Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Uma abordagem funcional das savanas amazônicas: atributos de anuros em um mosaico de paisagens naturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) PASCHOALINO, Rosana Campos; PINHEIRO, Leandra de Paula Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1114107627897774; SANTOS-COSTA, Maria Cristina dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
The structure of natural assemblages may result from selection of species and functional traits, according to their tolerance to certain environmental factors, which are related, for example, to vegetation type and water availability, may influencing functional diversity in ecosystems. We investigated the influence of different phytophysiognomies of Amazonian savannas on functional diversity of anurans, in the Carajás National Forest, Brazil. We also investigated a possible divergence of functional traits among the phytophysiognomies due to environmental differences using a null model. Three field expeditions were conducted in 2008 and 2010, during rainy season, dry season and the transition period between rainy and dry seasons. We sampled 32 sample units distributed in three sites: North highland, South highland and Tarzan highland. Each sample unit was distant at least 200 m from each other. Surveys for the presence of anurans were based in active visual and acoustic searches. We calculated functional diversity using the MPD index, considering the occurrence of anurans in each assemblage. Functional diversity of anurans did not differ among the vegetation types. According to null model, there was a functional convergence, that is, the sites are similar in species and functional traits. Our results suggest that despite the mosaic distribution and environmental differences, the landscapes are surrounded by Amazonian savanna matrix, which, due to some factors (historic, spatial, and environmental), did not differ in the functions performed by anurans in each phytophysiognomy. In any case, we found that anurans play important roles in local ecosystem functions.
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Análise cladística de Edessa (Hypoxys) com a descrição de um grupo novo de espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) MENDONÇA, Maria Thayane da Silva; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Genus Edessa has many problems of taxonomy and nomenclature, but to make the revision of the genus in only one study becomes impracticable due to the large number of species (<600 species), so it was proposed to review small groups of species. The subgenus Hypoxys is a monophyletic group according to the single phylogenetic analysis, supported by four synapomorphies. This subgenus of Edessa has 17 described species and more than 40 new species for science, according to an unpublished revision. Thus, this work aims to propose a group of species within Hypoxys, to describe 15 new species, and to make an identification key for them, as well as to run a cladistic analysis to Hypoxys. Thereby, we intend to test the monophyly of Hypoxys and relationship among species with the inclusion of more species and new characters. Thirty-five specimens from national and foreign institutions and private collections were analyzed. These specimens were described, measured and photographed. For the cladistic analysis, a data matrix with 35 taxa and 39 characters was made using Mesquite software, the matrix was calculated in TNT and the cladogram was edited using WinClada. The maximum parsimony was used to run the cladistic analysis. To reduce the final number of trees implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) was used. To verify the values of clade support, the relative bremer support and the symmetric resampling method were calculated. The analysis without implicit weighing resulted in 73 trees with 78 steps, consistency index 57 and retention index 89. The analysis with implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) resulted in 37 trees with 76 steps, consistency index 59 and retention index 90. Tree topology was similar using or not implicit weighing. All resulting trees from relative bremer and symmetric resampling showed high branch support for Hypoxys and the target group. The results corroborate Hypoxys as monophyletic, being formed by three large groups, which share seven synapomorphies and three homoplasic synapomorphies: ventral coloration of the humeral angles of color; scutellum with dark spot in the anterior third present; apex of the dorsal rim fused to the margin of the posterolateral angles; excavation in rounded metapleuron; no roughness of the textured surface of the evaporatorium; presence of the dorsal rim with a thickness variation from the center to the posterolateral angles; format of the straight paramere; presence of a flap in the ventral region of the proctiger; presence of a "carpet of hairs" on the ventral rim; expansion of the ventral rim of the tumid. In addition, the target group has other additional diagnostic features, they are: the posterior region of the hyaline pronotum, brown, extending to the posterior margin of the pronotum; conexivum without stains; two pairs of circular, dark spots on the ventral part of the thoracic surrounded by a greenish ring; ventral region evenly green with a central yellowish color in the abdomen; dark and circular spots next to the pseudosutures; posterior margin of the gonocoxite 8 projected later. The result of the analysis showed the clade Hypoxys as monophyletic, as well as the target group of this work composed by 15 new species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística e descrição de um novo gênero de Edessinae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera e Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-06) NUNES, Benedito Mendes; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e hábito alimentar de Dendrophryniscus minutus (Melin, 1941)(Amphibia : Bufonidae) na Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06) TRAVASSOS, Alessandra Elisa Melo; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study examined reproductive characteristics, nutritional status and feeding habits in the litter anuran Dendrophryniscus minutus through individuals collected in the Estação Cientifica Ferreira Pena, Caxiuanã National Forest from April 1997 to April 1998. In a sample of 166 specimens were measured snout - vent length (SVL), mass of fat bodies, diameter, mass and number of ova in females and testis volume in males. The feeding habit in this species was also determined through analyses of stomach contents. Population structure showed a pattern with most adult individuals, including gravid females, in the rainy months, and juvenile recruitment in the beginning of the dry season. Similarly, the diameter and mass ova in the mar', used as indexes of gonadal development stage, were greater in the rainy season. Among males, the biggest testis volume also appeared in february and april, but there was no evident pattern of correlation to rainfall. Food consumption also did not show any pattern in variation along months and it was not correlated to fat mass. Fat bodies measurements were positively correlated to ova development in females indicating that fat accumulation and gonadal development may occur simultaneously. The diet in specie was composed for ants, termites and mites, terrestrial invertebrates in a great number in a litter in the studied area.
