Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 244

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Uma abordagem funcional das savanas amazônicas: atributos de anuros em um mosaico de paisagens naturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) PASCHOALINO, Rosana Campos; PINHEIRO, Leandra de Paula Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1114107627897774; SANTOS-COSTA, Maria Cristina dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
The structure of natural assemblages may result from selection of species and functional traits, according to their tolerance to certain environmental factors, which are related, for example, to vegetation type and water availability, may influencing functional diversity in ecosystems. We investigated the influence of different phytophysiognomies of Amazonian savannas on functional diversity of anurans, in the Carajás National Forest, Brazil. We also investigated a possible divergence of functional traits among the phytophysiognomies due to environmental differences using a null model. Three field expeditions were conducted in 2008 and 2010, during rainy season, dry season and the transition period between rainy and dry seasons. We sampled 32 sample units distributed in three sites: North highland, South highland and Tarzan highland. Each sample unit was distant at least 200 m from each other. Surveys for the presence of anurans were based in active visual and acoustic searches. We calculated functional diversity using the MPD index, considering the occurrence of anurans in each assemblage. Functional diversity of anurans did not differ among the vegetation types. According to null model, there was a functional convergence, that is, the sites are similar in species and functional traits. Our results suggest that despite the mosaic distribution and environmental differences, the landscapes are surrounded by Amazonian savanna matrix, which, due to some factors (historic, spatial, and environmental), did not differ in the functions performed by anurans in each phytophysiognomy. In any case, we found that anurans play important roles in local ecosystem functions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alimentação, distribuição espacial e sazonal das espécies de Arius (Siluriformes : Ariidae) do Estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-08-30) MENDES, Fabrício Lemos de Siqueira; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
The Family Ariidae (Order Siluriformes) contains marine and estuarine catfishes distributed along the coasts of ali the continents, inhabiting tropical and subtropical shores where they live in shallow waters with sandy or muddy bottoms. In the Amazon River estuary in Pará State, Brazil, there are seven species belonging to the genus Anus (A. couma, A. parkeri, A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phrygiatus e A. proops). The aim of this study is to identify feeding preference, feeding overlap, spatial distribution and seasonal distribution of the species of genus Anus (Siluriformes, Ariidae) of the Annazon stuary. Collections were made from August to October 1996, and February to April and August to October 1997. Specimens were captured with bottom nets without escape doors belonging to the piramutaba fishing fleet of the Amazon estuary. There are two species groups in the genus Anus: those that feed on crustaceans (A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phtygiatus e A. proops), and those that feed on fish (A. couma, A. parken). In relation to feeding overlap, ali the species demonstrated a certain degree of feeding overlap, as well as spatial overlap. A. couma and A. phrygiatus. are the most abundant in the 5-10 m depth range and A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A grandicassis and A. parkeri e A. proops in the 10-20 m range. A. phrygiatus is the only species that has a greater abundance during the rainy season, and the other species are present both in the dry as well as the rainy season.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise biogeográfica da avifauna de uma área de transição cerrado-caatinga no Centro-Sul do Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-01-16) SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística de Edessa (Hypoxys) com a descrição de um grupo novo de espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) MENDONÇA, Maria Thayane da Silva; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Genus Edessa has many problems of taxonomy and nomenclature, but to make the revision of the genus in only one study becomes impracticable due to the large number of species (<600 species), so it was proposed to review small groups of species. The subgenus Hypoxys is a monophyletic group according to the single phylogenetic analysis, supported by four synapomorphies. This subgenus of Edessa has 17 described species and more than 40 new species for science, according to an unpublished revision. Thus, this work aims to propose a group of species within Hypoxys, to describe 15 new species, and to make an identification