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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise comparativa hidroambiental das bacias do Una e da Estrada Nova, em Belém-PA, e suas implicações socioeconômicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-26) LEÃO, Eduardo Araujo de Souza; ABREU, Francisco de Assis Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9626349043103626
To evaluate the effectiveness of public interventions in relation to changing social dynamics and improve the quality of life of a population is necessary to the built and application of social indicators in monitoring public management, especially when dealing with large environmental interventions. As much as these indicators are mapped, the vast majority of environmental studies where these interventions occur, the government has dedicated itself or if it does not perform and monitor efficiently the behavior of these indicators over time. In Belém, the floods in urban areas pose a serious problem for most of the municipality, especially when involving densely occupied areas, at which generate considerable damage and often irreparable, even with losses of human lives. Flooding has been a problem during periods of frequent rainfall, both in the oldest areas of the city and consolidated, as in the areas of urban sprawl, a fact compounded by soil sealing, occupation of wetlands and removal of riparian vegetation, which hinders the infiltration rainwater. Due to these environmental factors and the inattention of government in providing social amenities and physical interventions in the area of the metropolis, populations that occupy the most vulnerable parts of the city of Belém, in general have a poor quality of life, as regards the issue of the environment in which they live. In order to comparatively evaluate two different realities and really consider whether public intervention was effective and efficient and from the same include as practical application of social indicators in monitoring the public administration, was used as case for this research performed by government intervention state in the basin of Una, where he was executed the deployment of Macro Drainage Basin of Una and services contemplated drinking water supply, sewerage, storm water drainage and road system, compared with the intervention of the municipal government to bowl Estrada Nova, running, with the deployment of these services. To develop the research, the study gathered data and information collected in the basin of Una and projected future scenarios for the basin of Estrada Nova, using the same indicators. These indicators in this study were also addressed and strengthened with a hydrogeological assessment of the two basins, the analysis of quality of surface and groundwater, consideration of the incidence of waterborne diseases, the vulnerability of aquifers, configured together in a GIS specifically built for it, with the aim of evaluating the criticality of spatialization basins and identify which areas need more attention or have the best results. The study demonstrated that the physical and socioeconomic study of the two basins are similar and after the intervention in the basin of Una, any kind of indicator was monitored with a view to demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention. The study also showed that health indicators linked to waterborne (why the intervention was also made) chosen for monitoring before and after the intervention, have partially direct connections to the environmental quality of the basin, but many indicators not could be chosen by the lack of government data. The vulnerability of the aquifer top is also concern in some quarters, in that much of the population obtains its supplies from this aquifer, which has its recharge provided, in part, by draining channels of Belém, known holders of very bad quality indices its waters and can even be characterized as true open sewers. The drainage channels and creeks of Belém, are thus responsible for directing this excess sewage into the Bay of Guajará and river Guamá through interconnection with those that have physiographic elements. Because the city has much of its area located in quotas of up to 4 meters, which is also the average annual tidal amplitude regional, these areas are subject to flooding. By way of consequence throughout the upper aquifer is vulnerable to infiltration of contaminated water channels, which in times of floods are dammed increasing the residence time in them,. The research now being evaluated scenarios and presentation indicators, this reality, leaving open the need to be constructed and monitored indicators other than the act of evaluating the effectiveness of public intervention can be more consistent. Finally the study also notes that several indicators could not be considered in the study due to insufficient and the quality of data provided by the government.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da susceptibilidade a inundações na bacia hidrográfica do Rio Uraim, Paragominas - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) CORREA, Denison Lima; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The phenomenon of flooding is a natural event, given by the extravasation of water to the greater river bed, a fact caused by intense precipitation causing the amount of water that arrives simultaneously to a point of the river is greater than its capacity of flow. The main objective of this dissertation was to analyze the susceptibility to floods in the Uraim River basin in the municipality of Paragominas state of Pará, based on the physical and morphometric characteristics of the basin and to evaluate the areas most prone to flooding within the urban zone. Geoprocessing techniques were used to extract the basin by SRTM images and to use digital image classification to obtain soil use in the basin and extraction of elevation and slope to compose the map algebra process by the AHP method in order to generate the map susceptibility of the basin and conduct a discussion with the urban area of the municipality of Paragominas. The Uraim River basin It has a drainage network with area and perimeter of 4,981 km² and 202 km, respectively. The basin has a maximum altitude of 255 meters and a minimum of 1 meter in the exudation, the average altitude being 136 meters. The slope of the main watercourse calculated on the basis of the extremes (S1) showed a value of 0.08 m/m expressed a value that overestimates the mean slope of the water course, and hence the peak flood. For the variable use and occupation of the soil present variables where it can be analyzed that the Uraim river basin is in the process of altering its vegetation cover, evidencing a high index in the pasture and agriculture classes, besides the deforestation in Permanent Preservation areas, the areas evidence of high impermeability in the preservation areas. It can be seen that the neighborhoods most susceptible to flooding are in regions near the river basins of the basin: