Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307

O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A ação coletiva de agricultores integrados à agroindústria de dendê na Associação dos Moradores e Agricultores Familiares da Região do Igarapé-Açu de Baixo, em Irituia - Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-17) OLIVEIRA, Khety Elane Holanda de; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
In this study, I analyze the performance of the common partners and the board of directors of the Association of Residents and Family Farmers of Igarapé-Açu de Baixo (Amafib), in the municipality of Irituia, Pará, in proposals related to collective action with its partners, the Central Social Organizations Between the Rivers Guamá and Capim (Consergc) and the multinational company Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) in the context of the integration of family agriculture to the agro-industry of palm. The methodology consisted of a case study with qualitative and quantitative approaches. The following were carried out: direct observation of meetings and work activities of the partners; non-directive and semi structured interviews between August 2019 and February 2020; and review of pertinent literature, prioritizing the categories collective action, associativism and productive integration. The results show that Amafib's actions with its partners have been favorable to the members of the association. In the cooperation with Consergc, several demands have been reached, such as the suitability of weighing the fruits for the digital balance, the sale of fertilizers by the company itself, the increase in the price paid for the palm oil and the marketing of tools through collective purchase. In a scenario of negotiations between the parties for the common good, Consergc has a leading role in the collective action and contributed to the good progress of the projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva e luta pela terra no assentamento Palmares II, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) MORENO, Glaucia de Sousa; ASSIS, William Santos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0188412611746531; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
This dissertation examines how the actions taken by militants and participants of Palmares II Project Settlement, in Parauapebas-PA, contribute or not to consolidate a solidarity political practice in tune with MST ideals, since the camp through settlement phases. Data were collected between January and August 2010 through structured questionnaire used to interview leaders and settlers from the settlement into focus. The main work category is the collective action. It presents evidence that favored the formation and consolidation of the MST in Brazil, and later in Pará. Discusses the theoretical and empirical aspects of collective action in the movement, followed by a brief history of the development of the settlement, demonstrates and describes the collective actions that occurred during this period, brings into discussion contributions of America in Chicago school and from the Italian philosopher Antonio Gramsci. Describes collective efforts in the settlement occurred between 1996 and 2010, demonstrates how they developed, what goals and failures that marked this period, using the Olson, Mckean and Ostrom contributions to substantiate the discussion. Notes similarities and differences between the settlers projects and leaders of the movement, showing that some settlers had their projects "failed" due to the impositions of power play settlers / leadership. Points, in the research year, the collective initiatives that occurred in the settlement, which are assemblies and occupations, in order to resolve issues demanded by the necessity of settlement infrastructure and water supply improvement. Finally it states that it must think about the collective actions inside a project that aims farmers emancipation from a logic that works rooted in respect, first of all centered in settlers goals and needs, ie confined not in ideal models (averse to reality), but substantiated in the democratic conduct that strengthens the priorities settlers choice possibility. So first of all it should hear the agrarian reform actors, the landless or settlers, and not only allow the supposed leadership’s interests be taken into consider.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva entre assentados da reforma agraria: o grupo de mutirão no assentamento Benedito Alves Bandeira, município do Acará / Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MELO, Acácio Tarciso Moreira de; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
This paper aims to study the collective strategies, or 'mutirão' (mutual-aid effort), developed by small farmers settled on the agrarian reform settlement called Benedito Alves Bandeira (BAB) in the municipality of Acará, Pará State. This research was carried out from June to November 2009 and in January 2010. The methodology included qualitative and quantitative approaches, the main procedures being: a literature review, structured and semi-structured interviews, observations and secondary data collecting. The results show a peculiar form of collective action, whereby a group (10% of the settlers) engaged in mutual-aid effort practices took over the association that manages the settlement as a whole. This was added by the fact that the 'mutirão' group, in practice, did not just address production-related issues, as is common in mutual-aid efforts, but also settlement-related political, economic and social actions. While many studies on land reform settlements point to the settlers' resistance to collective farming, especially promoted by the Landless Workers Movement (MST), the analyzed the experience shows the acceptance of the collective work of a group of settlers gathered around the 'mutirão' and aiming at agricultural production. The following factors that favored this type of work were identified: a) a previous preparation of leaders by the Catholic Church; b) voluntary performance of activities; c) the owner of the plot manages the 'mutirão' activities; d) the