key for them, as well as to run a cladistic analysis to Hypoxys. Thereby, we intend to test the monophyly of Hypoxys and relationship among species with the inclusion of more species and new characters. Thirty-five specimens from national and foreign institutions and private collections were analyzed. These specimens were described, measured and photographed. For the cladistic analysis, a data matrix with 35 taxa and 39 characters was made using Mesquite software, the matrix was calculated in TNT and the cladogram was edited using WinClada. The maximum parsimony was used to run the cladistic analysis. To reduce the final number of trees implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) was used. To verify the values of clade support, the relative bremer support and the symmetric resampling method were calculated. The analysis without implicit weighing resulted in 73 trees with 78 steps, consistency index 57 and retention index 89. The analysis with implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) resulted in 37 trees with 76 steps, consistency index 59 and retention index 90. Tree topology was similar using or not implicit weighing. All resulting trees from relative bremer and symmetric resampling showed high branch support for Hypoxys and the target group. The results corroborate Hypoxys as monophyletic, being formed by three large groups, which share seven synapomorphies and three homoplasic synapomorphies: ventral coloration of the humeral angles of color; scutellum with dark spot in the anterior third present; apex of the dorsal rim fused to the margin of the posterolateral angles; excavation in rounded metapleuron; no roughness of the textured surface of the evaporatorium; presence of the dorsal rim with a thickness variation from the center to the posterolateral angles; format of the straight paramere; presence of a flap in the ventral region of the proctiger; presence of a "carpet of hairs" on the ventral rim; expansion of the ventral rim of the tumid. In addition, the target group has other additional diagnostic features, they are: the posterior region of the hyaline pronotum, brown, extending to the posterior margin of the pronotum; conexivum without stains; two pairs of circular, dark spots on the ventral part of the thoracic surrounded by a greenish ring; ventral region evenly green with a central yellowish color in the abdomen; dark and circular spots next to the pseudosutures; posterior margin of the gonocoxite 8 projected later. The result of the analysis showed the clade Hypoxys as monophyletic, as well as the target group of this work composed by 15 new species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística e descrição de um grupo novo de espécies de Edessa (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Valéria Juliete da; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The suborder Heteroptera, is one of the largest hemimetabolic taxa and currently composed by seven infraorders, 23 superfamilies and 80 families. Pentatomidae is the fourth most numerous and diverse family among heteropterans having 4100 species in 760 genera and seven subfamilies. Edessinae has almost 290 species distributed in six genera: Edessa, Brachystethus, Peromatus, Olbia, Pantochlora and Doesburgedessa. Among these genera Edessa concentrates almost all species as well as most of the taxonomical and nomenclatural problems of the subfamily. Due to its size, the revision is being made in parts, from the study of groups of species united by characteristics that are possible synapomorphies.Thus, the aim of this work is to propose and describe a new group of species based on a cladistic analysis. For the study were examined 114 specimens belonging to national and international collections. Descriptions were made following a traditional method also used for Edessinae. Photos and measurements of the species, line art drawings from metasternal process and genitalia of both sexes, key and distribution map are also provided. For the cladistic analysis 22 morphological characters were raised and polarized using an out group composed of Tibilis sp., Neotibilis fulvicornis, Brachystethus cribrus, Pantochlora vivida, Olbia elegans, Peromatus sp., Doesburgedessa elongatispina, Edessa cervus and Edessa affinis. Analysis was performed using NONA and a single tree with 30 steps, Consistency Index=0,93 and Retention Index=0,97 was obtained. Based on this analysis, the monophyly of the target group of species was confirmed. Thus, the group stolida is here proposed to include four species already described (Edessa stolida (Linnaeus, 1758), Edessa heymonsi Breddin, 1904, Edessa verhoeffi Breddin, 1904 and Edessa paravinula Barber, 1935) and five new species. The group stolida of Edessa is recognized by a protruding process of the posterior side of segment X; medial region of paramere with a triangular projection; absence of a distal band or tuft of hair on segment X; and gonapophyse 8 sclerotized. Species of the group stolida were differentiated only by the external genitalia of both sexes. The cladistic analysis supports the traditional view and the stolida group should be considered part of the subgenus Hypoxys of Edessa. Topology of the cladograma resultant is (Tibilis sp + Neotibilis fulvicornis (Brachystethus cribrus (Pantochlora vivida ((Doesburgedessa elongatispina + Edessa cervus (Peromatus sp. + Olbia elegans)) (Edessa affinis ((Edessa sp. nov 3 + Edessa sp. nov 3a) ((Edessa sp. nov 2 (Edessa verhoeffi+ Edessa heymonsi)) (Edessa stolida (Edessa sp. nov 4 (Edessa paravinula + Edessa sp. nov 5 ))))))))). The female of Edessa stolida and male of Edessa verhoeffi were described here for the first time. The records of species distribution are expanded.