AFS and in the production system as a whole. There are sign of forest recovery in the farms by the practice of AFS and conservation of regrowth forests linked to beekeeping. We conclude that the expansion of AFS in Irituia and the diversification of the production system were possible thanks to the structural development, the interests and support of the local power, and the commitment of the farmers. The insertion of AFS in the production systems has led to changes in the trajectory that go beyond the structure of the production system, resulting in the creation of the cooperative, the change of farmers’ relationship with nature and the construction of a new identity.
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Recuperação florestal em açaizais de várzea submetidos ao manejo intensivo no estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-20) CARVALHO, Rosileia da Costa; ALVES, Lívia de Freitas Navegantes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1337509239539346
Forest recovery has been a strategy used by riverside of the Amazonian estuary to recover forests heavily anthropized by the intensive exploitation of açaizais. In this work we seek to identify and analyze the emergence of these forest recovery experiences in the municipality of Abaetetuba. In order to study forest recovery in floodplain areas it was necessary to zonate these experiences, which resulted in 38 experiences identified and distributed in the floodplain region. Identifying its characteristics and nature, thus realizing a typology, which composes the first article of this work. In the second article we focus on analyzing the trajectories of these experiences, starting from a detailed study of an establishment for each type found, understanding the decisive historical factors for the differentiation of trajectories, we also analyze the logics of changes of the practices in the management of açaizais, which sometimes occurs the confluence of several logics, triggered by the riverside for decision making. For that it was necessary to conduct retrospective interviews with the families chosen for the detailed study, totalizing 4 families. We also sought to identify the factors that influenced the conformation of the scenario of forest recovery experiences, among them the allocation of credits to encourage the recovery of forest diversity. In the third and last article we seek to understand how the experiences of forest recovery in the areas of açaizais have reflected in the knowledge and practices of the riverside. We find a variety of strategies used in the management of açaizais that incorporate different levels of knowledge, external variables such as the market and technical assistance influence the changes of these practices and knowledge. We find that not always change of knowledge represents practical changes, since the riverine may not have the resources to carry them out. And that the productive strategies can be constituted of traditional knowledge, as well as of new knowledge.

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