users themselves define the rules; and e) the size of the group. The experience of collective work in the three plots studied hereby also guides the actions taken by the association, whose meetings are held in rotation in the homes where the 'mutirão' is to be held. Despite the example provided by this type of practice used in the settlement since the beginning of its creation, there is resistance both inside and outside the settlement against the association, characterized by individual interests and the quest for power of opposing sides, which involves even government agencies. This study will contribute to understanding the strategies of reciprocity that facilitate collective action among settlers in Northeastern Pará State linking two phenomena: the little probability of cooperation, according to the logic of collective action (Olson, 1965) that questions the willingness of a group to engage in common goals; and, the promotion of cooperative work through reciprocity-based structures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva na criação e gestão do projeto de assentamento Paulo Fonteles em Mosqueiro, Belém – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-27) PANTOJA, Rosiane Cristina Pimentel; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
The research presented aims at studying the forms of organization for cooperation in the creation and management of Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles in Mosqueiro, Belém - Pará. For this case study, we used a qualitative approach from the application interviews with semi-structured questionnaire. The research problem grounded both in theories of social movements, with discussions of social events, as the French School of Sociology of Organizations with discussions of the organizations and the centrality of power. Restlessness is understand how social groups influence the forms of cooperation for the creation and management of the Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles. It is observed that social movements have been the intermediary of collective action in the struggle for agrarian reform, becoming references of continuity of struggles and ensuring the mobilization of families for collective action. The common goal for the conquest of the land is what secured the commitment and cooperation for the occupation of the settlement. But the conquest of the land reflects a multifaceted reality, because families have different prospects as housing, production, employment, among others. The increase in the number of settlements and the increased production questioned the need for agrarian reform as a policy for rural development. The MST, reaffirming that public policy, has proposed new forms of organization of settlements, called "commune land". These settlements are located close to metropolitan areas, in order to serve the population of these suburbs, which demand for land for housing and employment. These new settlements are aimed at the incorporation of urban infrastructure to facilitate the production and market relations. For the proposal to be successful, cooperation becomes a central theme. Thus, the settlement, is observed that cooperation takes place at different levels because there is no settlement without cooperation, much less groups that do not have membership. Therefore, the largest membership and engagement are located in the rules of power, with more or less the same centrality. Thus, we identified that while the association has the president the centralization of power, the group's collective 'mutirão' (local organization) has a balanced management, leading to greater involvement of families to the cooperation of the management of the settlement Paulo Fonteles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva sob influência da dendeicultura: um estudo de caso sobre a Central das Organizações Sociais entre os rios Guamá e Capim (CONSERGC)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019) BALIEIRO, Marciclei Lopes; SCHMITZ, Heribert
I analyze the experience of formal organization of family farmers integrated with oil palm in the Central of Social Organizations between the Guamá and Capim Rivers (CONSERGC). The central category of research is collective action in rural areas. I use Mancur Olson's theory of economics and the contributions of the French school of sociology of organizations to understand how cooperation is being built from the actions of the actors involved. The participation and management categories also stand out during the project, which is why I highlight the process of building self-management. Data were collected between June 2017 and February 2019, using a script, the methodology was based mainly on open interviews with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire and direct observation. I also conducted a literature review on the theme addressed in this work and did a documentary research with relevant data on the object of study. I present the context in which CONSERGC was proposed and created. I identify and characterize how the mobilization of farmers and leaders took place based on the performance of organizations such as the local STTRs, FETAGRI and, above all, the ADM company for integration in the oil palm project and for the organization as an association. Despite the difficulties that accompany the trajectory of the formal organization in the Northeast of Pará (credit, technical assistance, income, management, among others), the initiative is seen by most farmers as an opportunity. The possibility of organizing production, accessing some financing or project and improving family income were pointed out by the interviewees as important factors for engaging in associations. The organization presents difficulties that were identified in the research, among them: the lack of resources to develop its economic, social and logistical activities to gather members. However, the data showed that for the short time that CONSERGC has existed, the organization's associative proposal is in promising development. This finding makes reference: the performance of its board and its leaders, who have found solutions to the recurring difficulties; the