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística e descrição de um novo gênero de Edessinae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera e Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-06) NUNES, Benedito Mendes; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística e novas espécies de Grammedessa Correia & Ferandes, 2016 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-26) SILVA, Paulo Augusto Lima da; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
The genus Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 has twelve species and was proposed without a cladistic analysis. The main diagnostic feature for Grammedessa are the black stripes on dorsal side of the head, these stripes are also present in specimens that were not initially considered part of the genus due to the absence of the other diagnostic characteristics of the group. The objective of the present work was to analyze Grammedessa using the cladistic methodology and to test if the initially excluded species would be or not part of this genus. A total of 45 specimens were examined. The descriptions followed pre-established models for descriptions in Edessinae. The cladistic analysis was performed exclusively with morphological characters polarized through the outgroup method, the matrix was composed by thirty-six terminal taxa, twenty-for in the outgroup, twelve in the ingroup, and forty-three characters in its mostly, binary. For the phylogenetic inference, maximum parsimony method was used using heuristic search algorithms, T.N.T. software was used. At the end of the analysis without weighing, eight equally parsimonious trees were obtained (L=108, CI=49 and IR=80); Using implicit weighing (n=6) three more parsimonious trees were obtained (L=109, CI=48 IR=80), and the consensus tree was presented and discussed. The hypothesis that Grammedessa is monophyletic was tested and corroborated by two synapomorphies: the dorsal region of the head with longitudinal stripes formed by spots and punctuation, the posterior side of the proctíger presenting a raised keel; Eight new species were described for the genus; Edessa Botocudo Kirkaldy, 1909 was transferred to Grammedessa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variação morfológica de Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) e Dipsas pavonina Schlegel, 1837 (Serpentes: Colubridae: Dipsadinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) LIMA, Ana Caroline de; PRUDENTE, Ana Lúcia da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1008924786363328
The subfamily Dipsadinae contains about 22 genus of Neotropical fauna and 24 others considered incertae sedis, but with common characters to the Dipsadinae subfamily. The genus Dipsas, Sibon, Sibynomorphus and Tropidodipsas compose the Dipsadini tribe, which is considered a well-based monofiletic group. The tribe is characterized by snakes with a high degree of morphologic specialization, related to the way of feeding and to adaptations to the habitat. The Dipsas genus includes approximately 32 species, distributed from Mexico to South America, it is constituted by thin and elongated snakes, with short and prominent head, great eyes, vertical pupils and absence of mental groove. The species are visible variable in coloration, number of scales and others morphologic characters. This extreme variation has made it difficult to define the limits between the species and to interpret patterns of geographic variation. The great morphologic variation of characters in D. catesbyi and D. pavonina, associate to the difficulty to identify taxons and the lack of information on geographic distributions, justify the necessity of a detailed analysis of these species. For that, the present study was divided in two chapters. The first one corresponds to the analysis of the individual, sexual and geographic variation of D. catesbyi and D. pavonina and a comparison of characters between the two species. The second one corresponds to the analysis of the macrostructure of the cephalic glands in these two species, relating them with others taxons of Dipsadinae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise filogeografica e populacional do gênero Corythopis sundevall, 1936 (Aves: Rhynchocyclidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SOUSA, Shirliane de Araújo; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901