Promissão, Uraim, Cidelândia, Angelim and Cidade Nova. The AHP technique used to determine the weights of classes contributing to flood susceptibility was effective because it reduces and simplifies the proposed problem, which minimizes the errors of judgment during the process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise e modelagem hidrometeorológica na Bacia do Rio Tocantins em Marabá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SANTOS, Daniel Meninéa; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The objectives of the present work is to develop a statistical model to predict discharge or flow in Marabá-PA, as well assess the atmospheric dynamic structure associated with the extreme hydrological regime observed in the Tocantins river basin. The hydrological model based on multiple linear regressions uses time series derived from fluviometric and pluviometric stations which are obtained from ANA database. Validation tests of the statistical model with Nash coefficient above 0.9 and standard error of 1.5% and 5% during flood and drought periods, respectively, allow generating predictions of discharge with antecedence of 2 to 4 days (3 to 5 days) for the flood (drought) period. Through composites technique considering all years with record of above/very above discharge and below/very below discharge in Marabá, obtained from percentiles method, it was investigated the precipitation characteristics in basin scale and the dynamic aspects observed in each month (November to April). The composites of years with above/very above discharge showed that the rainfall on the basin was above normal in all months, and the large-scale patterns indicated a configuration associated with La Niña phenomenon over Pacific and cooling conditions over South Atlantic; intensification of both zonal/meridional ascending branch of the Walker/Hadley cell; intensification of the Bolivian High anomalously placed eastward and negative ROL anomalies associated with the joint occurrence of ZCAS and ZCIT. Conversely, the composites of years with below/very below discharge showed a predominance of precipitation below normal throughout basin, which was associated with the conditions of warming (El Niño) over Pacific, and also warm TSM anomalous over South Atlantic, cell of Walker and Hadley with weak upward movement, the positioning of the High Bolivia westward with positive ROL anomalies indicating inhibition of tropical convective activity. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of the socio-economic impacts in the main centers of Marabá revealed that approximately 10 thousand (5% of the population) people are affected by Tocantins river floods with costs in the flooding operations above R$ 500.000,00, considering the 2005 case.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação do modelo hidrodinâmico no estuário do rio Caeté (NE do Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-10-17) ABREU, Marcelo Wanderley Matos de; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429
The northern coast of Brazil is trimmed by a big and complex hydrographic net, where the main river is the Amazon. This river, as well as others smaller, flow into in the Atlantic Ocean finalist the estuaries, that are frequently defined like a stretch of the river, where occurs the interaction of the ocean and fluvial waters (transition zone). The Caeté estuary is inserted at the northeast of Pará (00º43’18" – 00º04’17" S and 46º32’16" – 46º55’11" W) that suffers influence of macro-tides and semi-diurnal with medium amplitude of 5,6 m, coastal currents (mean velocity approximately 0,75 m/s), waves of 0,7 m and Trade winds that possess NE preferential direction with medium speed of 6 m/s. That estuary is situated in a tropical region of humid climate, with annual medium temperature of 27ºC and elevated precipitation with annual medium of 2500 mm/year. In this area, are also showed, the existence of seasons with distinct characteristics: rainy (December to May), dry (June to November) and intermediate. The estuary of the Caeté river is a tide-dominated estuary (as regards the physical process), that forms an extensive coastal plain (as regards the coastal geomorphology) and well mixed (as regards waters circulation).The hydrodynamic circulation in estuary is considered as an important trial and it has a lack of studies in this area until today, principally in the North’s region of Brazil, where still have a few the studies of estuarine modeling. So, for this work were adopted the use of the hydrodynamic model with the Modeling program called SisBAHIA (Environmental Hydrodynamics Base System), aiming the observation of the general aspects of the hydrodynamic circulation in different phases of tide (high tide, low tide, flood and ebb tide) in the Caeté estuary (PA) and like this validate, through the modeling, the facts (current, tides and amplitude of tide) collected in the estuary. The methodology was performed in two phases,( fieldwork and laboratory). The phase of fieldwork consisted of: (1) hoist bathymetric, linked to the Research’s Project of the SET PROGRAM/ CT-Hidro that utilized a cartographic base previously digitalized, having like base a satellite image LANDSAT-ETM+7, beyond a digital ecobatymetric and a DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System); (2) records of elevation of the sea level, through the fixation of two digital tide predictors Orphimedes OTT-Hydrometric, located in the Maguary city, where was observed daily values to each 20 minutes during 7 consecutive days with results varying of a minimum of 0,01 m to a maximum one of 5,08 m and of 0,42 to 5,18 in the point situated in the bridge about the hole of the Maguary and in the Bacuriteua city, respectively; and (3) measure the speed of the shackles utilizing a current predictor Falmouth 2D YMCA in a point inside the model, that stayed coupled to the boat during seven consecutive days and that presented values for the currents varying of a minimum of 2,95 cm/s to a maximum one of 154,59 cm/s. In the laboratory’s phase, was carried out the trial of calibration between the facts of the model with the measurements taken in the fieldwork. They were generated simulations of the hydrodynamics conditions during the flood, ebb tide, half tide flood, half tide ebb tide, and the high value of high tide and low tide, and in the neap and spring tides. Through those simulations were generated superficial maps of currents to see the different standards of circulation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arcabouço geológico-geofísico da região nordeste do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) JORGE, Maurício Victor Elleres; ABREU, Francisco de Assis Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9626349043103626
