Dissertações em Gestão de Recursos Naturais e Desenvolvimento Local na Amazônia (Mestrado) - PPGEDAM/NUMA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3107

O Mestrado Profissional pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Gestão de Recursos Naturais e Desenvolvimento Local na Amazônia (PPGEDAM), vinculado ao Núcleo de Meio Ambiente (NUMA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consequências das práticas agrícolas na diversidade vegetal em Parauapebas, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-11) SANTOS, Alessio Moreira dos; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
Agricultural activities in the project of nesting in the Amazon region are important in food production. The aim of this study was to identify and assess the human impact of agricultural practices on plant biodiversity of a community of small family farmers and to discuss the possibility of retaining some resistant species and useful in the tillage systems. The research was conducted at Project of Nesting Palmares II, city of Parauapebas, southeastern Pará, Brazil. The survey of plant biodiversity was conducted in 45 points on 9 demarcated family farms. Data on vegetation structure and floristic composition were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Was calculated IIV (Index Importance Value) for all species found in intermediate and upper stratum. In total, considering the three strata: low, intermediate and higher, there were 707 species and their specific riches by agriculture: logged forest (77,8 ± 18,6); burned forest (65,1 ± 23,5); rice field (24 ± 2); corn field (33,6 ± 9); cassava field (31,5); clean cattle pasture (20,1 ± 8,9); invaded cattle pasture (44 ± 12,3) ; grade earth (21), young secondary forests (42,8 ± 10,7) Old secondary forests (45 ± 5,6). The species with the highest IVI were Vernonia brasiliana, Cecropia palmata, Solanum crinitum, Trema micrantha, Solanum rugosum, Oenocarpus distichus, Rollinia exsucca, Vismia baccifera, Alexa grandiflora and Pueraria phaseoloides. PCA vegetation structure indicated that the type of land use was the determining factor, linked to an opposition between high levels of richness, density and basal area of the upper stratum, high values of richness and basal area of the stratum intermediate and low values of these variables. Since the PCA of the floristic composition showed that the forest plots are opposed to other forest plots and plots of poultry, indicating differences in floristic composition even between forests. The corn field, cassava field and rice field were considered as areas that generate the most impact on biodiversity. The small size of the lots of the nesting Palmares II favors the intensive land use and deforestation accelerated. It should promote and support agroforestry practices in Project of Nesting Palmares II, to advocate farming techniques that protect natural resources, such as the conservation of tree species useful and robust in open areas. The species Pueraria phaseoloides when associated with agricultural crops, should maintain production and save the cultivated areas, functioning as green manure and minimizing degradation of cultivated areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos socioambientais de produção de palma de dendê na Amazônia paraense: uso de agrotóxicos e poluição ambiental nas sub-bacias hidrográficas, Tailândia (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-26) CRUZ, Rosa Helena Ribeiro; MENDES, Ronaldo Lopes Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3384080521072847; FARIAS, André Luís Assunção de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5310171409459863
Palm oil palm cultivation is economically important in Brazil, both for the food market and for the energy market, because its oil is used as a raw material for biodiesel. The largest production of palm oil is found today in the Northeast of the Amazon, which puts the Amazon ecosystem at risk due to the devastation and the indiscriminate use of pesticides. This research is aimed to identify the socio-environmental impacts caused by the use of pesticides on palm oil cultivation in water resources, specifically in sub-basins of the municipality of Thailand, in the state of Pará. The theoretical approach that guided the analysis was the political ecology, to interpret the relations of family farmers and enterprises with regard to the production techniques to which their subordinate contracts. For the analysis and collection of water, partnerships were established with the environment laboratory at the Evandro Chagas Institute and with the Secretariat of Environment of the Prefecture of Thailand. For the detection of pesticides, the gas chromatography methodologies were applied. The collection of the macrophytes was also carried out along the banks of the sub-basins to determine the existence of aquatic bioindicators of water contamination by organic tailings. For the construction of the graphic representation of the hydrographic basins, matrix data (SRTM images) were obtained from the "Topodata" repository of the National Institute for Space Research (INPE). As a result of the research, the farmers' dissatisfaction with the National Biodiesel Use Program was demonstrated, as there was a great socio-environmental impact to the water resources that cross the communities of the familiar farmers. In the toxicological analysis of the waters, traces of atrazine and glyphosate were observed in the Anuerá and Aui-Açu sub-basins sub-basins. The presence of floating, fixed, floating-fixed, floating submerged macrophytes was also detected, indicating a process of eutrophication in the rivers. The results of the research served as the basis for the preparation of a booklet, based on an ANVISA model, to assist family farmers on planting palm palm and using fertilizers and pesticides.

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