Navegando por CNPq "CNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS"

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 44

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acordo de pesca do Rio Caeté, Bragança, Pará: análise do processo de construção
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-25) TAVARES, Mayra Patrícia Corrêa; OLIVEIRA, Marcelo do Vale; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2841179890845657; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6047-939X; BARBOZA, Roberta Sá Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9331256487699477; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2367-553X
This research was developed from September 2019 to February 2023. The construction of this work was made by a bibliographic review about the theme: fishing agreements in the Amazon, use of common resource and territory, besides direct observation, semi structured interviews, use of participatory techniques (problem tree, participatory mapping, historical matrix) and analysis of collected data. According to demands of the riverside dweller communities on the Caeté River about improper fishing in the estuarine area and apprehension of fishing material, it was observed how the implementation process of the fishing agreement of Caeté River begun, such as it was analyzed several conflicts that occurred between the social actor in the space of the river that were narrated by the fishermen and community dwellers. Based on bibliographic research, the bragantina region is the first to develop a fishing agreement in the coastal region of Caeté, northeast of Pará. The fishing agreement of Caeté River is focused on at least 20 communities on the middle of Caeté River, situated on the bragantina coastal plain, northeast of Pará. The research aimed to comprehend the construction process of the fishing agreement of middle Caeté River in Bragança, Pará, analyzing the conflicts between the subject users of the space. By means of the collected data, it was determined that the conflicts of the local social groups with external fishermen and Public Bodies complicated the control and maintenance of fishing territories in the studied area. External and local fishermen introduced fishing practices that are considered “improper” by the communities as well as by environmental inspection agencies, causing several conflicts between them and the Municipal Inspection Agencies. Thus, it was possible to imply that the management rules locally established by the municipal secretariat of aquaculture and fishing of the city of Bragança together the fishermen showed an effective scenario in the maintenance of fishing stocks. Whereas that, it is noted that the agreement is an instrument of participative management, conditioning the access of a responsible way to natural resources of the estuarine where the traditional populations of the Caeté River live.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Adaptação da Escala de Ansiedade de Beck para avaliação de surdos e cegos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) SANCHEZ, Cintia Nazare Madeira; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
This study met three articles concerning the adaptation of psychological instruments to evaluate the population of deaf and blind. Considering that these instruments are not adapted to evaluate people with special educational needs, complicating diagnosis and prognosis. Therefore the need to adapt these instruments for this population is indisputable. This situation also occurs in the area of deafness and blindness, in which there is a shortage of jobs in Brazil. In the first article was conducted a literature review of instruments adapted for this population. It is concluded that the area of hearing assessment scales are adapted to various factors as psychometric for measuring depression, anxiety and intelligence, but the area of blindness instruments are suited for the assessment of cognitive functioning. The aim of the second study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) to sign language and alphabet digital generating a scale to assess anxiety in deaf users of Brazilian Sign Language (LIBRAS). The sample consisted of 25 deaf users LIBRAS (experimental group) and 25 listeners (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic, and panic. Therefore BAI adapted showed validity equivalent to BAI standard to assess anxiety in deaf, the items appear to have adapted the modified factor structure of the instrument, thus allowing its use in the assessment of anxiety in deaf users of LIBRAS. The third study was conducted with visually impaired, this deficiency is most prevalent in the population reaching 35.8 million people with difficulty seeing even with corrective lenses, and 506,3 thousand are blind. Despite the significant number of blind in the literature there are few studies of adapting assessment tools for the blind, as they are evaluated on the parameters of the seers. Given this reality, the objective of this study was to adapt the Beck Anxiety Scale (BAI) for Braille generating a scale to assess anxiety in blind Braille users. The sample consisted of 25 blind Braille users (experimental group) and 25 seers (control group), aged between 18 and 25 years of age of both sexes, matched for age and sex. The application was made in a group. Following the guidelines, the subjects completed the scale, the scale pattern control group and the experimental group the adapted scale. The results of the study showed that the BAI adapted not statistically significant compared to the standard scale and total anxiety subscales: subjective, neurophysiological, autonomic. Subscale panic in this difference was statistically significant at the limit. Therefore BAI adapted showed equivalent BAI validity standard for evaluating anxiety blind, adapted items seem to have modified the factor structures of the instrument, allowing their use in the evaluation of anxiety in users blind Braille.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos índices de qualidade de vida amazônicos por meio de indicadores sociais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-27) FARIAS, Ana Paula Vilhena; SERUFFO, Marcos Cesar da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3794198610723464; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8106-0560; PIRES, Yomara Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5304797342599931; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7724-6082