The northeastern region of the State of Pará presents great potential for the occurrence of groundwater resources. Two hydrogeological systems are present in it: Pirabas and Barreiras. From a gravimetric survey conducted in this research, associated to secondary data collected in academic works and state projects (SIAGAS-CPRM), it was possible to advance the understanding of the regional geometric arrangement that determines the spatial distribution of the sedimentary packages. Map and geological-geophysical profiles of the bouguer anomaly behavior are presented, necessary to support the presented spatial ordering. The geophysical signature of the gravity anomalies in the Bouguer anomaly map analysis revealed positive and negative regions, which are limited by gravimetric lineaments, mainly NW-SE direction. Among the structures generated, in this arrangement, stands the Graben of Bragança - Viseu, partially contained in the work area. The indication of depth presented in the gravimetric profiles, and in the constructive profiles of wells, reveal to us outstanding aspects of the geometry of the sedimentary package. The geometric model of the morphostructural configuration of uneven tectonic blocks, responsible for the regional structuring of the area and the definition of places more favorable to the encounter of the largest thicknesses of sediments, in which the mentioned hydrogeological systems are closed, is confirmed in the obtained results. Thus, the methodologies and techniques used in this work proved to be robust to understand the geological compartmentalization of the work area, with respect to the guide with a higher success rate, the location of wells, in terms of expected productivity. as an important tool for planning and managing water resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da capacidade de autodepuração da bacia do Tucunduba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) SILVA, Andréa Maria Alves Gomes da; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The existence of organic matter in a watercourse results in the consumption of dissolved oxygen. This is due to the processes of stabilization of the organic matter made by the bacteria decomposers, which use the oxygen available in the liquid medium for their respiration. The decrease in the concentration of dissolved oxygen has several implications from the environmental point of view, constituting one of the main problems of water pollution. In view of this problem, this work aims to know the behavior of the autodepuration phenomenon in the Tucunduba River Basin in Belém-PA using the Streeter-Phelps model.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade ambiental da baía do Guajará em Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03-29) SANTOS, Letícia Furtado dos; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
Water is a fundamental natural resource for the maintenance of life, so it is of the utmost importance to preserve its quality. However, with the increase of anthropic activities, it has been under severe pressure, something that can affect its quality. Thus, it is necessary to monitor the water bodies, evaluating the physical, chemical and biological factors, in order to know if such activities are causing risks to the quality of this natural resource. The objective of this work was to evaluate the environmental quality of Guajará Bay, through the analysis of water quality, sediment and benthic macroinvertebrates. The collections occur in the year 2015 and 2016, in distinct seasonal periods, rainy and less rainy, characteristic of the Amazon region. The study was performed in 4 points (PT01, PT02, PT03 and PT04). In the water analysis, the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated; in the study of the sediment (total and leachate) was quantified the Cr, Cd, Cu and Fe metals, calculating the FC (Contamination Factor), IGeo (Geoacumulation Index) and FE (Enrichment Factor); and in the analysis of the benthic macroinvertebrates the ecological descriptors and the FAB (Bioaccumulation Factor) were evaluated. In the precipitation analysis, the precipitated volume was above the average of the normal climatological in the rainy period, and in the less rainy period it was below the average. In the chemical and microbiological analyzes of the water, the OD (dissolved oxygen) parameter was below that allowed by CONAMA Resolution nº357/05, BOD (biochemical oxygen demand) and thermotolerant coliforms above the reference limit, in addition to high concentrations of COD (chemical oxygen demand) and high CE (electrical conductivity). In the evaluation of the sediment the total sediment Cd presented values above that allowed by PEL and CONAMA nº 454/12, already in the leached phase, all the metals were within the allowed by the legislation. In general, the points presented low to moderate contamination, characterized as an unpolluted environment to a moderately polluted and enriched deficiency. In the analysis of the benthic macroinvertebrates, the most representative phylum found was the Annelida, with most of the species referring to the class Polychaeta and the subclass Oligochaeta (class Clitellata). The Oligochaetas belonging to the Tubificidae family was the most prominent. Such family is characterized as tolerant and opportunistic to situations of hypoxia, being able to inhabit in environments with eutrofizada water. The results of the ecological descriptors showed that the greatest richness, abundance, diversity and better equitability were found in the less rainy period, due to the higher concentration of nutrients and organic matter caused in this period, benthic individuals presented bioaccumulation at all points for metals Cd, Cr, Cu. The results of the matrices analyzed in the study indicated that the accumulation of pollutants in Guajará bay is due to anthropic activities, mainly by the disposal of domestic sewage without pre-treatment that is launched in this region and port activity. Thus, the importance of continuous monitoring is emphasized, given that such contamination, besides causing damages to the aquatic ecosystem, causes harm to the population, since it uses this water body for practices and recreation and fishing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos usos múltiplos das águas e viabilidade de aproveitamento da água da chuva na Reserva Extrativista de São João da Ponta, Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Mocajuba-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-17) SALAS CUESTA, Jhanier; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The supply of water with quality, quantity, continuity and reasonable cost are necessary to ensure the benefits for human health, especially in riverside and rural communities. Unsustainable anthropogenic activities, such as livestock farming and agriculture, release of polluted effluents into water bodies that may cause changes in the physical, chemical, biological and microbiological characteristics of water, consequently limiting its use. The objective of this work is to evaluate the multiple uses of water and the feasibility of using rainwater in the São João da Ponta Extractive Reserve area, belonging to the Mocajuba-Pa river