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Caracterização da comunidade de quirópteros (Mammalia) em áreas naturais e manejadas da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, PA - Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2000-12-01) SALDANHA, Nélio; MARQUES-AGUIAR, Suely Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8269757332399292
Bats represent 25% of the mammal World fauna, being the most diversified and abundant mammals in the Neotropical region. About 128 species of bats have been recorded only in the Brazilian Amazonia. They possess a great morphological variability that allows them to occupy different trophic niches in an ecosystem. Bats play an important role on the maintenance and regeneration of the ecosystems they live, being efficient in seed dispersal, pollination, and biological contral of insects. They also constitute good bioindicators for the status and dynamics suffered by those ecosystems. The present study aims to characterize the batfauna of primary forest, secondary forest, and a selective logging experiment areas at the Tapajós National Forest - PA, Brazil. The levels of impact by the logging and by the secondary forest areas on the bat community were then compared to the primary forest controls in each habitat and in its microhabitats; or physiognomies: understory matrix, natural gaps, logging gaps, and wood storage decks. Comparisions were conducted trough analysis of distribution, diversity, relative abundance, number of species, and guild densities. The samples constitute 55 species, most of them frugivorous, and pertaining to six families. Concerning to the number of bat species and their diversity, the logging area exhibits some impact, but not so accentuated as the secondary forest area. Comparison among habitats suggests that the secondary vegetation provides a higher bat density. However, this vegetation structure benefits only a few species. Frugivores/omnivores and aerial insectivores bats are the most succeed guilds in secondary vegetation. Comparison among physiognomies have suggested that the understory bats avoid opened spaces in the vegetation. Succession stages observed hem show dynamics that need a periodic monitoring, so that a more realistic model could be designed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e diversidade de serpentes em um mosaico de habitats no município de Urbano Santos, Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-04-15) LIMA, Jucivaldo Dias; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study presents results of a year of field observations on the snake fauna sampled in a habitat mosaic ecompassing flooded and non-flooded forest types, eucalyptus plantations and open vegetation areas, at Urbano Santos, Maranhão State of Brasil. The area is covered by Savanna vegetation and the climate is tropical megathermical, with annual rainfail around 1800mm. The yaer of study (2001) was drier than average rainfall (1197.5mm). Sample were made from January to December 2001, during 24 field trips, lasting for days each 15 day period. Sampling effort was 768h/oberver including diurnal and nocturnal visual search. Each habitat was sampled by randorn linear transect chosen by chance. During the study, 114 snakes belonging to six families, 27 genera and 32 species were captured. For each species data smout-vet length, ativity period, juvenile presence, spatial distribution and microhabitat are presented. Among the 32 species registred, six were new record for Maranhão State (Apostolepis cearensis, Helicops leopardinus, Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Psomophis joberti, Waglerophis merremíí e Micrurus ibiboboca). Among the species registered, 40.1% were arboreal, 25.0% were subterraneous, 21.9 % terrestrial and 12.5% aquatic, even though some species occupied more than one microhabitat. Most species occurred in flooded and non-flooded forests, and open vegetation areas. In general, similarity between habitats was low; only the non-flooded forest, and open vegetations areas shared more than 60% of species. Estimates of species richness according to various estimators, indicated that the number of species observed was lower than expected, varying between 38 (bootstrap) and 58 (Chao 2). Compementarity between the habitat showed more similarity between flooded and non-flooded forest to open vegetation area. The sanke fauna in the area appears to be most similar to that recorded from the Ceará State mountaing range. The results represent the first contribution to the knowledge of the snake diversity in the region and offer first data for future projects on monitoring snake fauna and habitat status in the area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, distribuição, utilização de ambientes e variação sazonal na densidade de quelônios aquáticos do Lago Verde, Alter do Chão, Santarém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) LEITE, Rachel Ullmann; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição, riqueza e abundância de espécies de anfíbios na região do médio rio Xingú
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) LIMA, Amanda André; GALATTI, Ulisses; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040132527458660
