Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Alimentação, distribuição espacial e sazonal das espécies de Arius (Siluriformes : Ariidae) do Estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-08-30) MENDES, Fabrício Lemos de Siqueira; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
The Family Ariidae (Order Siluriformes) contains marine and estuarine catfishes distributed along the coasts of ali the continents, inhabiting tropical and subtropical shores where they live in shallow waters with sandy or muddy bottoms. In the Amazon River estuary in Pará State, Brazil, there are seven species belonging to the genus Anus (A. couma, A. parkeri, A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phrygiatus e A. proops). The aim of this study is to identify feeding preference, feeding overlap, spatial distribution and seasonal distribution of the species of genus Anus (Siluriformes, Ariidae) of the Annazon stuary. Collections were made from August to October 1996, and February to April and August to October 1997. Specimens were captured with bottom nets without escape doors belonging to the piramutaba fishing fleet of the Amazon estuary. There are two species groups in the genus Anus: those that feed on crustaceans (A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phtygiatus e A. proops), and those that feed on fish (A. couma, A. parken). In relation to feeding overlap, ali the species demonstrated a certain degree of feeding overlap, as well as spatial overlap. A. couma and A. phrygiatus. are the most abundant in the 5-10 m depth range and A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A grandicassis and A. parkeri e A. proops in the 10-20 m range. A. phrygiatus is the only species that has a greater abundance during the rainy season, and the other species are present both in the dry as well as the rainy season.
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Aptidão reprodutiva e acasalamentos em condições artificiais na abelha sem ferrão Melipona flavolineata Friese (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) VEIGA, Jamille Costa; MENEZES, Cristiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9845970576214577; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3815182976544230
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Aspectos da ecologia do Cuxiú de Uta Hick, Chiropotes Utahickae (Hershkovitz, 1985), com ênfase na exploração alimentar de espécies arbóreas da ilha de germoplasma, Tucuruí-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-14) VIEIRA, Tatiana Martins; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
In 1985, construction of the Tucurui hydroelectric power station flooded 2400 km² of forest, creating hundreds of different sizes, fragmenting the populations of many organisms, including bearded sakis (Chiropoies spp.). The present study took place on the 129-ha Germoplasma island, which is home to a group of Chiropotes utahickae, which currently contains 23 members, studied previously by Santos (2002). The present study aimed primarily to describe certain aspect of the ecology of Uta Hick's bearded saki and to characterize the dietary exploitation of tree species. Data collection was based on monthly samples of eight days, with basic behavioural data being collected in one-minute scan samples at five-minute intervals, supplemented alternately by focal-tree and focal-fruit sampling. The principal behavioural categories were feed, travel, forage, rest and social interaction (containing several subcategories). A total of 11,277 scan sample records were collected, together with 259 focal tree samples, and 711 focal fruit samples, between March and August 2004. Overall, 50.6% of activity time was devoted to locomotion, 31.9% to feeding, 10.6% to rest, 5.4% to foraging activities, and 1.2% to social interactions. The diet consisted primarily of immature seeds (31.7%), immature mesocarp (21.2%), ripe fruit (18.3%), and flowers (14.4%). Comparisons with the results of Santos (2002) indicate a number of seasonal or longitudinal differences. The sakis exploited fruit of 0.4 to 15.3 cm in length, with seeds of between 0.1 cm and 2.3 cm. The sakis were considered to be seed predators for 74.2% of the 31 species analysed, although no significant relationship was found between predation and seed size. Also, no systematic relationship was found between the distance seeds were transported and their size, suggesting the influence of other factors, such as crown dimensions and feeding party size. Twenty years after isolation, the Germoplasma sakis appear to present typical Chiropotes behaviour patterns. Tolerance of habitat fragmentation appears to be supported by the exploitation of specific resources, such as the immature mesocarp of Inga spp. during a period of resource scarcity, and the consumption of Brazil-nut (Bertholletia excelsa) flowers. Flowers appear to be an especially important resource for the sakis of the Tucuruí reservoir (Santos, 2002; Silva, 2003). The present study constitutes an important contribution to the understanding of the species' s ecology, although it is clear that the Tucurui populations require further monitoring in order to provide more detailed information on diet, social organization, and animal-plant interactions, necessary for the development of sound conservation and management strategies.