basin, considering the demand and the local conditions of water supply. A theoretical and practical methodology was implemented using secondary data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), National Information System on Sanitation (SNIS), Secretariat of State for Environment and Sustainability (SEMAS) and Municipal Secretary of Health, Surveillance and Control of São João da Ponta. For the construction of the primary database, interviews were carried out at the Municipality of São João da Ponta, at the Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Secretariat and the Municipal Environment Secretariat, and forms were applied in the municipal headquarters of São João da Ponta and in the community of Jacarequara. The data was organized in a quantitative database to characterize the water consumption. From this information, it was evidenced that 76% of the population in the municipality of São João da Ponta is in a situation of poverty vulnerability. The average water consumption per capita resulted in 146 liters per day. The water consumption in agriculture is approximately 12698.9 m3/ha, and livestock demands on average 28 m³ / day per animal. Along the amount of water used for these economic activities, a greater problem is that farmers use water from nearby rivers and streams, which are the same bodies of water used for leisure by the local population. Another persistent problem is the fishermen’s use of poison from a toxic plant, known as "timbó”, which is a source of water contamination and cause of death for aquatic fauna. In addition, the physico-chemical and microbiological parameters of the water consumed in São João da Ponta were analyzed through data provided by the Municipal Health, Surveillance and Control Department, where it can be seen that approximately 83% of the samples have presence of Total Coliforms and 36.8% of E. Coli bacteria. According to information from the technical reports from the municipal headquarters, of 35 water samples collected, 94.29% were identified as unsatisfactory in the final result. An evaluation of rainwater utilization was also carried out; where the amount of rainfall in the study region was evaluated using information from rain gauges at Castanhal, Vigia and Curuçá monitored by the National Water Agency, In a complementary way, the regional estimates obtained from 43 ANA pluviometric stations (period 1985-2014) generated by the Laboratory of Hydroenvironmental Studies and Modeling. The roof measurements were taken considering the procedures adopted by the Water Utilization Research Group Of the Rainfall in the Amazon of the Federal University of Pará, through the Environmental Nucleus (NUMA) in partnership with the Institute of Technology. For the water tank sizing, five (5) methods recommended in the NBR 15527 were considered: (a) Rippl method, (b) Brazilian Practical Method or Azevedo Neto Method, (c) German Practical Method, (d) Practical Method English and the (e) Australian Practical Method. With all this information, it can be observed the region presents a rainfall index that guarantees good water supply for human consumption and some economic activities. For the processing of the data, the multi-criteria method Multipol was implemented. This tool helped in the comparison of the different actions for problems related to the water uses, considering multiple criteria and policies. It was evidenced that policies/actions of environmental education, agricultural management and environmental and water resources management policies are necessary to maintain a Blue scenario, in where water supply with adequate quality, loss control, and with ample access is guaranteed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidrogeológica em área de agricultura intensiva, na microbacia do iguarapé Cumaru, nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-30) CHAVES, Luciene Mota de Leão; TANCREDI, Antonio Carlos Felice Nicola Saverio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3080055631075788
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização hidroquímica dos aquíferos freáticos costeiros na cidade de Salinópolis-PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-06-08) RODRIGUES, Érika do Socorro Ferreira; CORRÊA, José Augusto Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527800269860568
The city of Salinópolis is located in northeast Pará, Bragantina region, on Pará State. The geology of the area is characterized by a sedimentary cover Tertiary represented by Pirabas Formation , Barreiras Group and overlying these rocks may occur sandy-clay sediments to clay-sand the quaternary called Pós -Barreiras sediments. The main hydrogeological systems Salinópolis, in general, are: a) upper aquifer system developed in the Pós-Barreiras, unconfined aquifers; b) aquifer system Barreiras, unconfined aquifers and semi-confined; c) aquifer system Pirabas, deeper confined aquifers, which is an outcropping aquifer in the region. For the study were registered 22 wells of which 17 shallow wells with depths up to 30 m (PT), two dug wells (AM) and 3 sources (FT). The collection of samples was performed at intervals of two months for a full hydrological cycle, May 2014 to March 2015. The main quality parameters investigated were water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, alkalinity, total dissolved solids and main ions : cations (Na+, K+, NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and anions (F-, Cl-, NO3- and SO42-). Hydrochemical four groups were identified in the Piper diagram: group 1 (SO4-, Cl- and Na+) that resembles the aquifer Barreiras. In the waters of group 3 rich in calcium and bicarbonate is identified with the Pirabas water aquifer (HCO3- and Ca2+) since the water in groups 2 and 4 showed characteristics of group 1 and 3. From Piper diagrams, it was observed that with increasing water recharge the group 2 and 4 water had a water connection behavior, migrating to another group hydrochemical. In Scholler diagram, even identifying the main ions was possible to see that there are mixtures in water of the same hydrochemical group, visualized by the provision in fan. In Diagram Van Wirdum was identified climate and rocks actions on the aquifers hydrochemistry. Range distribution has been observed that with the beginning of the drought wells located in car washes and near gas stations as well as near the beach and estuarine rivers showed an increase of ions dissolved in the water. As well as in natural sources or springs there was a large increase in number of ions, especially the sulfate Climate Influence, rock, ocean waters, estuarine rivers, as well as the contribution of the aquifer Barreiras and Pirabas showed a peculiar hydrochemical composition in the waters of aquifers shallow coastal city in Salinópolis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Construção e mapeamento de índice de qualidade de águas subterrâneas em Porto Velho
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) NASCIMENTO, Gerson Flôres; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