This study aimed to identify the amphibian fauna of different habitats in the region of the Middle Rio Xingu. We selected six sites, with samples taken from three breaths, between November 2007 and March 2008, totaling 48 days. We identified six types of habitats in the region: terra-firme forest, seasonally flooded forest (lowland), banks of the river, "pedral”, pond area and area with antropic disturbance. For data collection were used two field sampling methods: pitfall traps with drift fences and visual surveys. The traps were installed only in areas of terra-firme forest, while visual survey was employed in all types of habitats identified. The sampling resulted in the record of 56 species of amphibians and eight species were identified and recorded in previous studies in the area. Species diversity and richness were higher in Caracol site, where the predominance of the terra-firme forest was observed, and lower in the Ilha Grande, which is dominated by seasonally flooded forest. Nine reproductive modes were recorded in the study area, all found in the terra-firme forest and only three in the "pedral" which may reflect the low environment heterogeneity of this area. Two tests of similarity were performed to compare study sites, one for each method of collection. Similarity analysis of the data from visual surveys showed more similarity for species composition between areas of terra-firme forest than the other habitats. Cluster analysis between this study and other surveys conducted in the Amazon grouped the study area to another area also located in the Middle Xingu.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunidade de Curculionidae (Coleoptera) de inflorescências da palmeira Euterpe longebracteata Barb. Rodr. em uma área de transição Amazônia-Cerrado, Mato Grosso, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009-10-30) GUIMARÃES, José Raimundo Rocha; VALENTE, Roberta de Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9638288458835324
The research was done with the community Curculionidae inflorescences of the palm Euterpe longebracteata in riparian areas (PPAs), degraded and preserved, in Tanguro Farm, Mato Grosso, Brazil, aiming to provide inputs on policy management and recovery areas. The weevils represented the most important component of the fauna associated with the inflorescences of the E. longebracteata, with 23 species richness, frequency of 97% in the samples and abundance of 10,000 (or 90% of total abundance). Species Phyllotrox sp. 18, Phyllotrox sp. 19, Erirhininae gen.n.Asp.1 , Erirhininae gen.n.Esp.1 and Bondariella sp. 3 accounted for more than 98% of abundance, were found to be dominant in the inflorescences of E. longebracteata and therefore specifically related to the palm and can act as effective pollinators species of the E. longebracteata in the area. Despite the differences between PPAs preserved and degraded populations of E. longebracteata and species composition of Curculionidae were not correlated with the level of degradation of PPAs. The wealth of Curculionidae also not correlated with canopy cover, distance to the edge of the sample, size of inflorescences and number of flowers per inflorescence of E. longebracteata. The influence of collection period on the abundance of most dominant species was regarded as indicative of population dynamics and ecological succession. While Phyllotrox sp. 19, seems to present a pattern of aggregate distribution. Species Phyllotrox sp.18 and Erirhininae gen. No The sp. 1 were considered as having plenty more sensitive to degradation of PPAs. The palm E. longebracteata has potential use in the recovery of degraded areas of Tanguro farm because their populations and species of Curculionidae likely pollinators showed tolerance to the observed degradation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consumo de proteína animal em aldeias de terra firme e de várzea da terra indígena Uaçá, Amapá, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005) VON MÜHLEN, Eduardo Matheus; SILVEIRA, Ronis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7214125748792946
I studied the animal protein consumption in seven terra firme villages and eight várzea villages in the Terra Indígena (TI) Uaçá, using daily consumption calendars between April and June 2004. The TI Uaçá is localized in the Oiapoque city limits, extreme north of Amapá state, and has borders with the Cabo Orange National Park, the Ti Juminã and TI Galibi. Approximately 4.500 indigenous people from ethnic groups Palikur, Karipuna and Galibi-Marwomo tive in the TI. The arta is about 470.164 ha of wide seasonally fiooded fields (várzea), terra firme forests and small arcas of unfolded savanna. During the study period, which corresponded to the high water season, 243 calendars were dispensed in 83 houses of terra firme villages and 160 houses from várzea. Each calendar was composed with animal figures that represented the different sources of animal protein, and the inhabitants participating in the project were requested to mark what they consumed every day. Only the 55 calendars from terra firme villages and 113 from várzea that had more than 40% of the days with registers were used in the analyses. Games animal meat and fish