trust of associates in their managers and the good level of participation of associates in meetings and meetings that, even by representation, assume an important role in the organization's operating strategies. The participation and construction of the action based on game of interests, they were negotiated within the organization and have been important for the continuity of the collective action analyzed here. Among the results of the research clipping, it is concluded that the interest of Integrated Associations in affiliating with a Central of Associations is related, in principle, to the mobilization and incentive given by ADM company for the creation of organizations. Subsequently, CONSERGC was seen by the associates as a facilitator of the dialogue with the company and, among the advantages, a means to obtain improvements in the integration contract. Empirical data revealed that few farmers read the contract in its entirety and, through CONSERGC's performance, they are being able to review some contractual clauses of paramount importance to their interests within the palm project such as in relation to price and price. weight of the product, these being the items most cited by the integrated. Despite being a specific case study, this work can c
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptações de agroecossistemas familiares às mudanças no contexto socioeconômico e ambiental no Município de Curralinho, Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) CARVALHO, João Paulo Leão de; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923
Using the Framework for Evaluation Systems Natural Resources Management Incorporating Sustainability Indicators (MESMIS), a tool used to evaluate the sustainability in family agroecosystems based on the assumptions of systemic approach, this article aims to understand how family agroecosystems adapts to socioeconomic and environmental changes in the Municipality of Curralinho, Marajó, Pará. The locality presents changes in the relations of land tenure; increase in the valuation of non-timber forest products, specially the acai; larger amounts of financial resources for agricultural activities; and technological training courses with a perspective of the insertion of the agroextractivist into the formal market. With theoretical contribution, The MESMIS has been adapted to the local context. Thereby, were constructed ten indicators for sustainability evaluation of 19 family agroecosystems intentionally chosen considering access to policies of land tenure, such as agricultural credit; social compensation; participation in technological capabilities, as well as the author's knowledge about the reality of Boa Esperança community, locus of this research. In agreement with other studies in the Amazon the MESMIS presented different levels of sustainability in family agroecosystems. After a characterization of the family agroecosystems, it was possible to identify two distinct family logics linked to the production of acai: (i) a agroextractivist logic that maintains as a strong element the extraction, more dependent of natural resources and therefore presenting greater co-production, (ii) another agroextractivist logic with greater market integration, with more intensification of technical-productive elements. The different logics may be the reflection of the adaptation of the family agroecosystems to the current socioeconomic context and environment of the region. The logics of the extractive family production go through profound changes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultores familiares e a educação de jovens e adultos em Mocajuba / PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-02-03) LAUANDE, Eduardo André Risuenho; SOUZA, Orlando Nobre Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8567141884452588
This dissertation refers to questions related to educatiou of goung and adult and rural education in Mocajuba/Pa, that has, as principal focus, farmer`s family students in that town. The central questions are: how that kind of education and rural education are historically constituted in Mocajuba? And what is the real situation of the education offered there to all those students nowadays? Answers to these questions were gotten by information from: 1) book research – to talk about agriculture history and state of affairs in Brazil, Pará and Mocajuba; 2) history VI studying about education of young and adults, and about rural education in Brazil, Pará and Mocajuba, as well as research and official data and documents collection, in order to make a map of the present situation of young and adults education that is offered by official institutions; 3) analyses of data collected in schools and interviews from farmer`s family students, teachers and community and trade union leadership. Analysing statements, it was possible to identify a great advance in human, politic and technical aspect that farmer`s family students have gotten, when they go back to school or go to it for the first time. So, they can improve ther knowledge and, consequently, they can have better life quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultores familiares e sistemas agroflorestais: a relação família e trabalho em questão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) BEZERRA, Nicolle Rafaella Costa; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