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Aspectos ecológicos do bacu-pedra Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) (Siluriformes: Doradidae) na foz amazônica, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) BARBOSA, Thiago Augusto Pedroso; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of this study was investigate the ecological aspects related to the rock-bacu Lithodoras dorsalis (Siluriformes: Doradidae) from streams next to the city of Abaetetuba, Pará, Brazil. The aspects investigated were: feeding ecology and dispersal of plant diaspores (seeds). The study of feeding ecology and seed dispersal are important because they provide essential information for understanding the relationship between ichthyofauna and environment, allowing the taking of effective measures in the conservation of species and ecosystems. The samplings were carried out monthly from July 2010 to June 2011. In this period, 371 specimens of L. dorsalis were collected and through analysis of the gonads was found that all were immature. The average standard length was equal to 15.40 cm (SD ± 4.87 cm) and average total mass equal to 94 g (SD ± 149.45). The diet of the species was composed by 28 food items (16 allochthonous origin and 12 autochthonous origin) and Lithodoras dorsalis was classified as herbivore with a strong tendency to frugivory due to the high importance of fruits and seeds in your diet. With regard to the intensity of obtaining food by the rock-bacu, there were differences between the pluviometric periods, where the end of the transitional period wet-drought and early drought periods represented the lowest and highest feeding activity, respectively. However, there were no significant difference to the importance of the items consumed between the pluviometric periods, the diet of species was similar throughout the sampling period. About the dispersal of seeds, 268 (74.93%) of 371s pecimens of Lithodoras dorsalis showed fruit and vegetable seeds in their stomachs, the main being the assai Euterpe oleracea Mart., the aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott and the buriti Mauritia flexuosa Mart. For analysis we used the assai seeds Euterpe oleracea Mart. and aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott for reaching enough samples. From the analysis of the digestive tract of the rock-bacu was found that all plant diaspores of Euterpe oleracea Mart. were found intact, with an increase in performance of this plant germination, but this did not occur to aninga Montrichardia linifera (Arruda) Schott, because the digestion process destroyed some seeds. Thus it was concluded that Lithodoras dorsalis is a potential disperser of assai Euterpe oleracea Mart. in the Amazonian mouth, because in addition to increasing the performance of the seeds germination, there is an increase in the amount of fruits and seeds consumed by the individuals with the increasing of their body size. Finally, given the high consumption of material of allochthonous origin for Lithodoras dorsalis, we highlight the importance of riparian vegetation by providing items such as fruit and seeds, essential in the diet of Neotropical fishes and we emphasize the importance of ictiocoria for plants since many have sessile habit of life and cannot move from one location to another without the aid of dispersers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos ecológicos do cachorro-de-padre Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) em igarapés da Amazônia Oriental, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) FREITAS, Tiago Magalhães da Silva; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099
The aim of this study was evaluate the ecological aspects related to relative growth, size at first maturity, reproduction, energy investment, sex ratio and diet of the driftwood catfish Auchenipterichthys longimanus (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae) from the rivers of Caxiuanã National Forest, State of Pará, Brazil. The samplings were carried out bimonthly from July 2008 to July 2009. In this period, 625 specimens of A. longimanus were captured, which 338 were females, 251 males and 36 macroscopically undefined individuals. The results indicated a polyphasic growth pattern for both sexes, and the stanza changing point was about 11.5 cm for males and 12.5 cm for females, values close to the estimated size at first maturity (L50). Through the gonadosomatic index (GSI%) was observed reproductive asynchrony between the sexes, where males had higher values of GSI% in January and the females showed a peak in March. We also emphasize the differences in the energy investment patterns between the sexes and maturity, according to Condition Factor (K). In relation to sex ratio, we observed a higher frequency of females at the reproductive period, suggesting a sexual segregation pattern for reproductive purposes, with the possibility of harems formation or reproductive migration. About the diet, A. longimanus was considered omnivorous, tending to insectivorous. However, in March 2009 the catfish A. longimanus was considered frugivorous due to the high consumption of fuits of Virola surinamensis (Myristicaceae). Because of the high occurrence of allochthonous items, this research highlights the importance of the riparian forest as food source for one of the most abundant fish species in the Caxiuanã region. Since the seeds of V. surinamensis remain intact in the stomach, we evaluate the ecological potential of A. longimanus as a seed disperser, checking the seed feasibility after sowing. Thus, we expect to contribute with the ecological knowledge about A. longimanus, the ecology of the Auchenipteridae family, and also the decision-making concerning politic-environmental questions related to the conservation and management of natural fish populations stocks in one of the largest units of conservation in the State of Pará.