were the major sources of animal protein for the inhabitants of both areas. The people consumed little commercialized foods such as chicken meat or comed beef. However, they ate more of this type of food in terra firme villages than in várzea villages. Mammals was the vertebrate class most consumed in terra firme villages, followed by reptiles and birds. In várzea villages, no significant differences were observed between mammal and reptile consumption, which were both used more often than birds. Ungulate was the most importa.nt vertebrate group for TI Uaçá inhabitant's diet. They were the most consumed in terra firme villages and jointly with crocodilians the most consumed also in várzea villages. This study will be the base for a future elaboration of a fauna management plan in the TI Uaçá, which is highly important for inhabitants' feeding habits.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição ao conhecimento da fauna anofélica antropofílica da Praia da Saudade na Ilha de Cotijuba - Belém - Pará: uma área endêmica da malária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-04-11) GUIMARÃES, Delma Gomes; MASCARENHAS, Bento Melo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3279744837272788
In spite of its localization near the city of Belém, Pará, Cotijuba Island has been the site of outbreaks of malaria during recent years, especially in the months of April and May. The island is part of an archipelago at the southern margin of Marajó Bay, located 29 km from Belém, as an island portion of the municipality of Belém. The island has a total area of about 60 km² and 20 km of beaches that correspond to about 66% of the total area. Because of the epidemic, it tias become necessary to identify the anopheline species that are the malaria vectors on the island. From 2002 to 2004 periodic collections were made of mosquito larvae and adults, and their breeding sites were located and characterized. Larvae were collected with dippers, while adults were collected manually in individual tubes from human volunteers. Two collections were made of adults in forested areas, one collection during the dry season and the other during the rainy season. Each collection was made during a continuous 24 hour period. Six bi-monthly collections were made near residents' houses, each lasting 6 hours. Both in the forest and near houses, only two species of anophelines were found to bite people, Anopheles (Nyssorhynchus) aquasalis and Anopheles (Anopheles) intennedius. A. aquasalis was more common near houses, whereas A. intermedius was more common in the forest. Most of the island's malaria cases were found to occur two months after the beginning of the rainy season, in the month of May. On all of Cotijuba Island there are four lakes that are possible anopheline breeding sites, and Gabriela Lake is the principal breeding site, responding for 42% of the malaria cases on the island during 2003. Climatic conditions, the resident population's behavior and housing, and the lack of resources for effective vector control, among other factors, favor the continual presence of malaria on Cotijuba Island.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e comparação morfológica da terminália feminina das espécies de Agromyzidae (Diptera: Opomyzoidea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-10) MONTEIRO, Nilton Juvencio Santiago; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
Agromyzidae is a family of phytophagous flies with great morphological similarity. The male terminalia is the main structure that helps in the identification of the species. However, the female terminalia has been largely neglected by most of the works until now. In this study, the female terminalia of 27 species in 9 genera of Agromyzidae (Japanagromyza Sasakawa, Melanagromyza Hendel, Calycomyza Hendel, Galiomyza Spencer, Liriomyza Mik, Nemorimyza Frey, Phytoliriomyza Hendel, Phytomyza Fallén, Pseudonapomyza Hendel) have been described which were deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) and in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). Female abdomens were cleared in 10% KOH, dissected and the female terminalia were drawn using a microscope with camera lucida. The shape of the ninth abdominal segment, the spermathecae and the number of marginal cerdae were important characteristics to identify each species. The shape and length of the egg guides were useful to identify both subfamilies of Agromyzidae (Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae). Some considerations about similar characteristics have been based in hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationship among genera of the family Agromyzidae. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful for the identification of female specimens from now on.