The genus Corythopis, family Rhynchocyclidae, has several taxa whose limits and validity are still doubtful, generating uncertainty about the actual amount of diagnosable evolutionary units within the group. This genus has two species: Corythopis delalandi, monotypic and distributed in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes, and C. torquatus (endemic to Amazonia), in which three forms are recognized, characterized and distinguished from each other by the pattern of shades of brown on the head: C. t. torquatus Tschudi, 1844; C. t. anthoides (Pucheran, 1855), and C. t. sarayacuensis Chubb, 1918. The objective of this study is to reconstruct the temporal and spatial contexts of the diversification of the genus Corythopis, allowing inferences about the evolutionary history and inter and intraespecific boundaries of the group. We performed phylogeographic (ML and IB) and population genetics analyzes based on a mitochondrial marker (ND2), and estimated a species tree for lineages within Corythopis with two nuclear (MUSK and βf5) and mitochondrial (ND2) markers. According to the results observed, there are five main filogroups of Corythopis endemic to the following regions (neotropical areas of endemism): 1- Xingu, Tapajós e Rondônia (north; east of the Jiparaná); 2- Napo; 3- Guiana; 4- Inambari e Rondônia (south, west of the river Jiparaná) e 5- Mata Atlântica. The results of phylogenetic and population genetics analyzes indicated the existence of two reciprocally monophyletic clades supported by high bootstrap support (>80%) and posterior probabilities (> 0.95), thus agreeing with the current taxonomy of the genus Corythopis, which recognizes an Amazonian (C. torquatus) and an Atlantic Forest / Cerrado biological species. The species tree agrees with the other analyzes showing that there are only two reciprocally monophyletic lineages in Corythopis with high statistical support: C. torquatus (F1, F2, F3 e F4) and C. delalandi (F5), reinforcing their status as independent biological species. The biogeographic pattern of separation between the different filogroups of Corythopis in the Amazon is quite different from that reported to date for different lineages of Amazonian birds, whereby the initial separation events involved populations from the Brazilian and Guianan shields.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise morfométrica em cinco espécies do gênero Mabuya Fitzinger, 1826 (Squamata : Scincidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) PINTO, Gabriel Silva; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
The present study has as its main objective to analyse the ontogenetic variation of body shape in the South American skinks Mabuya agi/is Boulenger, 1887; M. bistriata (Spix, 1825); M. guaporicola Dunn, 1936; M. rnacrorhyncha Hoge, 1946 and M. nigropunctata (Spix, 1825). Interspecific differences of body proportions as a possible result of allometric growth in these species are also examined. PCA analysis was used for estimate the both ontogenetic trends and allometric growth. Ontogenetic trend lines were significantly different between M. guaporicola and the others species, and between M. bistriata and M. nigropunctata. Ali of the other pairs showed significantly different Y intercept between each other. Analysis of the allometric coefficients indicates that relative reduction of limbs associated with body elongation in Mabuya guaporicola are due to the reduction of its hands, feet and specially digits; M. rnacrorhyncha presents a high and stout pectoral girdle and its hands show an accentuated reduction; in M. bistriata, its arms are relatively short and its thigh and tibia elongate. M. nigropunctata is the species which the least modified body shape during ontogeny. The association of these results with data on habitats utilized by each species (obtained from the literature) indicates that some morphological specializations found in each species could be explained as functional adaptations to their habitats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aprendizado espaço-tempo no forrageamento de abelhas sem ferrão amazônicas (Apidae, Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) JESUS, Thiago Nazareno Conceição Silva de; VENTURIERI, Giorgio Cristino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7180149611727426; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aptidão reprodutiva e acasalamentos em condições artificiais na abelha sem ferrão Melipona flavolineata Friese (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) VEIGA, Jamille Costa; MENEZES, Cristiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9845970576214577; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos da ecologia do Cuxiú de Uta Hick, Chiropotes Utahickae (Hershkovitz, 1985), com ênfase na exploração alimentar de espécies arbóreas da ilha de germoplasma, Tucuruí-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-14) VIEIRA, Tatiana Martins; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