The Amazonian scenario is diverse, where ways of life, as well as its quality, are directly related to environmental and social interactions. From the analysis of the indicators used in the Amazon Social Progress Index and Pastoral da Criança and considering the high degree of subjectivity that comprises Quality of Life, it would be possible to develop a methodology to measure these indexes aimed at the Amazonian social sphere that address the quality of life? The objective is to understand the quality of life in Amazonian municipalities through indicators that portray developments based on social performances such as the Amazon Social Progress Index and the Pastoral da Criança. The data analysis methodology will be carried out in two ways: firstly through the Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) process originating from data from Pastoral da Criança and the second will be based on the Systematic Mapping of the Social Progress Index (IPS) of the Amazon based on the PICOC methodology (P: population/patients; I: intervention; C: comparison/control; O: result; C: context). Research and databases, bibliographic review, study and selection of productions, characterization, study and monitoring in the field and comparative report between these were carried out. With regard to the results obtained, it is noted that IPS Amazônia, in its latest reports, did little to address the traditional peoples who inhabit the corresponding area, as well as the periodicity of its publications. Pastoral da Criança, on the other hand, does not operate in the environmental area and excludes other audiences from its support other than pregnant women, babies and children up to 6 years of age. It is noteworthy that both sources of research and QoL activities benefit, but do not completely meet the needs of the region, providing a basis to guide public policy planning and actions aimed at the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação do procedimento de decomposição comportamental para a descrição de competências no contexto público federal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-18) RAMOS, Camila Carvalho; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
The Competency Management model was introduced in Brazil through Decree 5,707 / 2006 to guide the development of personnel in the Federal Public Administration. Although many organizations seek to implement this new management model, little attention has been given to the description of ompetencies. According to previous researches, teaching objectives or, in this study, competence, need to specify the concrete behavior of a professional who should be learned or improved from the training activities. The objective and exact specification of these competencies is a crucial first step in the whole process of management. The aim of this study was to apply the behavioral decomposition procedure to improve the description of competencies a federal public institution. To do so, they were prepared and analyzed five problematic conditions of the descriptions of competencies which could hinder its operation. The study was conducted in a federal public institution was divided into the following phases: 1) Competency Mapping, 2) Categorization; 3) Analysis of the descriptions of competencies and behavioral decomposition. As a result of mapping it has identified 191 competencies. The decomposition results showed that 93.20% of skill descriptions presented at least one of the five problematic conditions. In addition, when analyzing and decomposing mapped competencies have been identified behavioral 1,168 units. The results confirm the suitability of the decomposition procedure to improve the description of competencies. The categorization of failures formulation, developed in the educational context, proved useful to the organizational context. Subsequent studies should explore the possible impact of the procedure here about the effectiveness of subsequent stages of management by competencies such as setting priorities for training activities for the institution to achieve its strategic objectives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Brinquedo encostado: lockdown e antropização no Terreiro de Mina Nagô de Iansã e Xangô em São Miguel do Guamá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-10) FONSECA, Daniel Xavier da; LEAL, Luiz Augusto Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967678999713659
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Como adolescentes apreendem a ciência e a profissão de cientista?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-08) REZNIK, Gabriela; MASSARANI, Luisa Medeiros; SILVA, Marina Ramalho e; MALCHER, Maria Ataide; AMORIM, Luís Henrique de; CASTELFRANCHI, Yurij