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Avaliação das comunidades de formigas em uma área de extração madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-07-30) KETELHUT, Suzana Maria; HARADA, Ana Yoshi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4410204692155098
This work presents a comparative study of ant fauna communities inhabiting in a primary tropical forest and two types of logging systems (Managed and Traditional) located in Paragominas, PA, Brazil. From each area, ants were sampled using pitfall traps (Majer & Delabie 1994) in six 200m transects separated from each other by 100m. Differences in ant fauna diversity in the three forest types were tested using índices of diversity (Shannon, Simpson and Fisher's Alpha) and richness estimates protocols (Colwell Coddington 1994). Species composition was evaluated through affinity analysis (Scheiner 1992) and indices of similarity (jaccard and Morisita-Horn). A total of 134 ant species belonging to seven subfamilies and 42 genera were identified in the entire area. From these, 90 species were found in Primary Forest, 90 in Managed logged forest and 84 in the Traditional logged Forest. Differences between habitats could be detected by comparing diversity and similarity indices in different transects/habitats. There were no differences in índices when absolute values were compared for each habitat. Results from richness estimate protocols indicate that ant fauna was similar between habitats and suggests that ant fauna diversity was underestimated. Periodic variations on pluviosity had a strong effect on diversity and richness estimates in the three forest types. The ant fauna composition was similar between habitats; however, a high mosaic diversity could be detected by using affinity analysis, suggesting that the ant community is composed of complex gradients. Thus differences in ant composition would be detectable at smaller scales.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia reprodutiva e alimentar de Liophis reginae semilineatus (Wagler,18424) e Liophis taeniogaster jan, 1863 (Serpentes, Colubridae, Xenodontinae) da Amazônia oriental, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) CASTRO, Luiz Paulo Printes Albarelli de; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento alimentar do Cuxiú-Preto (Chiroptes Satanas) na área de influência do Reservatório da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-03-21) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
Constructed in 1985, the Tucuruí hydroelectric power station created a 2430 lun2 lake (3°43'-5°15’S, 49°12'-50°00'W), and restricted populations of the southem bearded saki (Chiropotes satanas), an endangered primate, to a series of islands and other habitat fragments. This study took place at two sites on the lake's right bank, one in continuous forest (T4) and the other on a small island of 16.3 hectares (Su), with groups of 34 and seven sakis, respectively. The principal objective was an evaluation of the influence of habitat fragmentation on the sakis' foraging behaviour. Basic data were collected in one-minute scan samples with a five-minute interval, whereas foraging behaviour was recorded in greater detail in focal-tree samples, and behavioural sampling. Basic behavioural categories were locomotion, rest, forage, feed, and social interaction, with a number of subcategories. Between July and December 2002, 3503 scan records were obtained for group T4, and 835 for group Su. 'The activity budget of T4 was 55.8% locomotion, 21.7% feed, 16.1% rest, 3.6% forage, and 2.8% social interactions. Feeding was recorded at a similar proportion (22.4%) for Su, although this group spent significantly less time in locomotion (45.9%), and more at rest (27.0%). A major difference was also found in the number of plant species exploited for the dietary resources, 40 for T4 (Arecaceae being the most important family) but only 22 for Su (Lecythidaceae), although no significant difference was found in the diversity of their diets. The composition of their diets was significantly different, however, the major item for T4 was immature seeds (the mesocarp of palm fruits was also important), whereas the consumption of flowers — practically all from the species Alexa grandiflora (Leguminosae) — was very frequent in Su. The differences between groups seem to be at least partly related to that in their home ranges, which was 68.9 hectares for T4 and only 16.3 ha (the whole island) for Su. Aspects of the behaviour of group Su members, such as increased rest and feeding on flowers, may