In 1985, construction of the Tucurui hydroelectric power station flooded 2400 km² of forest, creating hundreds of different sizes, fragmenting the populations of many organisms, including bearded sakis (Chiropoies spp.). The present study took place on the 129-ha Germoplasma island, which is home to a group of Chiropotes utahickae, which currently contains 23 members, studied previously by Santos (2002). The present study aimed primarily to describe certain aspect of the ecology of Uta Hick's bearded saki and to characterize the dietary exploitation of tree species. Data collection was based on monthly samples of eight days, with basic behavioural data being collected in one-minute scan samples at five-minute intervals, supplemented alternately by focal-tree and focal-fruit sampling. The principal behavioural categories were feed, travel, forage, rest and social interaction (containing several subcategories). A total of 11,277 scan sample records were collected, together with 259 focal tree samples, and 711 focal fruit samples, between March and August 2004. Overall, 50.6% of activity time was devoted to locomotion, 31.9% to feeding, 10.6% to rest, 5.4% to foraging activities, and 1.2% to social interactions. The diet consisted primarily of immature seeds (31.7%), immature mesocarp (21.2%), ripe fruit (18.3%), and flowers (14.4%). Comparisons with the results of Santos (2002) indicate a number of seasonal or longitudinal differences. The sakis exploited fruit of 0.4 to 15.3 cm in length, with seeds of between 0.1 cm and 2.3 cm. The sakis were considered to be seed predators for 74.2% of the 31 species analysed, although no significant relationship was found between predation and seed size. Also, no systematic relationship was found between the distance seeds were transported and their size, suggesting the influence of other factors, such as crown dimensions and feeding party size. Twenty years after isolation, the Germoplasma sakis appear to present typical Chiropotes behaviour patterns. Tolerance of habitat fragmentation appears to be supported by the exploitation of specific resources, such as the immature mesocarp of Inga spp. during a period of resource scarcity, and the consumption of Brazil-nut (Bertholletia excelsa) flowers. Flowers appear to be an especially important resource for the sakis of the Tucuruí reservoir (Santos, 2002; Silva, 2003). The present study constitutes an important contribution to the understanding of the species' s ecology, although it is clear that the Tucurui populations require further monitoring in order to provide more detailed information on diet, social organization, and animal-plant interactions, necessary for the development of sound conservation and management strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos ecológicos do bacu-pedra Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) na foz amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BARBOSA, Thiago Augusto Pedroso; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of this study was investigate the ecological aspects related to the rock-bacu Lithodoras dorsalis (Siluriformes: Doradidae) from streams next to the city of Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil. The aspects investigated were: feeding ecology and dispersal of plant diaspores (seeds). The study of feeding ecology and seed dispersal are important because they provide essential information for understanding the relationship between ichthyofauna and environment, allowing the taking of effective measures in the conservation of species and ecosystems. The samplings were carried out monthly from July 2010 to June 2011. In this period, 371 specimens of L. dorsalis were collected and through analysis of the gonads was found that all were immature. The average standard length was equal to 15.40 cm (SD ± 4.87 cm) and average total mass equal to 94 g (SD ± 149.45). The diet of the species was composed by 28 food items (16 allochthonous origin and 12 autochthonous origin) and Lithodoras dorsalis was classified as herbivore with a strong tendency to frugivory due to the high importance of fruits and seeds in your diet. With regard to the intensity of obtaining food by the rock-bacu, there were differences between the pluviometric periods, where the end of the transitional period wet-drought and early drought periods represented the lowest and highest feeding activity, respectively. However, there were no significant difference to the importance of the items consumed between the pluviometric periods, the diet of species was similar throughout the sampling period. About the dispersal of seeds, 268 (74.93%) of 371s pecimens of Lithodoras dorsalis showed fruit and vegetable seeds in their stomachs, the main being the assai Euterpe oleracea Mart., the aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott and the buriti Mauritia flexuosa Mart. For analysis we used the assai seeds Euterpe oleracea Mart. and aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott for reaching enough samples. From the analysis of the digestive tract of the rock-bacu was found that all plant diaspores of Euterpe oleracea Mart. were found intact, with an increase in performance of this