The media representations play an important role on the perception of girls toward the scientific universe. In this paper, we seek to understand perceptions of female teenagers about science and scientists, using as stimulus TV stories from Jornal Nacional and Fantástico, of Rede Globo. We held four focus groups with students of the 2nd year of high school of public and private schools. Among the visions of the scientific activity we highlight: the association of science to the contents of school disciplines offered in elementary and secondary school; the association of science with experimentation and discovery; the vision of science as accumulation of knowledge as linear growth. We have not identified clear differences in perceptions of teenagers from different social classes. By using a qualitative approach - little explored in studies on public perceptions of S&T - this study may contribute to a deeper understanding of the perception of teenagers toward the scientific activity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuições da análise do comportamento para reabilitação verbal de crianças usuárias de implante coclear
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-06-27) PEREIRA, Fabiane da Silva; VERDU, Ana Claudia Moreira Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3777028853675653; ASSIS, Grauben José Alves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0722706223558223
This study is characterized by a research portfolio, which involves Behavior Analysis, linguistic behavior and cochlear implant. It got together a study of the literature review, and two experimental studies that tried to verify the effect of Multiples Examples Instructions (MEI) procedures, which started with different methods, and also with a list of deaf children naming and cochlear implanted children. The naming concept and the method used on the last 20 years were reviewed. The study 1, experimental, investigated on three children that are cochlear implanted, the effect of the Multiples Examples Instructions procedures on the repertory integration of hear and speak. The study 2, experimental, evaluate in a child that was late cochlear implanted the effect of teach only of the listening repertory about naming, and the MEI about naming repertory. The literature review showed that the naming concept uses like described by Horne and Lowe (1996) has increased on the Behavior Analysis literature. And three procedures have been used during 20 years: hand sorting, MEI and Pairing naming. The study 2 results indicated that the MEI procedure was essential to the hearer and speaker repertory integration, which reduced the performance differences between speak and listen people. And the study 3 results showed that were necessary extra exposes to MEI to naming emergency. It discuss the possibility of new procedures at speak and hear abilities of cochlear implanted children.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Coordenação do comércio atacadista de pescado no mercado do ver-o-peso, em Belém-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09) OLIVEIRA NETO, Francisco Abraão Gomes de; DINIZ, Janaina Deane de Abreu Sa; LEITÃO, Wilma Marques; SAMPAIO, Dioniso de Souza
The Ver-o-Peso Market, freely translated as “check-the-weight” market, is one of the main fish unloading and marketing sites in Brazil. Thirty five thousand tons of fish are unloaded yearly at the market, involving several groups of individuals, such as balanceiros, local conditioned agents who trade the local production. The present research intends to demonstrate, through Economical Sociology assumptions, the importance of balanceiros in the fish commercialization model installed at Ver-o-Peso Market. The adopted methodology included bibliographic and documental research, semi-structured interviews, direct observation, audio and video registration. The analysis of the collected information was carried out through tabulation and ranking according to the assumptions of the Economical Sociology. The results demonstrate the importance of balanceiro as the logistical commerce coordinator of the transactions that are performed in the wholesale market of fresh fish on Pedra, the commercialization at the Ver-o-Peso Market. This study offers to the sector researchers and managers a perspective based on individual and collective motivations of the individuals involved in the establishment and development of local markets, in a context that goes beyond the economical assumptions of supply and demand, in a perspective that the keyword is social embeddedness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crenças de Eficácia de Professores no Contexto de Ensino.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-19) FERNANDES, Ana Patrícia de Oliveira Ana Patrícia de Oliveira; RAMOS, Edson Marcos Leal Soares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8324947891255931; PONTES, Fernando Augusto Ramos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1225408485576678
This present research had as main purpose to investigate the efficacy beliefs (individual and collective) of teachers as well as their relationship to the teaching context and some specific areas of teaching activities. This work is divided into four studies: a) the study first reported the state of the art about research on teaching self-efficacy beliefs, especially within a period not investigated previously, in order to guide future studies indicating some trends and evidencing gaps to be filled, such as more research to verify the relationship between selfefficacy and academic performance, as well as the relationship between teacher self-efficacy and public policies that may favor the teaching-learning process; b) the study 2 investigated the relationship between the beliefs of teacher self-efficacy and collective efficacy, and between teaching and self-efficacy variables as time experience, academic background, level of education and class size may have important implications in the teaching-learning process ; 3 study highlighted