reflect the effects of habitat fragmentation on their ecology, with negative implications for the group's long term survival. It is hoped that these results will make a significant contribution to the development of effective conservation strategies at this endangered primata as well in the fragmented landscape of eastern Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento alimentar e dispersão de sementes por guaribas (Alouatta belzebul) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (Caxiuanã / Melgaço / Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-04-13) SOUZA, Luciane Lopes de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The behaviour of two free-ranging groups of red-handed howler monkeys (Alouatta belzebul) was monitored at the Ferreira Penna Research Station (Pará) over' a thirteen-month period in 1997/98, in order to record their ecological characteristics, especially their diet and seed dispersal. Quantitative behavioural data were obtained using instantaneous scan sampling. Invariably, the howler monkeys were relatively inactive, dedicating more than half their activity time to resting, and much smaller proportions to locomotion, feeding and social behaviour. Use of the home range was strongly influenced by the distribution of food patches, in particular fruiting trees. The diet was basically folivorous-frugivorous, although fruit was the item consumed most frequently (54.1 % of feeding records for the principal group, denominated "L") in the "winter" months (November-April), whereas leaves were consumed far more frequently (84.5 %, group L) in the "summer" (May-August). Seeds took 22:49±6:12 h, on average, to pass through the digestive tract, and ingested seeds were dispersed a mean distance of 172,0±113,8 m, although this distance was significantly greater in the winter. Germination rates recorded in tests in both field and laboratory were inconclusive on the effects of ingestion on viability. The germination rate of ingested seeds was significantly greater than the control (uningested) in only a few cases, such as that of Ficus guianensis, the principal source of fruit. Even so, ingestion did not have a marked negative effect on viability in any case. Overall, the present study reforces the view of A. belzebul as a typical howler monkey, ecologically, albeit relatively frugivorous, and playing a important role as a seed disperser in the Amazon Forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento e dieta de Chiropotes albinasus (I. Geoffroy & Deville, 1848) - cuxiú-de-nariz-vermelho
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SILVA, Rafaela Fátima Soares da; PERES, Carlos Augusto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9267735737569372; VEIGA, Liza Maria; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4423233175920315
The red-nosed cuxiú, Chiropotes albinasus, is a poorly understood neotropical primate that is listed at ‘Threatened with Extinction’ by the IUCN. The current study was conducted on a group of C. albinasus at RPPN Cristalino, MT, Brazil. Activity budget, use of space and feeding ecology were studied using Simultaneous Scan methods. The study group was monitored for six months (two months in the rainy season, four in the dry season). The behavioural categories Moving, Feeing and Paused accounted for 81.17% of the activity records. Most activity was recorded in the middle strata of the forest (between 16 and 20m). Diet was principally frugivorous (82.52%), but invertebrates were also eaten. Representatives from some 18 plant families were consumed. Arrabidaea spp. and Brosimum latescens were the taxa most commonly consumed. During the dry season there was an increase in the consumption of such nonfruit items as invertebrates and flowers. Group size varied between 1 and 19 throughout the study. The sex-ration of groups also varied greatly. Parental care was observed by male C. albinasus, as well as interspeciic agonistic interactions between the cuxius and Ateles marginatus and between Sapajus apella.