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento do dimorfismo sexual em espécies de macacos-prego, gênero Cebus Erxleben, 1777 (Primates, Cebidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MIRANDA, Cleuton Lima; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The studies on sexual dimorphism available in the scientific literature have shown that Cebus apella is the most dimorphic species within the genus Cebus. However, it is worthy to say that several species of Cebus currently recognized were previously considered subspecies of C. apella, and were grouped as one single species in the studies mentioned above. This is not the case for the present report, in which I recognize six species previously assigned to C. apella. Additionally, most studies on sexual dimorphism in Cebus were based only on adult specimens, assuming that individuals exhibit no more growth after reaching complete permanent dentition. The lack of studies that take into account young or subadult specimens may result in a deficient knowledge about the origins of sexual dimorphism, because different ontogenetic processes may be related to the development of sexual dimorphism, all of them leading to similar results in adult specimens. Considering the issues mentioned above, the aims of the present study are to assess the sexual dimorphism in the skull and in the development degree of head tufts through different ontogenetic stages in six capuchin monkey species, all of them assigned to the subgenus Sapajus (Cebus apella, C. macrocephalus, C. libidinosus, C. cay, C. nigritus e C. robustus), and to evaluate the existence of taxonomic variation in the development and the amount of sexual dimorphism found. I examined 774 specimens housed in Brazilian institutions. I measured 20 cranial variables, examined 12 qualitative cranial characters, and established four character states for the development degree of the head tufts. I used the Student t Test with Bonferroni adjustment to evaluate the sexual dimorphism, and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) followed by the Discriminant Analysis (DA) to test the statistical significance among the age classes herein recognized (infants, juveniles, subadults, and adults; the latter group was divided in AD1 and AD2 in C. apella). The results show that sexual differences in the skull of species of Sapajus can be found in subadult specimens (ca. 3.5 years old), of which the most conspicuous is the length of the upper canine. In this life stage, the sexual differences are not statistically significant. In adult specimens (ca. 5 years old), most cranial variables showed significant sexual dimorphism. The number and composition of the dimorphic variables varied among the different species included in this study. The species with more dimorphic variables were C. apella and C. robustus (N=15), followed by C. nigritus (N=13), C. libidinosus (N=10), C. cay (N=7), and C. macrocephalus (N=3). Different from previous studies available in the scientific literature, which states that sexual dimorphism in the skull of Cebus (Sapajus) arises in young specimens (ca. 27 months old), my results showed that a significant sexual dimorphism in this subgenus appears only in adult specimens. My results suggest that the heterocronic process of the hipermorphose rate is the main cause of the sexual dimorphism pattern exhibited by Sapajus. The species of capuchin monkeys included in this study exhibited different degree of development in the head tufts. In general, the development degree of this character in Cebus (Sapajus) is related to the age class to which the specimen belongs. Moreover, there is no sexual dimorphism in this character in C. cay, C. robustus, and C. nigritus. By contrast, female specimens of C. libidinosus appear to exhibit more developed head tuft than male specimens. Finally, my results suggest that the species of capuchin monkeys analyzed herein may have experienced different kinds or intensities of selective pressure relative to sexual dimorphism during their evolutionary history.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de alguns parâmetros da biologia reprodutiva e produtiva da paca fêmea (Agouti paca Linnaeus, 1744) criada em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002) LAMEIRA, Ana Paula Guimarães; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
This work had the objective of estimating basics reproductive characteristics of Agouti paca reared in captivity, the determination of the oestrous cycle period, gestational period, parturition interval, first postparturition oestrous, number of offsprings and sexual proportion. The observations were done using a colony of 13 caged animais in the Biotério of Universidade Federal do Pará, and the data were obtained with colpocitological techniques. These results indicate that this specie is polyestrous with continous reproduction. The oestrous cycle was categorized in four phases: proestrous, oestrous, metaestrous and diestrous, and its period was 32,5 ± 3,69 days (n = 20). As for the gestation period, two results were obtained: a) 147, 5 ± 2,83 days (n = 2) for females that had its last oestrous registered with sperm presence and, b) 146,7 ± 6,43 days (n = 3) for females that had just the last oestrous before the parturition. New borns were observed and weights and sexes were registered. Their weight was 605,9 ± 87,47 g (n = 12) for females and 736,7 ± 108,41 g (n = 14) for males. At birth the youngs are quite developed and soon show active movements, opened eyes, body completely covered by hair, and a capacity to eat solids within two days. From 38 births occurred at Biotério, all of them are single, although the A paca is been able to produce more than one offsprings per parturition. The parturition interval was 187,3 ± 8,48 days (n = 15) and within 35,6 ± 5,22 days (n = 5) occurred the first oestrous postparturition. These results can be used as basic orientation to future works with proposes to study reproductive parameters from selvage animals using biothecnology. In addition to, the application of an appropiate management in A. Paca creation, can become in the future, aliment qualified source and lucrative source too. Furthermore, it can give guaranty of species conservation yet.