Dissertações em Ciências Farmacêuticas (Mestrado) - PPGCF/ICS
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2313
O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Farmacêuticas teve início em 2005 e homologado pelo CNE e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) do Instituto de Ciências da Saúde (ICS) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização farmacognóstica, físico-química e microbiológica das folhas de anani (Symphonia globulifera Linn. f., Clusiaceae)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-29) SILVA, Eliane Moraes da; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4437885351749994; VIEIRA, José Maria dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6807452375674442Symphonia globulifera Linn. f., commonly known as anani cited in reports of popular use in different countries such as Cameroon, and in several regions of Brazil, mainly in the Amazon, in the treatment of skin inflammations, general tonic and laxative for pregnant women, and its latex to be employed against rheumatism and tumors. Although some studies have described the phytochemical profile of S. globulifera, there are no studies to date, assessing the botanical properties, chemical properties (thermal analysis) and pharmaceuticals (spray dryer) of this plant. Thus, classic methodologies were used contained in pharmacopoeias and modern analytical methods. The results for the botanical characterization are: the epidermal cells of both sides of the sheet are heterodimensionais. The stomatal complex is anomocytic type found only on the abaxial surface. The petiole is presented coated plano-convex cells cutinização square and thick. The characterization of the powder are: particle size analysis classifies it as being rude. Loss on drying was 9% in total ash content was 4.3%, with the thermal analysis we observed in TG between 31 and 100°C at the first mass loss of 7.8% in the DTA 64°C and a DSC endothermic event at 84°C an endothermic event of 169 J/g, the spectroscopic profile in the region of the IV suggests the presence of phenolic compounds. While the results for the dye and dried extract are: bulk density of 0.97% g/mL, pH 6; percentage of dry weight of 9% in chemical prospecting verified the presence of saponins, reducing sugars and phenols and tannins to extract and some fractions, the thermal analysis TG was found in a mass loss of 6.55% from 28 to 100°C, only one event in DSC exotherm to 169°C, the spectroscopic profile in the region IV showed bands of strong absorption features of alcohols and phenols. In the study using a spray dryer, excipients that showed the best results were 40% aerosil more aerosil and microcrystalline cellulose in the proportion of 35:5. The extract showed antioxidant properties. The vegetable raw material was also tested for their antimicrobial and antifungal activity, providing positive results for some strains tested and shown bactericidal activity for fractions of iv ethyl acetate and hexane. The extract and the hexane fraction showed fungistatic activity, all these results contribute to future studies with this Plant, thereby increasing their value.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização química e físico-química e estudos preliminares de planejamento da formulação fitoterápica semi-sólida contendo tintura de Calendula officinalis L.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008-12-29) NUNES, Kariane Mendes; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4437885351749994The phytotherapy is a form of medicinal therapy that has been grown noticeably over the years, however, despite the broad use of phytomedicines, the quality of these drugs is often poor and questionable. Among the several medicinal plants used as herbal medicine, the Calendula officinalis L. is known for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and healing effects. Thus, this present study aimed to enhance and consolidate the use of methods of pharmaceutical technology in the development of phytotherapeutic agents, through the completion of preliminary studies of the planning of a semi-solid formulation phytotherapic containing tincture of Calendula officinalis L., for the quality control of the stages of their development. In the physical characterization and physical chemistry of the dust and tincture of calendula were obtained farmacognóstics specifications consistent with the literature, and to establish the identity of the plant material through the detection of the chemical marker rutin by Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC). Through the validation of the method, that presented parameters recommended by existing legislation, was given 463 μg/mL of rutin in tincture. The infrared (IR) spectra showed characteristics of rutin in the lyophilised extract, in addition to demonstrate the permanence of these bands after mixing with the excipients of the formulation. The thermoanalytic techniques confirmed the compatibility between the excipients and lyophilisate of calendula extract. In the preliminary assessment of the stability of the gel formulation remained stable during the cycles in greenhouse (45 ± 2 0C) and temperature (25 ± 2 0C). In the preliminary study of the gel, permeation tended to favor the permeation of total flavonoids as rutin for receiving phase. These results demonstrate the importance of employment of protocols for quality control of raw materials plant, besides the establishment of technological methods for the production of phytotherapic.