The research aimed to analyze the configuration of the family‘s work during the deployment process of agroforestry systems on farms, through the study of family farmers who worked on the project Roots of the Earth. The main assumption was that there is an increase in activities of household members in the short term, for the implementation of agroforestry systems on their premises. Field research was conducted at St. John community, municipality of Marapanim (PA) in three stages in 2009. The methodology blended quantitative and qualitative approaches to conducting interviews, questionnaires, observations and literature review. Having regard to the current debate about family, work and agroforestry systems, data and information were systematized and analyzed. The main conclusions show that: a) there is migration of the household or its members especially for the forthcoming municipal seats ratifying strategies of social reproduction based on a complementarity of urban and rural work, b) agroforestry‘s work and other systems of production establishments are organized based on family composition, place of residence of its members and in gender relations, c) the main difficulties for the deployment and management of agroforestry systems were below the spacing of the designs of agroforestry arrangements, the way the motion of bending over to plant the seedling, the main complaint of the elderly, and therefore the need to hire labor and the cost it; manual weeding of weeds and.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultores familiares no Município de Igarapé-Açu: estudo da participação em processos de desenvolvimento local sustentável
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-17) ATAÍDE, Tonildes Lisboa de; CONCEIÇÃO, Maria de Fátima Carneiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7985394500952978
Researched the performance of sustainable local development projects implemented in the Municipality of Igarapé-Acu, Para State, from November 2000 to February 2005, to evaluate the contribution of these projects to strengthen the participation of family farmers involved. For this we examined the following experiences: Project BNDES - Local Development UNDP Technical Cooperation, Project Integrated and Sustainable Local Development - DLIS-coordinated by SEBRAE, and Local Development Project, coordinated by the Federal Rural University of Amazonia - UFRA. In this paper we understand participation as an act of conquest and self-promotion of the individuals involved that are appearing as protagonists in their stories. The assumption is that experiences little examined strengthened the participation process understood according to the concept adopted here, frustrating even the original proposals of projects. To verify this hypothesis we used as a methodological procedure participant observation, in the case of a project coordinated by UFRA, which is ongoing. For this and other cases, we conducted open interviews with the "key informants," such as project coordinators, representatives of partner institutions and community leaders. We also use semi-structured interviews and documentary analysis of files, as well as analyzing the relationship between theory and practice for the experiences. The research showed a gap between the theoretical proposal of the project and its practical development. There are projects in which the participation of farmers was hampered by poor socialization and understanding of the proposal and the lack of transparency in the application of resources, lack of sense of belonging by beneficiaries; training and inefficient. In the case where the decision-making capacity of farmers was better stimulated, a greater ownership of the process of local development and a trend to a more active and conscious participation of farmers
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar e informação para o desenvolvimento rural nos municípios de Igarapé-Açu e Marapanim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-16) MATOS, Lucilda Maria Sousa de; PINHEIRO, Lena Vania Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9613980184982976; KATO, Maria do Socorro Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7117950232304118
The research was done with the objective of identifying and analysing the needs, demands and uses of information from partner farmers of the research project, “Adaptation and participative validity of an area preparation without burning in northern Pará”, developed in the cities of Igarapé-Açu and Marapanim, by Embrapa, in the communication process and information for action. Based on interviews and observations, it was outlined the prolife of partner farmers and opinion makers and identified their demands of information, being the most significative ones related to agriculture (cultivation, deseases, pests, financing/agricultural credit), followed by information on Education, Social Security, Law etc. The concept of information was constructed from the interviewd perceptions and were studied, still, participative actions developed by the project, means of mass communication of wider audience; besides support and information barriers. Among the social and institutional actors acting in the process, there is strong participation of relatives neighboring farmers, as a source of information for the communities and, among the several institutions, and Embrapa. Through the application of the technique of the critical incident the search of more recent information was analyzed, when agriculturist partners had needed information to develop their activities, if they had gotten it or not, and what this caused in their activities in familiar agriculture and their lives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura orgânica e a sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas familiares em Medicilândia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) SILVA, Michel Cleyton do Carmo; HERRERA, José Antônio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3490178082968263; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1311-1271
The Organic agriculture has been stimulated by the social movements of the region in which it operates this study, as an alternative able to corroborate the consolidation strategies more sustainable agroecosystems. Understanding organic agriculture as a production system based on relations more harmonized with the environment and provides greater equity and profitability, it was proposed to analyze the folding of organic production in the sustainability of familiar agroecosystems in the municipality of Medicilândia, state of Pará. We had as central hypothesis that organic production provides positive repercussions on the sustainability of the agroecosystems. Therefore, it was decided by methodological arrangement with qualitative procedures such as field observation and interviews with producers members COPOAM - Cooperative of Organic Farmers of the Amazon and quantitative procedures, mostly with the adjustment tool MESMIS (Framework for Evaluation of Systems of Natural Resource Management incorporating sustainabilities indicators) to the reality of family farmers of Medicilândia. With the sustainability evaluation of agroecosystems was established that there is the folding of organic production in the agroecosystems studied, incurring changes in production dynamics well as the way of life of families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura urbana: contribuição e importância dos quintais para a alimentação e renda dos agricultores urbanos de Santarém - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-29) SILVA, Eliane Raíssa Ribeiro; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101