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de puberdade em cutias (Rodentia:Dasyproctidae) criadas em cativeiro, através da quantificação das células espermatogênicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-05-02) FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
The main objective of this work is to determine the period when puberty and sexual maturity occurs, thus classify the stages of seminiferous epithelium cycles (SEC), the relative frequency of the stages and compute the spermatogenesis efficiency. 7 groups with ages ranging from 4 to 17 months old were used, divided in the following way: G1 (4 and 5 months, n= 4), G2 (6 and 7 months, n= 4), G3 (8 and 9 months, n= 4), G4 (10 and 11 months, n= 3), G5 (12 and 13 months, n= 4), G6 (14 and 15 months, n= 3) and G7 (16 and 17 months, n= 2). The Testis samples were obtained by castration under anesthesia and their Testis samples, after biometrics, were fixed in ALFAC during 24 hours; after that, the samples were submitted to routine histological processing, the tissues obtained then stained in HE. The phases of reproductive development were determined by qualification of spermatogenic cells from 10 cross sections of the seminiferous circular boundary tubular/animal, which were in the stage 1 of SEC, previously characterized by the tubule morphology method, and which presented eight SEC stages. From 20 cross sections of the seminiferous circular tubules/animal that did not present complete spermatogenesis. To determine the relative frequency, 100 cross sections of the seminiferous tubules per animal, that had attained puberty were analyzed. The body and testis weights presented a high significative correlation with age and correlated significantly between themselves. The body and weights testis biometrics increases significantly (P<0.05) until the phase of beginning of sexual maturity. The analyzed groups were classified as pre-pubescent (G1), pre-puberty (G2), puberty (G3), post-pubescent 1 (G4), phase post-pubescent 2 (G5 and G6) and adult (G7). The puberty was reached with 8-9 months. Cell population observed in this phase was significant to the others (P<0.05) from the post-pubescent 1 on it was observed a non significative increase (P<0.05) until the beginning of the sexual maturity, nearby the 16 17 months. The spermatogenic cells presented high significative correlation with testis weights. The tubule diameter increases significantly (P<0.05) among the groups, corresponding to the enlargement of the cells in its interior. This result presented a high significative correlation with testis weights. After 1600 analysis of seminiferous tubules of eight stages characterized by the tubule morphology method, the most frequent inside the seminiferous tubule was 5 followed by 2 and 1, respectively, namely, these stages were founded in 21,2%, 18,8% and 16,8% of the tubules analyzed. After group of stages frequencies, the post meiotic phase, had a higher frequency, and it was not significant to the others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico da pesca no litoral paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-02) SILVA, Bianca Bentes da; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dieta e uso de hábitat por Physalaemus ephippifer (Steindachner, 1864) (Anura: Leptodactylidae) na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) RODRIGUES, Lenise Chagas; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dieta, área de uso e transporte de girinos de Ameerega trivittata (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Dendrobatidae) em uma região de floresta de terra firme na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) LUIZ, Luciana Frazão; OLIVEIRA, Selvino Neckel de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1315649023145433; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimorfismo sexual em espécies de macacos-aranha, gênero Ateles É. Geoffroy, 1806 (Atelidae), com distribuição amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) MONTEIRO, Dijane Pantoja; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