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Composição química e efeitos antinociceptivo e antiinflamatório em roedores do óleo essencial de Peperomia serpens (Sw) Loud(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-06-20) PINHEIRO, Bruno Gonçalves; MAIA, José Guilherme Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1034534634988402; SOUSA, Pergentino José da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9909053957915090The Peperomia serpens (Piperaceae), popularly known as “carrapatinho”, is an epiphyte and herbaceous liana grown wild on different host trees in the Amazon rainforest. Its leaves are largely used in Brazilian folk medicine to treat inflammation, pain and asthma. This study investigated the effects of essential oil of P. serpens (EOPs) in standard rodent models of pain and inflammation. The antinociceptive activity was evaluated using chemical (acetic acid and formalin) and thermal (hot plate) models of nociception in mice whereas the anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by carrageenan (Cg) - and dextraninduced paw edema tests in rats croton oil-induced ear edema, as well as cell migration, rolling and adhesion induced by Cg in mice. Additionally, phytochemical analysis of the EOPs has been also performed. Chemical composition of the EOPs was analyzed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty five compounds, representing 89.6% of total oil, were identified. (E)-Nerolidol (38.0%), ledol (27.1%), α-humulene (11.5%), (E)- caryophyllene (4.0%) and α-eudesmol (2.7%) were found to be the major constituents of the oil. Oral pretreatment with EOPs (62.5-500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the writhing number, with an ED50 value of 188.8 mg/kg that was used thereafter in all tests. EOPs had no significant effect on hot plate test but reduced the licking time in both phases of the formalin test, an effect that was not significantly altered by naloxone (0.4 mg/kg, s.c.). EOPs inhibited the edema formation induced by Cg and dextran in rats. In mice, EOPs inhibited the edema formation by croton oil as well as the leukocyte and neutrophil migration, the rolling and the adhesion of leukocytes. These data show for the first time that EOPs has a peripheral antinociceptive effect that seems unrelated to interaction with the opioid system and a significant anti-inflammatory effect in acute inflammation models.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Desenvolvimento e caracterização tecnológica de micropartículas de arrabidaea chica (h & B) B. Verl. obtidas por spray dryer(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-08) SAMPAIO, Rita de Cássia Almeida; BARBOSA, Wagner Luiz Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372405563294070; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4437885351749994This work aimed the technological development of particulate dosage forms obtained from extraction solution (tincture) from aerial parts of Arrabidea chica (Pariri), using the spray drying. We investigated the influence of processing aids (maltodextrin and arabic gum, alone and in a mixer) in drying performance and product properties. A. chica tincture was concentrated on a rotary evaporator to obtain the concentrated extract (CE) which was added to the processing aids and subjected to spray drying. The drying process was assessed through determination of product recovery and thermal efficiency. Microparticles (ES) were evaluated for residual moisture, water activity, average particle diameter, bulk density, packing density and flow properties, thermal profile and IR spectroscopy. The chemical monitoring was performed by UV-vis spectrophotometer, using chemical marker flavonoids (Ft), polyphenols (Pt) and total tannins (Tt) in the A. chica. The antioxidant activity of the product was evaluated by DPPH and chemiluminescence. The moisture content of the ES had their values in the range 2.77 to 4.69% being within the specified. The water activity values were below 0.2, which supports the physical and chemical stability and microbiological of dried products. The percentage of degradation of chemical markers in ES regard to CE was in the range 24-46% for Ft, 48-56% for Pt and 53-72% to Tt, which may be associated with thermal degradation and oxidation of the same compounds. In TLC analysis, tincture, CE and ES showing the luteolin and kaempferol patterns indicate that the drying process does not cause the loss of these compounds. The particle size distribution shows that the ES showed an average diameter of about 10 μm and the particles had a spherical morphology and with some rough surface. The flowability indices and accommodation of the powders obtained results are typical of powders with low flowability and compressibility characteristics. The antioxidant activity of ES presented values between 32.17 to 44.53 mg / mL. In the colorimetric analysis, the parameters proved the yellowish-red color. The recovery of product was in the range 60-65% and the thermal efficiency values were between 36% and 39%. Analyses of infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis proved important tools in the physico-chemical characterization and quality control systems microparticulate obtained.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Estudos de pré-formulação e formulação de Heliotropium indicum (L.) DC (Boraginaceae)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-01-14) COSTA, Russany Silva da; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4437885351749994Heliotropium indicum L. (Boraginaceae) is a shrub, reaches up to 70 cm high. It is known as “fedegoso” in the north and northeast of Brazil. Because of the biological potential of this species, this work aims to determine the quality parameters of the vegetable drug to the final product and evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the leaves of H. indicum L. The purpose of obtaining a phytotherapic formulation semisolid, we used the parameters of quality control physical, chemical and physicalchemical described in the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia and others literature. The vegetable drug was classified as coarse powder, showed values of loss on drying and total ash of 12.88% and 17.14%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis of the powder and the extract showed that both had good physical stability up to 180 °C. The spectra in the region IR showed an increase in the intensity of the absorption bands of the extract, which may relates to the extraction of chemical constituents of the cellular matrix. The prospecting chemical extract confirmed the presence of classes of secondary metabolites already reported in literature. The chloroform fraction suggests the presence of alkaloids by precipitation test with Dragendorff reagent. The TLC and HPLC showed a possible presence of the same substance in the alkaloidal and hexane fractions. The crude extract inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus with halos of 12.5 mm ± 0.707 and 10.5 ± 0.707 mm for concentrations of 500 and 250 mg / mL, respectively. The physical mixtures of the extract with adjuvant pharmaceutical used to develop the phytotherapic formulation showed no physical incompatibility and no significant changes in the absorption profile of the compounds analyzed. The phytotherapic formulation semi-solid has a good stability after the preparation, after the submission of the gel by centripetal force and after the action of heat stress.