The formation of urban neighborhoods in the area of Santarem is based on agricultural production, and this determines the socio-territorial reorganization of the city, causing it to present contradictions, and despite being "inside" of what is considered urban, are visible in this area habits and customs remain rural and agricultural production discussed here as urban agriculture. To identify and characterize the different activities of urban agriculture observed in Santarém / Pará (2 ° 24 '52 "S and 54 º 42' 36" W), to assess the importance and contribution of the same for food and income for families of farmers to develop, this study was conducted. Data collection was through home visits to farmers in the period May / June and September / October 2010, priority was intentional samples using the technique of "snowball". Structured interviews were conducted semi-structured interviews with 56 urban farmers, and their areas of production were driven method of guided tours, during which we surveyed the plant and animal species that made up and its intended use. When permitted species were also photographed. The botanical material was collected, and forwarded to herbalized IAN Herbarium of Embrapa Eastern Amazon, for identification. The contribution of urban agricultural activities for income was achieved through the use of the tools of the systemic approach of calculations and adjustments in the domestic economy from which we constructed a typology of different production systems sampled. We observed seven different activities in Santarém urban agriculture (agroforestry gardens, fish farming, cultivation of ornamental plants, nursery seedlings of forest, horticulture and mini-farm) activities are carried out in different spaces (backyards, private lots, and side avenues). We recorded the occurrence of 247 plant species grown in different areas of production and 11 animal species, cultivated and raised for different purposes of use. The creation of small animals occurred only within the gardens which has revealed to us, along with the cultivation of food crops, the feeding habits of the farmers who manage and handle. The results provide evidence that analyzed the different activities observed for urban agriculture in Santarém contribute significantly to the income of farmers, either through direct income from the sale of products produced or obtained with the indirect income to the economy arising from the production of foods that are no longer purchased by farmers. Thus we conclude that the importance of the different exercise activities on urban agriculture for farmers varies around the purpose of production and products produced, as well as contribute to the promotion of citizenship, is providing products that improve the quality of life of farm families , is absorbing family labor available, which increases self-esteem of farmers and ensure that they sustain their families in dignity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agroextrativismo: sustentabilidade e estratégias produtivas na Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari, sul do Amapá
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004) BENJAMIM, Aldrin Mário da Silva; SIMONIAN, Ligia Terezinha Lopes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6620574987436911; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6690-7244
The creation of the Extractive Reserves, in the beginning of the decade that started in 1990, arises as an alternative of administration of forest resources in the Units of Conservation (UC). Centered as a principle of the coadministration between the State and the resident traditional populations, these Reserves defense, economic and social viability depends in a large part on the local organization of the agroextractivists. However, in spite of the enormous potential of economical exploration of forest products, as the Amazon nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) and the açai (Euterpe oleraceae Mart.), of the strong agricultural tradition and of the hunting and fishing's many possibilities, multiple difficulties persist inside the Extractive Reserves Cajari River (Amapa). The conception of the Sustainable Development and the little production regarding the traditional populations in areas of such Reserves constituted the decisive factors to the beginning of this research. In this way, the study the about the Agroextractivism: sustainability and strategies in the Extractive Reserves Cajari River, south of Amapa tries to identify the evolution and the strategies of the productive base of the population who live in this UC, in the areas of high and low Cajari, in an attempt of revealing the rationality of the local agroextractivism. Therefore, it is expected to evidence the dimension of the change process resulting from the Reserve policies associated with the social movements, with implications in the environmental, social and economic fields.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“A água ficou presa pra lá”: transformações socioambientais a jusante da barragem de Tucuruí/PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-10-18) HOLANDA, Bianca da Silva; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542; SANTOS, Sônia Maria Simões Barbosa Magalhães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2136454393021407