The study of the secondary sexual differences in spider monkeys (Ateles É. Geoffroy gender, 1806) has shown controversial results, mainly concerning the body weight. Results range from positively dimorphic, where males are larger than females, to negatively dimorphic, with females larger than males. However, it is known that the group presents the lowest degree of dimorphism amongst the Atelid species. Considering that sexual differences related to body mass directly influence on the skull measurements of the individual, comparisons have been made from 25 skull measurements and 03 body measurements from three species of primates of the Ateles gender with Amazon distribution, A. paniscus, A. marginatus and A. chamek. Samples of adults from three Brazilian museums were used. There were not samples enough from species A. belzebuth for the performance of the analysis. Besides the morphometric analyses, it was performed an age comparison as for the size of the white hair stripe on the face of the A. marginatus. Skull measurements have been compared between sexes through multi-varied analyses, (analysis of the main-ACP components and discriminator-AD analysis), whilst the measurements of the body and the frontal spot have been compared through the ANOVA. The A. marginatus species did not present sexual differences in the pattern of distributions of the white hair on the face, but it seems to be influenced by aging. For the measurements related to the body, only the species A. paniscus and A. marginatus presented samples enough to the performance of statistical analyses. For both species it was not observed differences between sexes, except as for the length of the tail of A. paniscus, which was negatively dimorphic. However, such a result may be the reflex of mistakes at the measurement of the individuals at the moment of data collecting. To the skull and jaw measurements, all species presented few dimorphic variables, but, as for the size of the canine tooth, the differences between males and females were highly significant. Other measurements which were recognized as dimorphic were those ones related to the masticator apparatus. Considering that these structures participate directly on the relationships of competition and hierarchy, the low degree of sexual dimorphism associated to the Ateles gender may be the result of its social system of the fission-fusion type. A comparison has been performed with literature data about chimpanzees that pursue the same system of social organization, but present more dimorphism. It was verified that differences of the foraging, organization and use of the habitat by the females may determine a differentiated growth of the males and, consequently, have influence in the degree of dimorphism presented by these species. In spite of being considered, in the present study, as a monomorphic group, the sexual differences in Ateles seem to be more evident at the sub-adult age. Hence, it is necessary an ontogenetic study that shall perform a better refining for the adult class in order to determine, approximately, in what period of the life cycle of these primates such a differentiation occurs and what ecological or behavioral factors may be associated to this characteristics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimorfismo sexual quanto ao tamanho em três espécies de sabiás amazônicos (Aves: Passeriformes: Turdidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-11-28) SOUZA, Suely Basilio de; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
Three species of Brazilian thrushes replace one another ecologlcally along the primary and secondary forests of the Eastern Amazonian Region, Turdus T fumigatus and T. leucomelas. These three species are monochromatic, i. e., me and female have similar plumages. Whether these species are monomorphic (i.e., if males and females are of similar size) or not has not been previously investigated. Studies in Mexican forests indicated that some monochromatic birds from the Neotropical Region are in fact cryptically dimorphic, i. e., males and females differ statistically in size when suitable statistic techniques are appiled. This work has three main objectives: (a) to evaluate the pattern of sexual dimorphism in size in T. albicollis phaeopygus, T. fumigatus fumigatus and T. ieucomelas albiventer, (b) to contribute to the study of the sexual dimorphism in size of Neotropical monochromatic birds, and (c) to provide subsidies for evolutionary and ecological studies on the genus Turdus, and also on the family Turdidae as a whole. The working hypothesis here was the three species of Turdus studied would be cryptically dimorphic in a pattern similar to the passeriform forest birds previously studied in the Mexican forests. Of the three species studied, two were found to be monomorphic (T. f fumigatus and T. a. phaeopygus) and one cryptically dimorphic (T. 1. albiventer). In the only cryptically dimorphic species, males differ significantly from females in the length of the wing, tad, tarsus and fourth toe claw. However, a reliable sexual identification cannot be performed from the discriminant linear function obtained. The reason the three species of Turdus are monomorphic or cryptically dimorphic may be associated with their pre-reproductive behavior. During the mating season. vocalization seems to be more important to attract females and for territorial defense than plumage or size. Thus, there is a strong selective pressure for vocalization of males and weak or non-existent pressure for body size. It is suggested that more research for the evaluation of sexual dimorphism in other species of Turdus and. a phylogenetic analysis of this large genus are indispensable in clarifying the evolution of patterns of sexual dimorphism in thrushes.