the need to understand how the teaching work environment can influence and be influenced by the beliefs of collective efficacy, as of contextual variables (operating time in the function / series where he teaches, time of experience in teaching, journey work and school infrastructure); The study investigated the teachers' view about their efficacy beliefs and their relationship to some specific areas of teaching practice in the education context. This work consists of four articles. The 1st article is characterized as systematic review, the method is the use of graphs and their geometric representations. The 2nd and 3rd items are made up of empirical studies, quantitative, with a sample of 495 teachers. The 4th study consists of a qualitative research, with sample 4 participants. Samples of all studies are composed of teachers of basic education, the kindergarten through high school, a private school confessional network. The results indicated that contextual factors can influence the beliefs of teacher effectiveness, with implications for the teaching-learning process. The Social Cognitive Theory helped to provide evidence that the development of trust constitutes an important motivational aspect to achieve the targets set in the education context, helping to think about improvements in the teacher's working environment as well as public policies that favoring more favorable contexts to the strengthening of efficacy beliefs of teachers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crianças e adolescentes em acolhimento institucional: perfil e situação sociojurídica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-18) PANTOJA, Vanessa Dias; MAGALHÃES, Celina Maria Colino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1695449937472051
The present research aimed to analyze the procedural information related to the foster care of children and adolescents who were under protective measure in an institution in the period of 2019 and 2020, in the city of Belém/PA. The study included the filling of 30 medical records. For data collection, two forms were used, one for characterization of children and the other for characterization of adolescents. The data were analyzed quantitatively by means of descriptive statistics. The results showed a predominance of female children and adolescents in the age group of 8 to 11 years old and that most of them were in elementary school. The main reasons for foster care were family neglect, abandonment, sexual violence and physical violence. About 86.7% of the children and adolescents had siblings in the same institution. Most of the fostered children were in their first foster care. The time they had been in the current institution was more than 18 months for most of the participants. Regarding the socio-legal situation of those who were fostered during the research period, the priority was the return to the family of origin, in its different arrangements. The results found point to the need for updated studies about the profile of children and adolescents in foster care and their families, before, during and after foster care, in order to contribute to the reflection about the practice of foster care institutions and to the improvement of public policies aimed at this population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
De imigrantes na Amazônia a nobres em Portugal: Visconde de Monte Redondo, Visconde de Penedo e Visconde de Nazaré
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-30) QUARESMA, Luís Augusto Barbosa; SARGES, Maria de Nazaré dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2076421409418420
The dynamics that are found in the trajectory of the cities present them as elements in constant transformation, effervescence, movements, interruptions and continuities that (re)write themselves as the time goes by. Such scenario can be found in the city of Belém, capital of the state of Pará, which, in the period between 1870 and 1914, inserts itself in the period called Belle Époque, when significant changes occurred, which marked the trajectory of the city and of the people that lived in it towards the modernity that was materializing from the 19th century to the 20th century. In this scenario, there’s a significant flux of European immigrants that moved to the Amazon region, mainly, in the case of this study, of Portuguese people. In this context, this thesis has the goal of understanding the trajectory of Joaquim Antonio de Amorim (Viscount of Monte Redondo), Antonio José Antunes Sobrinho (Viscount of Penedo) and Bernardo Antonio Nunes (Viscount of Nazaré), who stablished themselves at the capital of Pará during the heyday of the rubber market. A diversified theoretical basis was used, which gave support to the construction of the trajectory of these individuals, as well carrying out documental and iconographic research, based on newspapers and official sources, such as reports, testimonies, inventories in institutions with collections that collaborated with this work. The results showed that such subjects had relevant roles in the socioeconomical dynamic of Belém, got involved with cultural, structural and sanitary changes of the city, which brought them to economical and sociopolitical prosperity. They left marks in the city and in the Portuguese community, thus, this thesis reveals the importance of these people to the existing Portuguese community in Pará and to the other people that transited in the Amazon city between the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desamparo aprendido com o zebrafish (Danio rerio)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-23) NASCIMENTO, Gabriela Souza do; GOUVEIA JUNIOR, Amauri; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417327467050274