plant germination, but this did not occur to aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott, because the digestion process destroyed some seeds. Thus it was concluded that Lithodoras dorsalis is a potential disperser of assai Euterpe oleracea Mart. in the Amazonian mouth, because in addition to increasing the performance of the seeds germination, there is an increase in the amount of fruits and seeds consumed by the individuals with the increasing of their body size. Finally, given the high consumption of material of allochthonous origin for Lithodoras dorsalis, we highlight the importance of riparian vegetation by providing items such as fruit and seeds, essential in the diet of Neotropical fishes and we emphasize the importance of ictiocoria for plants since many have sessile habit of life and cannot move from one location to another without the aid of dispersers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos ecológicos do cachorro-de-padre Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) em igarapés da Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FREITAS, Tiago Magalhães da Silva; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of this study was evaluate the ecological aspects related to relative growth, size at first maturity, reproduction, energy investment, sex ratio and diet of the driftwood catfish Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the rivers of Caxiuanã National Forest, State of Pará, Brazil. The samplings were carried out bimonthly from July 2008 to July 2009. In this period, 625 specimens of A. longimanus were captured, which 338 were females, 251 males and 36 macroscopically undefined individuals. The results indicated a polyphasic growth pattern for both sexes, and the stanza changing point was about 11.5 cm for males and 12.5 cm for females, values close to the estimated size at first maturity (L50). Through the gonadosomatic index (GSI%) was observed reproductive asynchrony between the sexes, where males had higher values of GSI% in January and the females showed a peak in March. We also emphasize the differences in the energy investment patterns between the sexes and maturity, according to Condition Factor (K). In relation to sex ratio, we observed a higher frequency of females at the reproductive period, suggesting a sexual segregation pattern for reproductive purposes, with the possibility of harems formation or reproductive migration. About the diet, A. longimanus was considered omnivorous, tending to insectivorous. However, in March 2009 the catfish A. longimanus was considered frugivorous due to the high consumption of fuits of Virola surinamensis (Myristicaceae). Because of the high occurrence of allochthonous items, this research highlights the importance of the riparian forest as food source for one of the most abundant fish species in the Caxiuanã region. Since the seeds of V. surinamensis remain intact in the stomach, we evaluate the ecological potential of A. longimanus as a seed disperser, checking the seed feasibility after sowing. Thus, we expect to contribute with the ecological knowledge about A. longimanus, the ecology of the Auchenipteridae family, and also the decision-making concerning politic-environmental questions related to the conservation and management of natural fish populations stocks in one of the largest units of conservation in the State of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos reprodutivos de Anableps anableps (Linnaeus, 1758) (Cyprinodontiformes: Anablepidae) no Estuário Amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) OLIVEIRA, Valéria de Albuquerque; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos reprodutivos e alimentares da piranha Serrasalmus gouldingi fink & machado-allison, 1992 (Characiformes: Serrasalmidae) em rios afogados da Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) PRUDENTE, Bruno da Silveira; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The present work aimed to evaluate the reproductive biology, condition factor and feeding ecology of Serrasalmus gouldingi in relation to fluviometric variations of lower Anapu River, in “drowned” rivers of Caxiuanã National Forest, Eastern Amazonia, Pará, Brazil. 275 specimens were bimonthly collected during July 2010 to May 2011 and their total length, total weight, gonad and stomach weight were measured. The gonads were analysed histologically to verify the sex and maturation degree, while the stomachs were evaluated through the identification of the consumed items. The sexual proportion did not differ from 1:1considering the studied period as a whole, however the females were more frequent during the transitional periods of drawdown and filing. The species spawning was “parcelada”, showing two peeks of reproductive activity during the periods which preceded the increase in the local fluviometry. The L50 was estimated in 12.24cm for males and in 16.13cm for females. The species growth was positively alometric, showing a gain of weight in relation to length, and the condition factor, when analysed along the entire sample