This work was carried out an area about 100 km2 in the urban perimeter of the municipality of Porto Velho - RO, where samples of groundwater of 119 wells were collected; Whose main objective was the elaboration of a groundwater quality index (IQAS). For this study, 24 variables (Electrical Conductivity, ORP, TDS, Salinity, Bicarbonate, Air Temperature, Water Temperature, Turbidity, Sulphate, Chloride, Water Hardness, Resistivity, Static Level, Ca Ion, pH, Nitrate, OD, M Ion (??), Na Ion, Ammonia Ion, Fe ion, Fluor, Mn Ion and K Ion), which were obtained from secondary data of the Brazilian Geological Survey (CPRM). The information on the contents of the studied parameters were analyzed in electronic spreadsheets where they received critical and statistical validation. From the mathematical relationships, the IQAS values were calculated using the factorial analysis technique, where it was identified that the variables that most influenced in its formation were Salinity, Electrical Conductivity, TDS, Chloride, Water Hardness and Calcium. From the IQA calculated for each sample, the ordinary kriging technique was applied to produce the IQAS thematic map. With the results of this research it was possible to identify the demographic densification zones of the urban perimeter of Porto Velho with a higher or lower index of groundwater quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição ao conhecimento das formações Barreiras Pirabas utilizando-se ferramentas da análise estrutural com vistas à aplicação em hidrogeologia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-17) SILVA, Larissa Silva e; ABREU, Francisco de Assis Matos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9626349043103626
The existence of hydraulic connection between Barreiras and Pirabas aquifers systems in the northeast area of the State of Pará, more specifically in the metropolitan region of Belém - RMB has been raised, a few years ago, by different authors from the application of various analytical techniques. This work presents further contribution to this theme, that has been aggregated to the data and to the information obtained from the use of structural analysis tools, to understand the groundwater flow mechanism and recharge conditions, which takes place in area under consideration. The work was performed from the databases on existing wells in private and public agencies. The performed structural analysis considered the geometric-kinematic elements present in the mentioned water systems and it advanced in the knowledge of the tectonic processes that have led to the conformation of the geometric arrangement present in the area, considered essentially as neotectonic. It was found that the development of brittle tectonic structures, especially holes, printed on regional rocks that enclose the water systems, leading to spatial composition of morpho-structural blocks arrangements horsts and grabens limited preferably by the NE and SW discontinuities resulting from the interaction of normal faults with strike-slip faults. The boundaries of these blocks, always marked by failures allow the interconnection of the movement of water from aquifers of different spatial positions systems, sustained by the principle of communicating vessels, the elapsing the mixture of water contained in each one of them individually. So it is impossible to keep the model advocated by several authors in the literature of regional aquifer confinement. On the other hand, the development of potentiometric maps and flow in regions of sedimentary rocks, where it is called homogeneous media, as this case is of the RMB cannot be done without considering the structural analysis, geometry and kinematics, otherwise it would be misunderstood in the preparation of such results and mistaken hydrogeological interpretation. Thus, it is necessary to review the methodologies for the preparation of these important instruments in order to obtain more precise results on the flow mechanisms, recharge and discharge of water systems which has been developed and answered in this work.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico ambiental de nascentes: um estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) FARIAS, Marília Gabriela de Sena; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The water problem over the years has gained importance in the national scenario,In this context, the State of Pará, despite having an abundance of water resources, has been in charge of these discussions, as has happened in the mobilization of the Marapanim river basin committee. The Marapanim river basin, located in the state of Pará, in the municipality of Marapanim, has clearly undergone several processes of environmental degradation, especially in its springs located in urban perimeters, it is evident that these have suffered a strong anthropic influence. Due to the local importance and the need for preservation of the sources, this research aims to carry out the environmental diagnosis in the sources of the Marapanim-Pará river basin, based on a proposal of a macroscopic environmental assessment and with the perception of residents around the springs, and the actors involved in the formation of the Marapanim river basin committee. Based on this, analyzes of the environmental quality of six sources of the Marapanim river basin were carried out. The diagnosis used the methodology of Gomes et al. the 2005, in which macroscopic parameters were taken into consideration for the study, including the apparent color of water, odor, trash, floating materials, vegetation, presence of oils and sewage, protection of springs, type of insertion area where they were located, proximity to residences and their uses (both by humans and by animals). In the study area, it was observed that of the six sources investigated ten points obtained a diagnosis of their macroscopic parameters of Bad and one point was characterized as Bad. As for turbidity, the most compromised source studied through this parameter was the Pirapema spring, which obtained 179 (UNT), a high degree of degradation was observed, as there is a strong occurrence of sewage discharge, as well as degradation of the riparian forest has influence of the urbanization, translated by means of disordered occupation. The perception of the people interviewed, when questioned if they identified problems with the sources, the majority (92.59%) of the interviewees, affirmed that yes. At the end of the study it was suggested the recovery of four springs and management of two of the six springs studied.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo hidrogeológico através de perfis geofísicos de poços e sondagens elétricas verticais (SEV's) – Salinópolis-Pa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-27) FREIMANN, Boris Chaves; ALVES, José Geraldo das Virgens; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8082136954133058; SILVA, Marcos Welby Correa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3213216758254128