Exposure to uncontrollable aversive events leads to difficulty in learning contingency relations, escape and/or avoidance. Such phenomenon was named learned helplessness and it has been correlated to depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. This thesis is composed by three studies that together have the aim of: producing learned helplessness in Danio rerio (Study I); investigating the effects of light on the escape test (Study II) and evaluating the effects imipramine have on learned helplessness when applied acutely in Danio rerio (Study III). In every experiment it was used an acrylic shutllebox (INSIGHT equipment) which contained a central area (removable) that enabled the isolation of the subjects. The general protocol consisted in two phases: 1) Treatment, each subject of the Uncontrollable shock (USH) treatment was subjected to 60 random and uncontrollable shocks (0.7 – 0.9V, lasting 30 seconds each), in this phase the subjects of the group that didn't receive treatment with electric shock (NSH) only remained in the central area for 60 minutes; and 2) Test, each subject from both groups was subjected to an escape session with 30 shocks (0.7 – 0.9V, maximum duration of 30 seconds each). In Study I, 3 groups were used, one experimental (EGUSH) and two controls, one remaining in the experimental aquarium for 60 minutes without shock (CG-NSH). In Study II, 4 groups were used, a pair from NSH and USH subjected to the light test, another pair (NSH and USH) underwent the test no light condition. In Study III 6 groups were used according to the concentration of imipramine administered during 10 minutes before the test session: 0.0 mg/l NCH; 0.0 mg/CHI; 1.0 mg/l NCH; 1.0 mg/l CHI; 2.0 mg/l NCH; e 2.0 mg/l CHI. The main results show that it is possible to create learned helplessness in Danio rerio (study I), considering light as a variable that can interfere directly in the acquisition of the phenomenon (study II), in addition, it was showed that acute imipramine in the doses administered here did not revert the learned helplessness in Danio rerio.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da apresentação intermitente de consequências culturais sobre contingências comportamentais entrelaçadas e seus produtos agregados
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-28) VICHI, Christian; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
The social behavior of an individual can be interlocked with the others and give rise to interlocking behavioral contingencies (IBCs), whose coordination can generate aggregate products (APs) with the function of cultural consequences (CCs). Such elements may take part in a metacontingency, thus configuring the selection process at the cultural level. In complex cultural practices, a receiving system (RS) can perform the function of releasing CCs. Experiments have shown that CCs can select and keep the IBCs and their APs. Other studies have suggested the possibility of maintain and even install the IBCs and their APs through intermittent CCs on VR2, and extinguish them. The present study investigated the possibility of maintain the IBCs and their APs by applying intermittent CCs on a CRF, FR2, VR3, FR3 and VR3 schedule and the effect of the subsequent suspension of CCs. The study included 93 participants from higher education, appointed to one of five experiments. Each group had one to three participants at the same moment, and each participant chose a line in a 10x10 matrix with numbered rows of five different colors and alphabetically named columns. After each participant chooses a row, the experimenter chose a column whose intersection cell could contain a black circle that gives a token worth 10 cents for the participant. The same procedure was then applied to the other participants. In some phases, when the color of the line chosen by each participant differed from the others it was applied a CC on the group, in the form of stickers exchangeable for donation school supplies. The groups that composed the experiment were exposed to different metacontingencies: CRF, FR2, VR2, VR3 and FR3, and all were exposed to a final extinction. All groups began with one participant on the selection phase and gradually the complexity was increased adding participants and changing metacontingencies. At the end of the study, participants answered a brief questionnaire. The results corroborated the data found in literature, suggesting the selection of IBCs and their PAs and their maintenance through the application of intermittent CCs in schedules of FR2, VR2, VR3 and FR3. The study was unable to determine whether there were differences in resistance to extinction of IBCs comparing the various tested schedules, because this was not clearly obtained. However, an analysis of cultural variability suggests the beginning of an extinction process due to increased variability of the IBCs along extinction. It also suggests IBCs should conform to analogous principles to those observed in operant variability. The verbal descriptions of the contingencies of reinforcement were very common among participants, but the descriptions of metacontingencies occurred with lower frequency, especially those exposed to Extinction and VR3.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de antecedentes sociais sobre a seleção de práticas culturais de complexidade progressiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) LEITE, Felipe Lustosa; TOURINHO, Emmanuel Zagury; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5960137946576592