period, decreased mostly during the spawning. The diet of S. gouldingi was composed of 32 items, grouped in 10 categories. The composition indicated an omnivorous diet with a strong tendency to piscivory, once fish fragments were the most predominant item, followed by fruits and seeds and allochthonus arthropods. The distinct hidrological periods were significantly different in relation to diet composition, although no significant difference was detected among sex and maturation degree. Males and females showed the same variation pattern of repletion index, with a more intense feeding during the increase of the river´s level, while it was less intense during the transitional periods (drawdown and filing). The species also showed some variation in their breadth niche, with lower values during the wet period, attributed to the almost exclusive consumption of fruits and seeds.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atributos funcionais como características distintivas de comunidades: o que diferencia anuros do Cerrado e da Caatinga?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01) SANTOS, Mayra Caroliny de Oliveira; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Environmental conditions influence the distribution of organisms and modify functional characteristics. These characteristics may be morphological, behavioral, and physiological with a function. We evaluated the taxonomic and functional diversity of anurans in Cerrado and Caatinga environments in Piauí, Brazil. The anurans were collected in Floriano Municipality in the Cerrado area with cerradão phytophysiognomy and in Alvorada do Gurguéia municipality in the Caatinga with a arboreal caatinga phytophysiognomy. The sampling method was visual encounter and acoustic survey between January and April of 2018. We established six plots at least 500 meters distant between them in each location. The species composition was verified by PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis. For functional diversity, it was used the Rao’s quadratic entropy. The RLQ and the fourth-corner method related the traits to the environmental characteristics. The results showed separation and difference in the composition of the species according to the different areas. Cerrado and Caatinga phytophysiognomies showed differences in functional diversity values of anurans. Cerrado area had relation with the temperature and precipitation and the Caatinga area with the litter. The anuran composition was affected by environmental variables, but the influence on functional traits composition was not significant. Then, the composition was influenced by the environment and the distinctions between phytophysiognomies, such as the rainy season and quantity of microhabitats, were important for the differences in functional traits of anurans species, and consequently on functional diversity
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das comunidades de formigas em uma área de extração madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-07-30) KETELHUT, Suzana Maria; HARADA, Ana Yoshi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4410204692155098
This work presents a comparative study of ant fauna communities inhabiting in a primary tropical forest and two types of logging systems (Managed and Traditional) located in Paragominas, PA, Brazil. From each area, ants were sampled using pitfall traps (Majer & Delabie 1994) in six 200m transects separated from each other by 100m. Differences in ant fauna diversity in the three forest types were tested using índices of diversity (Shannon, Simpson and Fisher's Alpha) and richness estimates protocols (Colwell Coddington 1994). Species composition was evaluated through affinity analysis (Scheiner 1992) and indices of similarity (jaccard and Morisita-Horn). A total of 134 ant species belonging to seven subfamilies and 42 genera were identified in the entire area. From these, 90 species were found in Primary Forest, 90 in Managed logged forest and 84 in the Traditional logged Forest. Differences between habitats could be detected by comparing diversity and similarity indices in different transects/habitats. There were no differences in índices when absolute values were compared for each habitat. Results from richness estimate protocols indicate that ant fauna was similar between habitats and suggests that ant fauna diversity was underestimated. Periodic variations on pluviosity had a strong effect on diversity and richness estimates in the three forest types. The ant fauna composition was similar between habitats; however, a high mosaic diversity could be detected by using affinity analysis, suggesting that the ant community is composed of complex gradients. Thus differences in ant composition would be detectable at smaller scales.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de cinco métodos de captura de lagartos em diferentes ambientes na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) RIBEIRO JÚNIOR, Marco Antônio; ÁVILA-PIRES, Teresa Cristina Sauer de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263