It was realized a correlation of geophysical well logs from the Sanitation Company of Pará (COSANPA) drilled in the city of Salinópolis for the local supply. The study was conducted in many areas of impound, covering 15 wells. The parameters used in the correlation were Self Potential (SP), Electrical Resistivity (ER) and Gamma Ray (GR). Also, for control purposes, was used the lithological log of the wells obtained from samples of drill cutting. This correlation was conducted to evaluate the lateral continuity of permeable and impermeable layers, in order to develop sections of the subsurface with high accuracy. I was also used Vertical Eletrical Sounding (VES) for comparation efect. It was found the probable existence of two major aquifers that lie 60 meters below sea level and have lateral continuity along the full extent of the studied area. It was also found that the top of the basement in the studied area is around 120 meters below sea level. These findings are extremely important for a better location and constructive evaluation for supply wells in the future projects in the city of Salinópolis-Pa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores controladores do quimismo de águas subterrâneas da região nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1996-11-10) SOUZA, Eliene Lopes de; LIMA, Waterloo Napoleão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1229104235556506
This work was carried out in the northeastern region of Pará State with the purpose of studying the factors that control the chemism of both spring and well waters. They are waters of aquifers constituted of alteration products of granites (Tracuateua), metassediments(Santa Luzia), metavolcano-sediments(serra do Piriá) and apatite-hornblendite (ilha de Itacupim). Waters in contact with limestones were also studied. Most of these waters purposes. The are used with local population supply waters were collected in restricted zones covered by Amazonian rainforest, in areas that support second growth vegetation(capoeira) and in jungle clearings. The collect period was 1992 dry season, 1993 dry and rainy seasons, 1994 rainy season and in 1995 dry and rainy season. Petrographic and mineralogical study of alteration products and in some cases of the bedrock, indicate the possible influente of these materials in the water composition. The pedogenetics processes taking place in the studied zones were characterized. The potential of these zones for occupation purposes were also evaluated. In Tracuateua, Santa Luzia and also in the Serra do Piriá saprolitic tone, the aquifers are formed by highly weathered products, constituted basically by quartz, kaolinite and iron oxi-hidroxides. In the metavolcano-sediments/lithomarge or apatite-hornblendite/lithomarge interface, minerals like biotite, albite or apatite are frequents. The upper layer (20 cm deep) of the soils in these areas is poor in bases and displays a pH value of about 5,0. The alteration products of calcareous are base saturated, presenting pH about 8,0 and are constituted of quartz and kaolinite, with calcite in small proportion. The content of organic material in soils, about 12% in preserved areas and less than 3% in degraded areas, reflects the nature of the vegetal coverage. Waters in contact with the most weathered products are chloride and sodium rich, acidic (average pH 4,4), poor in solutes(TDS < 30 ppm), mainly of pluvial origin. Waters in contact with less altered products, derived from metavolcano-sediments and apatite-hornblendite, raise the base, silica or phosphate content, which are derived principally from the hydrolysis of primary minerals. In waters from calcareous areas the relation HCO3:Ca+Mg1 indicates carbonates dissolution. They are calcium and bicarbonate rich, righ in solutes(average TDS 230 ppm), and presents pH value about 7,0. When in contact with clay layers that contains pyrite, waters becomes sodium and sulphate rich and acidic (pH 5,0). Marines aerosols, vegetal detritus and domestic waste waters are localized sources of solutes, while the organic acids, together with the scarcity of bases, are responsible for water acidity. The upper layer of the soils of the degraded areas shows intense eluviation with subsequent relative enrichment in quartz. The use of these lands for agricultural purposes requires nutrient reposition. Where sandy-clay sediments cover limestones, the pH value is about 5, what enables the plants to take more efficiently the marine nutrients which abound in the calcareous sediments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fundamentos hidrogeológicos para gestão integrada dos recursos hídricos da região de Belém/Ananindeua - Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-12-20) MATTA, Milton Antonio da Silva; REBOUÇAS, Aldo da Cunha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7322958772719317
The main goal of this study is to present the result of an investigation carried out in the region of Belém and Ananindeua. State of Pará — Brazil. The study comprised mainly hydrogeological aspects, together with hydrochemical, geological and socioeconomic data, in order to make it possible to determine the conditions to the wise use of groundwater. This work will also contribute to the municipal and state planners with a set of technical, legal and socioeconomic, data to be used toward the water resource management in the studied area. The activities and the methods applied permitted to achieve significant results which include the characterization of the physical environment, with geomorphology, soil and climate aspects, superficial water characteristics, hydrogeological systems properties, geometrical aspects of the main aquifer units. characteristics of the groundwater flow, hydrogeochemical and bacteriological qualities of the groundwater , the estimation of the groundwater reserves and an insight on its vulnerability. Ali those technical aspects were analyzed together with the legislation framework, from the federal to the municipal scales. in order to make it possible to define the fundamental aspects to the groundwater use and protection planning and its role in the general water management practices in the studied area. The main products include a data base, inserted in a Geographic Information System (GIS), based in the SPRING 3.5.1 program, a set of thematic maps (geological, geomorphologic, hydrogeological, soils, etc.), and a set of tables and graphics showing the physical, chemical and bacteriological aspects of groundwater quality. Technical, social and political propositions were made, including hidroambiental education, institutional projects against poverty, increase of the law enforcement to protect the water resources, water save actions by the government, and joint projects toward water management. The main conclusions of the study permit to demonstrate that the main goals have been achieved, with a significant contributions to the Hydrogeology of the Belém and Ananindeua area and to the future projects involved water resources management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impacto da urbanização na qualidade das águas subterrâneas nos bairros do Reduto, Nazaré e Umarizal - Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2004-01-29) CABRAL, Natalina Maria Tinôco; MANOEL FILHO, João