Metacontingencies describe functional relations between (a) interlocking behavioral contingencies (IBCs), (b) its aggregate product (AP) and (c) an environmental event contingent to the relation between IBC and AP – cultural consequence (CC). Seeking to analyze the inclusion of antecedent elements in metacontingencies, the present study had the objective to assess the effects of concurrence between cultural systems on the evolution of more complex IBCs. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of a concurrence context on the evolution of more complex interlocks. The results indicated that the concurrence context influenced the selection of more complex IBCs, with and emphasis highlighted on the role of vocal verbal interactions among members of different cultural systems. Experiment 2 evaluated the effects of the verbal interactions among members of different cultural systems on the evolution of more complex interlocks. Experiment 3 investigated the effects of cultural consequences of varied magnitudes, proportional to the degree of complexity of the interlock on the evolution of more complex IBCs. The results indicate the procedure was effective in selecting interlocks that are more complex. The data of these studies suggest that cultural antecedents of social nature influence the evolution of cultural practices and need further experimental investigations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Emília Snethlage e Heloísa Alberto Torres: gênero, ciência e turismo na Amazônia do século XX
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-04) ALBERTO, Diana Priscila Sá; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267
The presence of women in the history of science, especially in the Western world, is intertwined with the very constitution of this field of knowledge, but for a long time they have remained in the shadows of male performance. The historical science, since its birth, has marked the "man" as the central character of the narratives and, even though some scholars pointed out that women were included in this historical being, the disciplinary field of history kept them away from the stage of mankind's sociocultural formation. Scientific travel, from the 19th century on, proved to be a rich path to problematize this vision and the meanings of its silences, allowing interpretative connections between science, gender, and tourism. The history of female participation in the history of sciences in the Amazon in the 20th century, focusing on the performance and legacy of two women scientists, one German and one Brazilian, Emília Snethlage (1868-1929) from the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - MPEG and Heloísa Alberto Torres (1895-1977) from the Museu Nacional do Rio de Janeiro - MNRJ, is the central theme of this thesis. These scientists, who lived experiences in regions of Brazil, especially in the Amazon, used tactics to build an important path in their fields of expertise in the natural sciences (ornithology) and humanities (anthropology). Their expeditions left important clues for the investigation of the history of tourism in the region, by presenting elements that made up the modern tourist phenomenon, such as lodging, food, and transportation. From this contextualization, the objective of this work was to investigate, in the light of studies on the history of science, gender and tourism, the female participation played, in particular, by Emília Snethlage and Heloísa Alberto Torres, in the construction of scientific knowledge in the Amazon in the early twentieth century, entering into their professional trajectories, strategies and their respective universes. In relation to the problematic, the question was asked about the importance of the role of women in the history of science in Brazil and how was the specific participation of these scientists in the Amazon? The research was based on Edward P. Thompson with Social History and his reflections on experience and tactics in everyday life; Carlo Ginzburg with Micro-History when entering in the indications of other paths taken by them; Michelle Perrot, Londa Schiebinger and Anne McClintock when referencing the role of women in the scientific field, helping to inquire forms of coloniality experienced in the daily life and work of Emília and Heloisa. As far as tourism studies are concerned, we dialogued with Paulo de Assunção, Alexandre Panosso Netto, and Helena Doris. A. B. Quaresma when dealing with the reflection of the tourist phenomenon and its openings in history and research in the Amazon. The methodological path traced clues of the performance of these women of science in the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Guilherme de La Penha Archives. Files on Emília Snethlage were also searched in virtual media at the Biblioteca Nacional Digital and at the Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins, where a collection on Heloísa Alberto Torres was found. The documentary research started in 2018 and went on until mid-2022, mainly by virtual environment, due to the Covid-19 pandemic. To answer the problematic of the thesis, the research mapped and analyzed evidence in newspapers, articles produced by these scientists, personal and institutional letters, and novels, which made visible experiences and practices of these scientists in their institutions and in the daily life of research in the Amazon. Based on these findings, the thesis demonstrates that Emília and Heloísa played a fundamental role in the construction of science in the Amazon, through their actions and "world sensibilities", at a time of full hegemony of male domination in the scientific field. These women built their trajectories in ornithology and anthropology in such a way that their publications and scientific achievements spread beyond their institutions, making their mark in the history of science in Brazil and abroad. Furthermore, the trips have revealed new directions for understanding the tourist phenomenon in the Amazon region, since they have used the constituent elements of the practice in the activity. Thus, they contributed to think the emergence of a new epistemology about tourist trips.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estratégias de dominação empresarial e resistências comunitárias na Amazônia maranhense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018) CASTRO, Raifran Abidimar de; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4702941668727146