This dissertation treats about the memory of socioenvironmental transformations from what the riverisde peasents, register as changes, concerning to the fishing territory and the mapará consumption. I use as theorical references the social memory and the biocultural memory, associated to the concept of environmental disaster taking into account the man-nature principle. The work was realized in three riverside communities of Saracá island, municipality of Limoeiro do Ajuru, Pará state. Located in the downstream region of the hydroelectric dam of Tucuruí, near of the mouth of Tocantins river. The work analyzes how the socioenvironmental transformations ocassioned by the Tocantins river dam disaster, reverbarate in the way of life and in the social reproduction of the riverside. Also it seeks to understand and describe the relation of the men with the fishes and their interactions with the environment. The research was realized with a qualitative approach based in the participant observation, and were made semi-structured informal interviews. The work considers that the damages are irreparable, the Tocantins river dam disrupted the aquatic ecosystems of the region, causing the reduction of the abundance and the diversity of fishes, affecting directly the way of life of the riverside populations. Even with shortage of fishing resources, the collective fishing of mapará’s borqueio, remais with an importance, not just economic, but symbolic and cultural. The knowledge involved in this activity is the result of the everyday and the experience of the fisher, natural observer of the river and the fishes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amêndoa de cacau de alta qualidade na Transamazônica: as práticas dos agricultores familiares em função das exigências do mercado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-24) ZAMORIM, Brenda Glaude Arrais Cruz; ROCHA, Carla Giovana Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6995325935325969
This study seeks to analyze the changes occurred in the practices for producing cocoa nuts by organic cooperated families according to market requirements and high quality in the Transamazônia region. In field research, there were conducted interviews to 47 organic cooperated families from the cities of Pacajá, Brasil Novo and Medicilândia, taken as illustrative of the regional reality of biophysical properties and cocoa's production practices. Initially it was made the characterization of the recent practices used by the families, correlating them to benefits obtained (Production of High Quality Cocoa Nuts´- ACOAQ), construction of infrastructure for fermentation-“coxo”, construction of stove or noncover stove-“barcaça”, production and utilization of organic inputs) and the limiting difficulties to carry out the activities, according to the recommendations of the organic cooperatives. For the study of the variations in the practices, there were conducted semi-structured interviews for a sample of 11 families; the information taken was used to identify the evolutionary trajectories of the agricultural establishments, with emphasis in the cocoa subsystems and its practices. It was corroborate in this stage of the research the presence of 4 different groups of evolutionary trajectories, classified by the characteristics of the practices used in the cocoa systems: (i) the ones with stable production of ACOAQ; (ii) the unstable in the production of ACOAQ; (iii) the ones which are passing through difficulties in the production of ACOAQ; and (iv) the ones who need some adjustments to produce ACOAQ. The research concludes that the organic markets and the practices to obtain high quality cocoa nuts influence the cooperated families in different ways; these families could: a) improve their production and attend the market with the production of ACOAQ and maintain the fertility of the plantation; b) limit the production of the ACOAQ, because of reduced workforce for the activities and prioritizes the ACC (Conventional Cocoa Nut) production; c) rebalances the systems by excluding the ACOAQ production, and substituting for ACC production because of lack of working capital for immediate payment of produced cocoa nuts; d) does not attend these markets because they seek to avoid imbalance between the subsystems by excluding chemical inputs, or changing the cocoa subsystem by using chemical fertilizers because of productivity or poor workforce, or because they are recently organic cooperators that exclude chemical inputs.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Artropodofauna associada a diferentes sistemas de cultivo de açaizeiro no nordeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08-31) RIBEIRO, Suelem Moreira; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The açaí palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is an important crop for Pará agribusiness for reaching new consumer markets in Brazil and in different countries. However, the growing commercial expansion that açaí has shown in recent years has reflected also in the significant increase in its acreage, which may result in the incidence of insect pests associated with these agroecosystems, thus requiring research actions focused on the alternative management and control of these biotic constraints. Simultaneously, new models of fruit crops have been tested successfully in the state of Pará, highlighting, among them, Agroforestry Systems (AFSs), aimed at increasing the number of crops (annual, permanent and / or forestry) implanted in an area. Among the benefits of AFSs stands out for its potential to maintain and multiply diversified beneficial entomofauna when compared to monocultures. Therefore, this study aimed to understand and compare the biodiversity of arthropods associated with the açaí palm in different cropping systems of the family farm in the northeast of Pará. It was analyzed three areas, two AFSs areas that had açaí palm as one of the main crops in the Marapanim town and an area of açaí monoculture, in the Igarapé-Açu town. In each area were implanted 45 Pitfall traps, which were equally distributed in three subareas: (a) near the açaí palm plants inside the plantation; (b) in the secondary forest around the crops; and (c) in the transition area between cultivation and secondary forest. Samples were collected into four distinct periods, one in the rainy season (CH), a transition period between the rainy and dry (CH / SE), one in the dry season (SE) and another collection corresponding to the transition period between dry and rainy (SE / CH). The insects biodiversity assessments were made in the soil (Pitfall traps). Arthropods (insect pests and natural enemies and spiders) collected in the field were stored in plastic containers (150 mL) containing 70% alcohol, and transported to the Entomology Laboratory of Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, where they were sorted, quantified and identified taxonomically . It was concluded that the periods of the year that most favor the presence of soil arthropods, regardless of crop fields, are the transition periods CH / SE and SE / CH. There was also a reduction in the population of ants in the three areas of secondary forest analyzed, and the gender Solenopsis (Westwood), Wasmannia (Forel) and Azteca (Forel) the most frequent in these areas. The area with açaí monoculture has a higher abundance of ants than the two AFSs analyzed. The spider family Lycosidae was found most frequently in this study, with the most abundant being Pacovosa gender. Agroforestry systems, if properly managed, form conducive environment for the arthropods species diversity like spiders and ants, which are admittedly efficient organisms in natural control of insect pests in crops. Transition periods grouped more individuals, followed by AFS area located in the Marapanim town, which represents the area most changed among the analyzed areas. Secondary forests are areas with smaller grouping of individuals and smaller gender diversity of ants and spiders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Assessoria técnica e estratégias de agricultores familiares na perspectiva da transição agroecológica: uma análise a partir do Pólo Rio Capim do Programa Proambiente no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-08-29) VASCONCELOS, Marcelo Augusto Machado; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872; Porro , Roberto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2282097420081043
The study examines the intervention effect of methodologies conducted by the technical assistance provided by the Proambiente program to different smallholder groups (agroextractivist, agriculturalist, diversified, wage-laborer, and small-rancher) in the program’s Rio Capim site. The study indicates that Use Plans and Community Agreements affect the strategies of every group and reveal their intention of intervening in the agroecosystem, as capacity building of smallholders and extension agents was able to link technical knowledge and smallholders’ traditional knowledge. The study highlights significant contributions of the technical assistance due to the agroecological approach provided by family capacity units, which consist of a venue for empirical and technical formation. In addition, it shows the difficulty in the execution of some labor-demanding agroecological practices. In those cases, several groups adopt productive strategies such as labor contracting, and communitarian strategies such as labor-pooling, labor-exchange, and labor exchange through labor-pooling, as well as kindred and neighborhood strategies. Labor-pooling events are often mentioned as a primary strategy to promote the associative spirit among smallholders and are often used by families studied, being significantly adopted in the implementation of agroecological practices. They are often used collectively, and stimulate mutual learning, dialog and sharing of experiences. On the other hand, the adoption of these new practices do not ensure production, subsistence, or social reproduction, as there is no risk-avoidance mechanism to reduce the impact of eventual losses or frustrations resulting from the higher investment and physical efforts required by agroecological activities. Therefore, traditional practices that provide food security and ensure the survival of the household are preferred despite the fact they might result in lower economic outcomes and little concern with natural resource conservation. They are preferred by different smallholder groups, however, given the risk and uncertainty represented by the Proambiente program. What lacks in the program is greater security in the conditions such as differential commercialization and marketing strategy for agroecological products, and for the payment of environmental services, which has not been activated. Mainly, there is no continuity of financial resources for the provision of technical assistance, what jeopardizes the entire program, as the Communitarian Agreements and Use Plans should be continuously monitored in the face of changes in the biophysical and socioeconomic setting, and therefore require continuous adjustment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A atuação da associação dos usuários da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Tracuateua (PA) diante de conflitos sociais relacionados ao uso dos recursos naturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-30) RODRIGUES, Monique Rocha; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