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comportamento e dieta de um grupo de macacos-aranha-da-cara-branca, Ateles marginatus (É. Geoffroy, 1809), no sul da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-17) SOARES, Paola Cardias; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The distribution of precipitation over the months, influences on annual distribution of food resources and how these resources can be found in an environment causes primates to adopt different strategies in order to gain access to them. In our study, we evaluated the variations in behavior and diet of the white whiskered spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) at the Cristalino Private Reserve. The primates were followed and behavioral and diet data was systematically collected over nine months, between September 2011 until May 2012, through the scan sampling method. The variation concerning activity budget, use of space and diet was analyzed for three periods characterized by distinct rainfall amounts (early rains, rainfall peak and transition from rain to drought). At the peak of the rains, the primates apparently maximized its energy consumption, moving more (43.8%) so as to have more access to fruits, which were probably more available in the environment, eating more fruits (96.5%) and resting less (18.5%). Upper height classes (>20 to 30 meters) were most widely used during periods of rain, both at the beginning and in the peak, at least in part as a way to shelter from the rain and the ranging area and daily journey lengths were higher at the early rains period. There was a predominance of females in the subgroups, with males being more recorded (36.2%) at the beginning of the rainy season, probably to copulate, an activity that had most of their records occurring in one month (December) for that same period. Largest subgroups were recorded during periods of increased precipitation, and smaller sub-groups in drier times seem to be part of the strategy to avoid intraspecific competition. The diet was mostly frugivorous, being distinguished in the transition from rain to drought, not only by the lower contribution of ripe fruits (54.3%) as well as the contribution of young leaves (35.8%), when compared to the other two periods, when ripe fruits composed more than 70% of the diet. Diet diversity of ripe fruit was concentrated in a small number of key species of fruit trees and the fruits used to be swallowed whole, with the disposal of seed being unusual and occurring only for few species. Seeds ingested passed intact by the digestive tract of spider monkeys and caterpillars’ consumption was limited to a short period of time, constituting an alternative source of protein. Alternative items like decaying wood and earth from termite nests in months of low rainfall seem to complement the diet at the same time that also supply the primates’ diet with nutrients such as sodium, calcium and phosphorous, which are less present in ripe fruits, and the consumption of Eichhornia sp., although little recorded, suggests that these aquatic plants are important nutritional content in the diet of these primates. High frugivory of spider monkeys and their ability to disperse intact seeds away from the parent plants, reinforce its importance in the regeneration of forests and justify their conservation and their habitats. Information regarding the behavioral ecology and diet of these primates, though basic, are pioneering and essential to understand the adaptive strategies of the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia alimentar de Saimiri sciureus cassiquiarensis (Lesson, 1840) (Primates, Cebidae) em florestas de várzea da Amazônia central brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-12) ARAUJO, Michele; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia comportamental de Alouatta belzebul (Linnaeus, 1766) na Amazônia Oriental sob alteração antrópica de hábitat
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-14) CAMARGO, Carolina Cigerza de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The behavioural ecology of two groups of red-handed howler monkeys (Alouatta belzbul) was monitored ou Gennoplasma island (Tucuruí, in the Brazilian state of Pará), between April and September 2004. The two study groups were of similar size and composition, but inhabited different forest types: native forest (group P) and a plantation of native tree species (group Q). Quantitative behavioural data were collected in three-minute scan samples conducted at ten-minute intervals. "AH events" sampling was used to record rare activities such as social and interspecific interactions. Resting was the predominant activity in both groups (P: 67.3%; Q: 61.9%), followed by feeding (P: 15.7%; Q: 21.4%), and locomotion (P: 15.8%; Q: 15.5%). The proportions of the first two categories were significantly different. The diet of both groups was folivorous-frugivorous, supplemented mainly by flowers. No significant seasonal variation was recorded in the diet of either group. The groups occupied home ranges of similar size (P: 5.25 ha; Q: 5.50 ha), although group P