This research had as object of study the relationship between the companies Vale S/A and Suzano Papel Celulose S/A, with their rural communities of the settlement Francisco Romão, in Açailândia (MA), and the Extractive Reserve of the Ciriáco, Cidelândia (MA). This study aimed to analyze/interpret the repercussions of these relations in everyday life in the community, and in forms of corporate performance before the settlers and the tappers coconut. To access all the intricacies of these relations adopted the theory of Pierre Bourdieu as a theoretical-methodological axis; interviews were held with representatives of the communities and enterprises; complementing with documentary analysis and in the field. It was identified that companies seek, with its strategies of domination, using mainly their financial and cultural capitals, extend its powers on communities. Vale and Suzano exploit the economic weaknesses of the settlers and the tappers coconut, to establish a representation that strengthens its corporate powers. In relation to the settlers and the tappers coconut, it is noteworthy that it must strengthen them to the political struggles, legal, and mainly symbolic, considering that it was identified important demonstrations of resistance to business strategies. It was found that, while there is commitment of the valley and the Suzano in implementing strategies of domination, the communities have lit in their practices the essences of everyday resistance in defense of their rights.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estresse e resiliência em pais de crianças com paralisia cerebral
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-11-10) CUNHA, Katiane da Costa; SILVA, Simone Souza da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9044423720257634
This PhD thesis aimed to investigate the parental stress levels, their relationship to the degree of sons of motor impairment with cerebral palsy, a possible association between stress and resilience of parents of children with cerebral palsy and identify protective factors and risk in the words of parents little stressed. This research is organized in five studies, being constituted by theoretical sessions (Studies 1 and 2) and empirically (study 3, 4 and 5). The first theoretical study describes the importance of the family for the development of children with cerebral palsy according to bioecological theory of human development Bronfenbrenner. For this presents a discussion on family, typical and atypical development, families of children with disabilities and family implications arising from the birth of a child with cerebral palsy. The second theoretical study it is a systematic review consisting of 26 articles published between 2003 and 2015. The findings of this review showed the Parental Stress Index reduced version (PSI S / F) and the Classification System Function Gross Motor (GMFCS) as the main psychometric instruments used for the evaluation of parental stress and motor impairment in children with cerebral palsy, respectively. Moreover also it showed that the aspects relating to fathers and mothers and children with CP, among others, greatly influence the manifestation of stress in the studied parental population. With regard to studies of the empirical section, we emphasize that all were conducted with parents of children diagnosed with cerebral palsy (ICD- 10-G80) met in a federal reference public hospital in the state of Pará, and 92 participated in the first and according to studies that session (studies 3 and 4). The latest study (Study 5) was performed with 101 parents at first, followed by the final sample consisted of seven participants. Regarding the instruments used in these empirical studies, it is emphasized that in all were used Inventory demographic Partner (ISD), the GMFCS and PSI / SF, and Connor's Resilience Scale and Davidson (CD-RISC) only used in 4 study and focus group technique only in the study 5. Finally as regards the analysis of the data was performed using the statistical package SPSS version 20.0 with a significance level of p <0.005 for quantitative analysis and NVivo software to 10 qualitative analysis. The findings of empirical studies have shown that found approximate age range of children with cerebral palsy in both stressed parent groups and little stressed, but highlighted the presence of younger parents in the stressed parent group and prolonged union of parents when children with cerebral palsy was born in the little group of stressed parents (study 3). Moreover, it was observed in the study 4 that the following items ISD parents union time, age of child, age of parents, school adjustment, health problems, government benefit, child attends school and town you live interacted with RISC CD factors were: courage / determination, adaptability, social support and control, adversity, tolerance, self-efficacy, social support and trust and full resilience, explained the resilience in groups of stress obtained. Furthermore, this research showed that older fathers are more likely to have high resilience, the same occurring with parents of younger children. Finally, there was a higher frequency of protective accounts, mainly related to the person, and others on the context and time, which may explain the low level of stress found (study 5). Finally it is hoped that this research will encourage the development of public policies of assistance to families of children with chronic conditions, such as cerebral palsy, to ensure the creation and implementation of assistance programs aimed at detection and treatment when necessary, the symptoms of parental emotional stress.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A experiência da solidão a partir do olhar de pessoas idosas do Programa Grupo de Educação na Terceira Idade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-21) RIBEIRO, Simone Correia; ANJOS, Francisco Valdinei dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5035093639365870; RAMOS, João Batista Santiago; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8078757512392983