The study evaluates the urban impacts in the groundwater quality of Barreiras aquifer, caused mainly by nitrogen compounds (nitrate and ammonium) from domestic sewage and aromatical composites (benzene, tolueno, ethylbenzeno and xylenes - BTEX), from underground fuel storage tanks of gasoline and diesel. The study was carried out on an area of 15 Km2, in the quarters of the Reduto, Nazaré and Umarizal in city of Belém/PA. The used methods incluided a cadastre of wells, analyses and stratigraphic well log correlations, execution of 9 periods of sampling, chemical analysis of water from and interpretation of results. The unsaturated zone, in the study area, has thickness varying of I to 9m, being conditional to the seasonals variability. Mineralogical studies of sediments collected in drill rig wells had defined a domain of quartz and, of a more subordinated form, caulinite. The grain sized analysis show a predominance of the fractions silte sand, silte arenaceous and silte clay. Test of infiltration indicated value corresponding to a material silte to silte arenaceous. Sediments with these textures, associates to the varied infiltration capacity, mineralogic composition, water levei flat and raised load of contaminants, of mainly septic and casspools, can lead to the contamination of the aquifers of the area. The aquifers ones identified are correlated to the aquifers of the Barreiras Group, having been defined two main ones. First, the most superficial one, was classified as unconfined-leaky, and as the second aquifer one was characterized as confined-leaky. The water level, by diverse reasons, had not been measured during the execution of this work. In this case, the presented measures correspond to those done ones during the time of drilling of the wells, in which had varied of less of lm, in the areas of lower topographical quotas, until 11m in the wells located in the more raised paris. Vulnerability data had established mainly that, to a large extent of the area, the Barreiras Aquifer presents contamination possibility, considering that the studied area is urban and, consequently, concentrate some potentially polluting activities. The interpretation of the directions of groundwater flows, of the studied area, shows that the main lines of preferential flow are guided for the center of the area, containning the quarter of the Reduto and part of the Nazaré. The global behavior of the variables shows that the hydrogeochemical characteristics of studied waters are differentiated, when compared with the regional standard. The main parameters that had marked this differentiation had been the electric conductivity, chloride, sodium, pH, ammonium and nitrate. It is standed out that the grades of ammonium and nitrate are above or very Glose to the limit to potability standards, and that such parameters are the main contamination indicators of waters by effluent domestic sewage. The global analysis showed for nitrate a positive correlations with electric conductivity and a weak correlation with chloride, sodium, calcium, sulphate and hardness. For ammonium one observes a positive correlation with chloride and negative correlation with calcium, sulphate, pH and hardness. This study it allowed to indicate the conductivity, chloride and calcium as good pointers of the contaminations. The effected factorial analyses had come to confirm the main comments gotten in the study of correlations. The statistical study by period of sampling, they indicate that the regional seasonality is influencing only in secondary way in the chemical behavior the studied waters. The slight enrichment, of some components, in the rainy period can be explained because, in this period, the groundwater level is raised until next to the ground , being next to the contamination sources. In the study of correlation by period of sampling, the results can be considered, without exception, similars to the gotten ones in the analysis of correlation made with the global data. The statistical analysis for a series of wells had indicated that the wells, when analyzed individually, they had shown a relatively homogeneous behavior along the periods, but when compared between itself, it was possible to distinguish wells with values always raised from those with the raised values less. In the study of the behaviors for nitrate and ammonium, it was observed that the wells, when analyzed individually, they had homogeneous behaviors. On the other hand, the joint study of the wells it allowed to the classification of 4 main styles of behavior for nitrate and ammonium. Style 1 would correspond the wells with high values of nitrate and low values of ammonium; style 2 would be characterized by high values to nitrate and ammonium; style 3 would correspond the wells with low to intermediate concentrations the nitrate and high the relatively high ammonium grades and, finally, style 4 would be translated by lower grades for ammonium, followed for intermediate nitrate grades. These styles can mean greater or minor distance of active sources of contamination, that would be, therefore, the preponderant factors in the hydrogeochemical characterization of the wells in an urban area as the studied one. In two wells a more detailed water sampling was effected. These samplings had evidenced, one more time, to little influence of the seasonality in the hydrochemical characterization of the studied wells. To identify the main types of waters, representative samples of the registered in cadastre wells had been located in the diagrams of Piper. The results had shown a trend, so that, the samples, independent of the period of sampling, to be concentrated in calcium chloride sulfate, cl sodium chloride and sodium nitrate cloride hydrochemical facies. These behaviors reflect that they are being strong affected for antropogenic factors, in detriment of natural processes. The analysis of the space distribution, of the main parameters, showed that, for nitrate, the more raised grades are located in the central and south portion of the area. The ammonium presented an inverse relation to the one of nitrate, with more raised grade the northwest and northeast of the area, diminishing for the center of the area. The map of electric conductivity coincides, in good part, with the one of nitrate, while that the chloride iso-grade map is, in a general, similar way to the one it ammonium. The iso-grade map of pH did not show any trend of correlation with nitrate. These correspondences had coincided with the comments of the studies of correlations. In the study of water contamination by gasoline/diesel, three critical areas were defined. The study finally sugests that, in regard to water samples with qualitative identification of diesel and or gasoline, the main biodegradation process, bisede the aerobic one, seems to be of nitrate one.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Influência da sazonalidade sobre as águas estuarinas dos furos da ilha de Colares (baía do Marajó)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-17) GUIMARÃES, Robledo Hideki Ebata; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429