travelled 612 m ou average per day, as against 541 m for group Q. Both groups used preferentially their "original" habitat (group P: native forest; group Q: plantation), and the uppermost forest strata. Interspecific interactions were pacific, and social interactions were rare. The results of the present study present greater similarities with those of A. belzebul studies carried out in fragments of Atlantic Forest than at other Amazonian sites (continuous forest). This suggests that habitat disturbance may be a more important determinant of behaviour patterns than the characteristics of the biome. Overall, the results of the present study conicide with the typical Alouatta patterns of behaviour described in the literature.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia de cuxiús (Chiropotes Satanas) na Amazônia oriental: perspectivas para a conservação de populações fragmentadas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-10-04) SANTOS, Ricardo Rodrigues dos; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
Found throughout much of Brazilian Amazonia, the bearded sakis (Chiropotes albinasus and Chiropotes satanas) are primates specialised for seed predation. In order to delineate activity patterns and the exploitation of dietary resources, two social groups (10 and B4) of C. satanas were monitored between July and November, 2001, at the reservoir of the Tucurui hydroelectric power station in the state of Pará. Group 1G (C.s. utahicki), with 24 members, occupies an island of 100 ha, whereas group B4 (C. s. satanas), with 27 members, inhabits an area of continuous forest, both protected by Eletronorte S.A. Quantitative behavioural data were collected in scan samples, with a 5 min interval, collected continuously during five days per month. Complementary observations were recorded in ad libitum fashion throughout the study period, which started in April. A total of 5490 reords were collected for group 1G (only the feeding behaviour of group B4 was analysed here), distributed between feeding (58,8%), locomotion (30,8%), rest (9,5%) and other activities (0,9%). These proportions varied considerably between months. One hundred and ten plant species were exploited by the sakis. As expected, seeds were the main dietary item in both cases (group 1G: 75,6%, n = 2721 records; group B4: 49,6%, n = 1865). Remaining dietary items included flowers, fruit, leaf shoots and the mesocarp of palm fruits, although insectivory was not observed. Similar variation in the consumption of different items was observed in the two groups between September and November. Taxonomic diversity of the diet of group 1G was greater than that of B4, as was its home range (100 vs. 57 ha). No systematic variation was found in foraging party size. The results of the study indicate that the remnant populations of bearded sakis in the region's fragmented landscape have good long-term potential for conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia trófica e espacial de Dendropsophus melanargyreus (Cope, 1887), D. minutus (Peters, 1871) e Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) (Anura: Hylidae) em um fragmento Florestal na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-20) BARROS, Rafael de Assis; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Three key factors determine the main niche of the species: diet, use of space and time. The trophic and spatial niche show an important role in the reproductive success of frog species than cohabit restricted environments as temporary ponds. The target species of this study are common in temporary ponds in areas of urban fragments located in the eastern Amazon region. With this, our main objective were analyse how three species of sintopics hylids, share the trophic and spatial resources among themselves, and what mechanisms are used to avoid potential competition. For this, we use different measures and diet analyses and habitat use, and test whether the species are sensitive to environmental and structural factors in ponds where they occur. None of the factors (diet, use of space, influence of environmental factors) was limiting to the coexistence of the species, due no there are negative interaction between them. The studied hylids utilized several strategies than help reduce overlap among the species, how the use of different microhabitats, perches at different heights, ponds with different depths, using different degrees of food importance to items shared by species and the use of unique food items of each specie. In addition, environmental and structural factors of