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Obtenção e caracterização de hidrogéis de poliacrilamida-co-metilcelulose como sistemas carreadores de cloridrato de propranolol(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-06) ALVES, Taís Vanessa Gabbay; SILVA JÚNIOR, José Otávio Carréra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4437885351749994; COSTA, Roseane Maria Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0537372052713559Polymer matrices such as ‖hydrogels‖ are controlled release systems that are being widely used the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, the hydrogels PAAmco-MC were obtained and characterized in order to carry the propranolol, an antihypertensive drug. These hydrogels are composed of two monomers (AAm and MC) and were synthesized by free radical polymerization, being investigated four concentrations of AAm (3.6%, 7.2%, 14.7% and 21.7% w / v). The characterization of the hydrogels was performed through studies of the degree of swelling, zeta potential, FT-IR, SEM, and thermal analysis (TG, DTA, DTG and DSC). The 3.6% hydrogel showed a greater degree of swelling in all analysis media. The zeta potential revealed that all hydrogels remain near the isoelectric point. The infrared absorption spectrum allowed the identification of characteristic bands of both the hydrogel as propranolol. The TG curves of the hydrogels evidenced their degradation in two stages, being observed in the DTG curve a higher mass loss at about 400°C and the DTA and DSC curves have confirmed the three endothermic events. On the other hand, propranolol has a single stage of degradation and its melting peak was at 163.4°C. Photomicrographs have revealed arrangement of the three-dimensional network of hydrogels. In the study of in vitro release kinetics of the release of propranolol from the hydrogel matrix was approximately 80% of drug within 424 hours, showing a bimodal model. This work showed that the PAAmco-MC hydrogel is a great promising for application in drug carrier systems.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Perfil de utilização de antimicrobianos em pacientes idosos de um hospital universitário de Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-02-23) SOUSA, Kassio Cardoso; SILVA, Marcos Valério Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0379783635000306; ANDRADE, Marcieni Ataíde de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8514584872100128The medicine progress and improvement in general life conditions of the population led to the increase of life expectancy and contributed to population aging. There are important clinical characteristics in elderly people as the fact that those individuals show a series of alterations which interfere directly in the pharmacokinetics’ processes. The medicines constitute the most used treatments within health services, in the knowledge that, in developing countries, around 30% of the health resources are destined to those products. In that way Studies of Medicines Use are important strategic tools for the rationalization of the drugs’ use. That being so this research has as a goal to investigate the profile of prescription and use of antimicrobials for elderly persons interned in the clinics: medical clinics, clinics of infectious and parasitic diseases, the intensive treatment center and the surgical clinic of the academic Hospital João Barros Barreto (HUJBB) in the period from 2009 to 2012, aiming for observing the initiatives directed to the patient security regarding the antimicrobials use. It consists in a transversal study, observational and characteristically descriptive. The sample was composed of 299 recorded and interned patients who received the treatment with at least one antimicrobial on a regular basis. In relation to the socio-demographic profile of the elderly patients admitted in the HUJBB during the studying period, it was noticed that the most frequent gender was the feminine with 44%, and the average of the internship duration was of 18,90 days, and the most frequent age range stood between 60 and 70 years old with 46,15%, the civil status was married with 52,21%, declaring themselves ―pardos*‖ (69,90%), coming from the capital city (72,24%) and with an internship duration until 30 days utmost (82,94%). About the profile of prescription and use of antimicrobials for the elderly patients, was spotted that the cephalosporin category of third generation was the most proscribed with 29,94%, followed by the quinolones with 17,15% and Macrolides with 9,30%. Among the 23 antimicrobials found in the medicals prescriptions, the ceftriaxone was the most used with 20,13% followed by the ceftazidime with 10,50% and the clarithromycin with 9,85%. The most frequent pathologies reached the respiratory tract with: DPOC (10,16%), bronchiectasis infecting (8,07%) and pneumonia (4,30%) and the most frequent administration route used for elderly people was the intravenous with 84%. Combining the infection state of the respiratory tract (28,13%) with the most frequent use of antimicrobials of the cephalosporin category and the quinolones’ one, 47,09% were totalized. As for the clinical state outcome, 72% of the patients were discharged. The prescription profile for the rational use of antimicrobials for elderly people is provided in the advocated directives for the rational use of the medicines, as well as intended for the patient security.