The characterization of surface and interstitial waters in estuaries is critical to unravel the environmental conditions, environmental quality and seasonal changes, which may occur in smaller space such as the hole in the island of Colares. This work aims to show the influence of seasonality in estuarine waters in the north and south of the mouth of the hole island of Colares and the contribution of pore waters to surface waters. The physical and chemical parameters and nutrients are included: rainfall (IP), temperature, salinity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, suspended particulate matter, dissolved oxygen, Secchi depth, nitrate, nitrite, N-ammonia, phosphate, silicate and sulfate. The determination of these parameters occurred simultaneously in each mouth of the hole necklaces over a tidal cycle (13 hours) in rainy (04/10/2013) and drier (10/05/2013) periods. The results show that seasonality affects abiotic conditions of estuarine waters bore the island of Colares and deduces that P1 is the most important factor to effect the changes of physical and chemical parameters, and especially the higher charge mobility, availability and distribution of dissolved nutrients, which were found in higher concentrations in the rainy season. Although the nutrients nitrate and N-ammonia were considered very high at the mouth North, possibly related to the influence of anthropogenic activities. However were considered within the limits established by CONAMA Resolution 357/05. Mouth occurred in South pH levels outside the standard stipulated by Resolution CONAMA, but the phenomenon was considered natural since in this specific is distant from anthropogenic activities. In less rainy period the N-ammonia was found to be absent in mouth North and South. The mangrove was considered as a source of salinity, silicate and sulfate to surface waters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Qualidade da água do Rio Pericumã e sua relação com ocupação urbana em Pinheiro - MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) GOMES, João Nilson Silva; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The research was developed from September / 2015 to February / 2017 and had the objective of diagnosing and analyzing the waters of the Pericumã River in the city of Pinheiro-MA, under physico-chemical and microbiological aspects, essentially important in the characterization of water quality supply and homes. The collections were monthly at three points along the river. The analyzed parameters were: temperature, conductivity, pH, turbidity. Microbiological parameters were: total coliforms, thermotolerant bacteria and Escherichia coli. According to the results obtained it is concluded that there is a seasonal variation of the water quality of the Pericumã river in the physical-chemical parameters. Brazilian urban environments are characterized by the progressive concentration of the population, configured by a disorderly and accelerated growth that causes significant impacts on the environment, with actions that are not committed to the natural, sociocultural and urban aspects of their landscapes. Above all, due to inappropriate and improper appropriations of space for urban occupations. The landscape is subject to intense environmental fragility due to significant changes in morphogenesis, as occurs in the city of Pinheiro - MA, which represents a regional center in the center of the Maranhense Bay, where about 60% of the population lives in the urban environment of the municipality. In view of this, this research has the purpose of diagnosing the areas with socioenvironmental fragilities, of floodplain areas and urban perimeter.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A qualidade das águas subterrâneas da cidade de Salvaterra, Marajó - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017) RIBEIRO, Ronaldo Pimentel; MATTA, Milton Antônio da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9053359402276755
The present study verified the quality of groundwater in the city of Salvaterra located in the island of Marajó-Pará. The registration of 20 wells (18 tubular and 2 amazons) was carried out in five neighborhoods of the region (Caju, Centro, Paes de Carvalho, Marabá and Coqueirinho) In order to present results about the hydrogeological characteristics, physicochemical and microbiological analyzes, the samples were collected in two seasonal periods, being in the months of April (rainy period) and November (less rainy period). The main objective of this research was to outline an overview of the groundwater situation of the 20 registered wells used by the population of Salvaterra. The hydrogeological characterization of the study area was based on the descriptive analysis of four wells with 80 meters of depth of COSANPA. The results obtained were a lithologic composite profile, a composite lithologic section, a three dimensional model of hydroestratigraphy, a section composed of the geometric aspects of aquifers, two static level diagrams and two three dimensional models of seasonality. To determine the groundwater quality, the following parameters were analyzed: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, total hardness, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrate, chloride, iron, fecal coliforms and total coliforms. For the analysis of the COSANPA water treatment system, free chlorine was included. The results obtained were compared with the potability standards, according to Ministry of Health Ordinance nº 2.914. For the interpretation of the results, 12 charts of variation of values and 12 maps of isovalues and isoteores were elaborated in the seasonal periods. The pH was considered acid with maximum value of 5.9. The hardness presented soft, moderate and hard degrees in the CaCO3 composition of the groundwater. The chemical contaminations presented in the nitrate values reached 74% of the contaminated wells in the rainy season and the iron values with high concentrations in the COSANPA wells up to 3.5 mg/L. The microbiological contaminations were manifested by the presence of fecal coliforms (Escherichia coli) and total coliforms. During the rainy season, the presence of Escherichia coli was detected in 63% of the wells studied and 89% in total coliforms. In the less rainy period, Escherichia coli and total coliforms were present in 21% and 47% of the wells respectively. The results of these analyzes confirm a higher degree of contamination of nitrate, and of fecal and total coliforms of these groundwater, prevailing in greater amounts of the rainy season.