microhabitats, influence directly the abundance of two of the species studied, regulating their population size and auxiliary in their reproductive period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia, comportamento e associações poliespecíficas do macaco-de-cheiro (Saimiri sciureus), Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MAGALHÃES, Tatyana Pinheiro; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do estado reprodutivo e do sexo no comportamento agonístico do ciclídeo amazônico Mesonauta insignis (Hackel, 1840)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-03) SARMENTO , Carolina Gomes; CARVALHO, Thaís Billalba; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1241979155542999; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Agonistic behavior among animals is a tool to establishing social and regular hierarchy. Reproductive success is closely related to the level of aggressive behavior exhibited during the reproductive activity. Aggressiveness may be manifested in a context of competition by means of fight or conflict in the dispute over access to food, shelter or sexual partners. These disputes include offensive fights with assessment, direct agressions, body injuries and defenses. The present study aims to investigate the effect of reproductive state and sex on the agonistic behavior of the Amazonian cichlid Mesonauta insignis. Initially we describe the patterns of agonistic behavior exhibited by adult fish of the species and evaluate the dynamics of their agonistic interactions (Chapter 1). We also aim to compare the aggressive displays of Mesonauta insignis adults in reproductive and non-reproductive state. In addition, we compare the aggressive interaction of females and males and analyzed the effect of the opponent's gender on the tactics of fights used in aggressive intrasexual and intersexual encounters of Mesonauta insignis adults (Chapter 2). An etogram was prepared, composed of eight agonistic behavioral units that were separated into three classes: assessment, aggression and defense and classified according to their intensity: low, medium or high intensity. The dynamics of the agonistic interaction indicated a scaling of the behavioral units towards the end of the conflict, suggesting the corroboration of the sequential evaluation model. The adults of the species showed a higher level of aggressiveness when they are in the reproductive state. Males showed longer latency times to engaje the conflict than females. Intersex encounters were more often won by males. This study suggests that this cichlid species compete more aggressively in the reproductive season, increasing the probability to defend important reproductive resources, and that females and males show distinct aggressive tactics, probably boosted by selective pressures acting differently in each sex.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do plantio de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacquin 1763) sobre a diversidade funcional de mamíferos terrestres
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-12) MAUÉS, Paula Cristina Rodrigues de Almeida; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
We studied the effect of palm tree planting on the functional diversity of terrestrial mammals in a region of the Amazon Forest in the northeast of the State of Pará, Brazil. We evaluated through measures of Functional Diversity (FD) the impacts that this planting can have on the functional groups of medium and large terrestrial mammals. In addition to the species richness we consider the abundance of species in the analyzes involving the functionality, through the Biological Trait Analysis (BTA) and the Functional Diversity Analysis based on the Rao quadratic entropy index (FDq). No effect of palm oil planting on the FD of the mammals was observed, considering only the species richness. However, in the analyzes in which the abundance of the species was considered (FDq and BTA), it was possible to observe the effects on the functional groups. The functional traits most affected by the effect were: general food habits, bunodon dentition, diurnal activity period, diet based on fruits, seeds, invertebrates and exudates, social behavior in small groups, arboreal locomotion, sub-forest forest strata and sub-canopy and the functional groups most affected by palm planting were primates and other arboreal species, compromising the functions of seed predation and dispersion, decreased nutrient cycling, reduced invertebrate control, decreased herbivory, and altered species life history vegetables.
