Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344
O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Efeitos de fragmentação de hábitat sobre a prevalência de parasitoses intestinais em alouatta belzebul (Primates, Platyrrhini) na Amazônia Oriental(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-05-17) MARTINS, Simone de Souza; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352Parasitological studies of natural populations of neotropical primates are relatively rare, and few data were available previously for the red-handed howler monkey, Alouatta belzebul. In the present study, populations of A. belzebul were sampled at five sites in the area of the reservoir of the Tucuruí hydro-electric dam in southeastem Brazilian Amazonia, corresponding to the right bank of the Rio Tocantins. Sites included continuous forest and fragments of habitat on islands varying in area from 180 to 484 hectares. A primary aim of the study was the evaluation of the effects of habitat perturbation on patterns of infestation for endoparasites. Population density was estimated at each site using standard line transect surveys of 100-108 km per site. Fecal samples were collected from six to fourteen groups at each site, with a total of 40- 46 individual samples per site (n = 212). Samples were fixed in MIF (Mercury Chromed, Iodine and Formaldehyde), and observed under a 400x optic microscope. Population density varied between 66,4 and 191,5 individuals per square kilometer. Overall, 76,4% of the samples were positive for at least one species of endoparasite, and a total of thirteen species were identified, including eight species of heiminthes and five protozoans. Individual samples contained as many as five different species of endoparasites. At a given site, the number of species identified varied between seven and twelve, and infection rates between 67,5% and 86%. No systematic pattern of parasite diversity or infection rates was found in relation to variables such as population size or density, or habitat fragmentation. Diversity and infection rates varied as much between the two continuous forest sites as among the forest fragments, and were lowest overall at the site with the lowest population density. The only exception was Trypanoxyuris minutus, a common oxyurid transmitted through direct contact, for which a strong correlation was found between infection rates and population density. Overall, little evidence was found to support the hypothesis that habitat fragmentation has a systematic effect on infestation patterns in A. belzebul, although more detailed studies will be recommend before more definitive conclusions can be drawn.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estrutura da comunidade de helmintos parasitos de Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Viperidae) da Amazônia Oriental brasileira(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-05) MOURA, Fred Gabriel Haick de; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-8935-2923; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437Snakes play an important role in the life cycles of a wide variety of parasitic helminths, acting as both definitive and intermediate hosts. Several factors can influence the diversity, composition, and structure of parasite communities associated with these reptiles. Bothrops atrox, a venomous snake belonging to the family Viperidae and widely distributed throughout the Amazon, is of great medical relevance. Despite having a relatively well-documented helminth fauna, gaps remain in our understanding of the parasite-host dynamics involving this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and structure of the helminth community of B. atrox in two localities within the Brazilian Amazon. This dissertation is structured into two chapters. In the first, we present results from a comparative analysis of the helminth community structure in B. atrox from two contrasting Amazonian environments: ombrophilous forest and natural open fields. Our analyses revealed a higher abundance of parasites in hosts from forested areas, and a positive correlation between host body size and parasite abundance. This is the first study specifically dedicated to investigating the diversity and structure of helminth communities in B. atrox across different ecosystems. In the second chapter, we describe a new species of the genus Kalicephalus, based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. This species showed the highest levels of abundance, dominance, and prevalence in forest communities. The chapter also brings new insights into the evolutionary history of the genus, contributing to a better understanding of its diversity and evolution. Thus, our study provides new data for understanding the diversity and ecology of helminth parasites of snakes in the Amazon.