Extractive Reserves (Resex) are territories of common use destined to the conservation of natural resources, culture and means of life of traditional people. The regulation of the use of these areas is done through shared management between the public administration and administration of traditional peoples with participatory principles. For the implementation of the new management model (comanagement), the User Associations are created as representatives of the traditional people. The present research was elaborated with the proposal to contribute with the construction of sociological scientific knowledge, referring to the action of the Association of Users of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Traucateua (Auremat) in the face of social conflicts related to the management of natural resources. As recurrent and specific conflicts in Marine Extractive Reserves (REM) I chose to develop a study of the conflict caused by the practices: "marrecas fishing", creation of loose buffaloes and use of "thin mesh" for fishing. Such conflicts occur among groups of users: those who practice them and those who feel harmed by these activities. The investigated conflicts occur mainly in areas of flooded fields and in the surroundings of the rivers, situated in the area surrounding Resex. The data collection was done using the qualitative approach in three communities (Cocal, Santa Maria and Santa Tereza), chosen from the zoning made by the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) and nominations of members of the board of directors of Auremat as conflicting. The research was divided in two stages, being carried out 5 incursions in the field. The following were conducted: secondary data collection, literature searches referring to the researched topic, observations and 41 interviews (39 with agroextrativistas users of Resex and 2 with Environmental Analysts of ICMBio). Even without the approval of the Management Plan (PM), it was verified that Auremat acts in the face of social conflicts related to the use of natural resources researched through meetings and environmental journeys in the areas surrounding the Resex where the users reside, promoting awareness on the problematic activities, assisting in the reporting of complaints to the competent bodies, in addition to developing other works aimed at improving the life of users. During the research, the difficulties to act were also observed of the agroextractivists who are members of the association, these are due to the insufficiency of associated users who are up to date with the payment of the fixed rate, causing a lack of resources. Currently the users association seeks attract productive projects and carries out activities, both destined to the users of the Reserve, with the support of international resources coming from the Tracuateua Project, which also takes on great importance for the training of agroextractivists for bureaucratic burdens of the association.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da sustentabilidade de agroecossistemas familiares agroextrativistas de açaizeiros na região das ilhas do município de Cametá, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-10) BATISTA, Katharine Tavares; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532279040491194; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
The choice of research theme due to the importance that the fruit açai, Euterpe oleracea Mart. represents in the socioeconomics of the Cametá population, mainly the riverside residents, as well asthe concernabout possible changes in the production systems in the agroecosystems of açaí floodplains due to the growing demand for the fruit. Thus, this research aimed to assess to the socioeconomic and environmental sustainability of agroecosystems family who manage açaí in the region of the islands of the municipality of Cametá, Pará. That research was conducted in 52 agroecosystems family, distributed in 19 river islands, between the months of August to December 2012, considering 2011, the year of the crop of the fruit açaí. The agroecosystems were characterized into five dimensions of sustainability: general aspects, social, economic, technological and environmental and later identified the determinants of sustainability (profitability; total cost of production and location of agroecosystems), through exploratory factor analysis, and the similarities observed between the agroecosystems grouped using the technique of the dendrogram (Cluster analysis). When comparing the current state of sustainability of agroecosystems family in the Islands region of Cametá and correlate the açai management adopted, was found that, the most sustainable agroecosystems, considered in descending order, present rural incomes higher than non income rural and adopt management techniques from agricultural researches.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Beneficiamento e comercialização dos produtos dos sistemas agroflorestais na Amazônia, Comunidade Santa Luzia, Tomé - Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-31) COUTO, Maria Cristina de Moraes; KATO, Osvaldo Ryohei; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4241891652832872
In Santa Luzia community, in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, as in the Northeast Pará, there is nowadays a process of change among crops, involving slash and burn systems in the pasture establishment or subsistence crops, for the implementation of agroforestry systems, as a way to diversify production and get better income and new ways to market their organic products. As the marketing and processing of production are considered obstacles in family farming, this research identifies and analyzes the importance of the organization in these processes in Santa Luzia community through the characterization of the association, describing and evaluating the processing and the marketing of the household production, determining the economic, social and environmental changes in the community to add value to the products of agroforestry systems. Visits were conducted with questionnaires to all members of the association, forming a sample of 21 production units, allowing a socio-economic study on the family units, in addition to using descriptive statistical methods and multivariate statistics through factorial analysis and Cluster Analysis, which allowed us to evaluate the size of the data in relation to the variables that determine the agroforestry systems and the marketing process. The results indicate that 95% of the families interviewed have agroforestry systems with a large crops diversification and 95% perform some kind of processing in their products (71% of the production),which provided new market opportunities and better prices, obtaining an average annual revenue of R$ 22.241,35, ensuring them, better economic and social conditions, which allows us to conclude that the organization and production agroindustrialization promoted better marketing and higher production income in the community of Santa Luzia.