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Estudo comparativo das espécies de Saimiri voigt, 1831 (Primates, Cebidae) na reserva Mamirauá, Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-05) PAIM, Fernanda Pozzan; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
One of the ten primate species found at Mamirauá Reserve (RDSM) is Saimiri vanzolinii that have the boundaries of distribution hitherto not defined. The distribution area of S. vanzolinii is considered the smallest among neotropical primates species, about 950km². Two other forms of Saimiri occur at the region, but their taxonomic status has not been determined yet. The aim of this study was to establish ecological and behavioural characteristics that might act as causes for reproductive isolation among the Saimiri forms at the Mamirauá Reserve area. Several sample areas were surveyed, near to both river banks and channels that coincide with the boundaries of the geographic distribution of S. vanzolinii. Geographic coordinates were recorded each five minutes of the way with a GPS. For each site where a social unit of Saimiri was found some additional information was registered such as the locality, number of individuals, habitat type, water marks on the trees, and other primate species associated with the squirrel monkeys. The “cackle” vocalization was recorded whenever possible. The total distance surveyed was 218 km, where 328 social units of the genus Saimiri were recorded: 41% of Saimiri vanzolinii, 30% of Saimiri sp.1 and 29% of Saimiri sp.2. One of the limits of distribution (western-northwestern) of S. vanzolini was confirmed. This species were absent from two areas where their presence was previously believed. Sympatric and syntopic areas were also observed. The area in use by Saimiri vanzolinii was 106 km², smaller than previously known, occupying only 870 km², it corroborated that hypothesis that Saimiri vanzolinii have the smallest distribution among the neotropical primate species. The most important results of this study that might determine the reproductive isolation among Saimiri forms are the differential habitat use types (habitat selectivity), size of their social units, discrepancy between use of vertical strata and high initialisation frequencies for the “cackle” vocalization. Saimiri vanzolinii shows preference for the “chavascal” habitat on both sazonal extremes (dry and wet seasons), meanwhile Saimiri sp.1 and Saimiri sp.2 shows preference for the low varzea habitats. The average size of the social unit Saimiri sp.2, at the dry season was smaller than of the other forms. In terms of the the vertical strata use, Saimiri vanzolinii occupied lower levels in the dry season, as Saimiri sp.1. All forms occupied lower strata during the wet season. The initialization frequencies of “cackle” vocalization showed differences among the three groups, where Saimiri vanzolinii < Saimiri sp.1 < Saimiri sp.2. The results suggest that ecological segregation of Saimiri vanzolinii from the other forms occur mostly by the habitat partitioning. The medium size of the social unit of Saimiri sp.2 suggests that this species is ecologically different from the other forms. Differences between Saimiri sp.1 and Saimiri sp.2 were observed on the size of their social units, vertical use of space and high “cackle” vocalization initialisation frequencies. The areas where the Saimiri forms are present in the focal Mamirauá Reserve area probably show different paleogeographic histories, offering distinct resources for each taxon. Field studies about vegetation aspects, geoprocessing and feeding ecology must be carried out in the area to allow the understanding of the ecological and behavioural differences that could act upon the distribution of Saimiri and other primate species.
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Filogeografia de Phaethornis bourcieri (Aves:Trochilidae): implicações taxonômicas e biogeográficas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) SILVA, Lucas Eduardo Araújo; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570
The Straight-billed Hermit Phaethornis bourcieri inhabits the understory of upland terra-firme forest, being distributed through most of the Amazon. Currently, two allopatric taxa considered valid and, regarded as subspecies, are included in P. bourcieri: P. b. bourcieri and P. b. major. Nonetheless, these taxa have their validity, inter-specific limits, and evolutionary history not fully elucidated. Here, we used morphological and molecular characters to review the taxonomy and propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for populations and taxa grouped under Phaethornis bourcieri. Our results showed that P. bourcieri is part of the straight-billed Hermit clade, along with P. philippii and P. koepckeae, and that the subspecies major is closer to the latter two species rather than populations grouped under nominate bourcieri. Our phylogenetic hypotheses recovered three main reciprocally monophyletic clades under nominate bourcieri separated by the Negro and Solimões rivers. These clades (along with the distantly related major) are best treated as valid phylogenetic and biological species, for which only three valid names are applicable. The diversification of the straight-billed Hermit clade (P. bourcieri, P. philippii, and P. koepckeae) is centered in the Amazon and appears to be tightly linked with the formation of the modern Amazon drainage during the Plio-Pleistocene.