Dissertações em Ciências Ambientais (Mestrado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2855

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Ambientais teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoque e ciclagem de carbono de sistemas agroflorestais em Tomé-Açu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) BRANCHER, Tobias; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
Agroforestry systems (SAFs) constitute an important agricultural practice of land use directed at food production and environmental services. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbon stock and cycling of 4 agroforestry systems (SAF) with different age and species composition, and a secondary vegetation (“capoeira”), in Tomé-Acu, northeast of Pará State, Eastern Amazon. Carbon stocks in soil, litter and aboveground biomass were measured. Carbon flux associated with litterfall and aboveground biomass increment was measured over a year between 2008 and 2009. The SAFs were divided into four categories, called SAF 1, SAF 2, SAF 3 and SAF 4, being (SAF 1: cacau, açaí, bananeira e seringueira, 14 years old, SAF 2: cacau, açaí, bananeira, seringueira, taperebá, paricá e macacaúba, 14 years old, SAF 3: cupuaçu, açaí, teca e mogno, 9 years old, SAF 4:cupuaçu, açaí e paricá, 9 anos years old). In each system we set four plots, where soil and plant samples were collected, including diameter at breast height (DAP) and height (h), which were used to estimate the aboveground biomass. Within plots were installed collectors to measure the deposition of litterfall and sampled soil and litter used to estimate carbon stocks. There was no significant difference between SAFs in relation to soil carbon stock. The SAF 3 was significantly lower than the other SAF in relation to aboveground carbon and SAF 4 had the highest annual litterfall deposition among all treatments. The SAF did not differ in relation to soil and litter carbon stocks. Net primary production reached 2.54, 6.11, 9.54 and 16.27 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in SAF 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The age of the SAFs had no significant effect on the amount of carbon accumulated during one year.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Vulnerabilidade ao fogo de florestas intactas e degradadas na região de Santarém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) COSTA, Carla Daniele Furtado da; PARRY, Luke Thomas Wyn; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3567943056179690; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
The Amazon is constituted today as the largest tropical rain forest remnant and continuous world and home to the largest diversity of plants and animals of all the Earth's biomes, and is critical to maintaining biodiversity. The region has undergone significant changes in recent decades, changes that are resulting mainly from changes in the landscape / vegetation cover, driven by population growth and inappropriate management practices of land, the result of deforestation, fires, changes in agricultural activities, livestock, farm logging, colonization programs, opening of roads and problems landowners. Among these factors, burning and forest fires becomes the most critical problem for the region, for fire management by farmers in most cases is done improperly, escaping control and causing economic damage, social and ecological. Forests that have burned since become more susceptible to new fires, as they become more flammable due to the change in canopy structure, dynamics of relative humidity, air temperature and fine fuel on the forest floor. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the diurnal patterns of flammability of intact and degraded forests in the region of Santarém - PA, area of major changes in land use pattern, with intense agriculture and farming, the region also presents significant number outbreaks of fire. It was observed that intact forests in the region are significantly less flammable than the degraded forests, and edges of degraded forests are more flammable than inside, supported by data on the dynamics of relative humidity and air temperature, humidity and rate of litter opening the canopy. These data were associated with socioeconomic data through interviews, in order to learn how farmers manage the fire, where the results showed that the training of fire management significantly influence the adoption of best practices in use of fire, for example, do not put fire in time critical (between 11 and 15 hours for the study area), making steel, burn against the wind, waiting for the first rain, among others. The size of the property does not significantly influence the proper use of fire, but small farmers are the ones who use it in their productive activities, since this constitutes the cheapest way to clean and prepare the land. In this sense, this paper aims to show the need for investment in research on the flammability of forests, improvement of the analysis of satellites associated with field research as a way to soften and perhaps solve the problem of fires in the Amazon, and contribute to adoption of a policy of encouraging the reduction of burning by farmers, coupled with the use of fire training, access to information technologies and alternatives to fire management.

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