Based on the elements that contribute to the occurrence of the phenomenon of loneliness in the elderly, this research proposes a reflection on the experience of loneliness from the perspective of elderly people from the Grupo de Educação na Terceira Idade (GETI) Program. The study aims to investigate, based on the various dimensions of loneliness, the social/personal elements that cause the experience of loneliness among elderly people at GETI and, to achieve this objective, we carried out a study with a qualitative approach and the production of data was carried out at from the application of a previously structured interview script, whose questions were directed to the following categories: family life experience, network of social relationships and feeling of loneliness. For the analysis of the data produced, we used the content analysis method, which according to Bardin (2015) refers to a grouping of communication analysis techniques. This analysis technique allows the researcher to observe the different forms of communication that the interviewee emits during the interview. The research was carried out in the municipality of Castanhal, northeast of Pará, with elderly people from GETI, UFPA, Campus de Castanhal. The data were produced between November 2020 and May 2021, totaling 6 (six) subjects interviewed, 1 (one) man and 5 (five) women over 60 years of age. The investigation revealed that, due to the global/current pandemic scenario caused by SARS-CoV-2, the phenomenon of loneliness is more present and has presented itself in its most harmful version in the life of the elderly. Factors such as social distancing, the loss of loved ones and family members, in addition to anxiety, have had harmful impacts on the daily lives of the elderly. It is concluded that the construction of the data highlights the importance and the possibility of reflecting on the dimensions of the loneliness phenomenon in the life of the elderly, as well as on the importance of affective-social relationships in the routine of this public, as a way of providing them with support with the changes required by aging and, consequently, help in experiencing a better quality of life in old age. The importance of the role of public policies that govern the laws of the elderly and guarantee their rights is highlighted. It is important, however, to highlight that society needs to know and value these laws and treat the elderly as active and significant subjects, worthy of enjoying their rights and living in safety. Society, therefore, can provide the advancement of struggles for the rights of the elderly, for the dignity of aging and for compliance with the laws (BETTINELLI; PORTELLA, 2004).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Finitude e morte: o “ser-para-a-morte” de Heidegger como limite e horizonte da compreensão humana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-27) BRAGA, Arnin Rommel Pinheiro; SEIBT, Cezar Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7464213317216078; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0166-0919
This research revolves around the question of a more experiential understanding of human existence from the perspective of finitude. Assuming that every human understanding of oneself, others, and the world around us arises not only – and exclusively – from reason but also – and fundamentally – from all its vital, historical, and cultural aspects that constitute finite human existence and its world of relationships, this research will focus on the analysis of the human reality that presents itself as the most evident index of finitude: death. For this, we will employ the phenomenology-hermeneutics of the German philosopher Martin Heidegger (1889-1976). In this approach, the author seeks a "return to the things themselves," meaning that he does not aim to define the phenomenon in pre-existing categories already taken as evident. Instead, he primarily seeks to approach the phenomenon from the most experiential and original level as it reveals itself and is perceived by us. In this sense, through phenomenology-hermeneutics, Heidegger suggests that human existence reveals itself fundamentally as Dasein, or "being-there”. Once in existence, Dasein already reveals itself as a "being-towards-death”. Its existence unfolds within the bounds of temporality and mortality. Death, in turn, is not a reality external to the existence of Dasein, as if it came from outside and visited it at a certain moment in its life. Instead, death, as an intrinsic reality to the existence of Dasein, is the most certain, irremissible, and insurmountable possibility. Therefore, death reveals itself as a unique reality for each Dasein, and through it, existence always shows itself as an increasingly personal reality. Therefore, this research posits the hypothesis that death – understood within the framework of "being-towards-death" – unveils and releases a more authentic understanding of human existence. This understanding does not generalize or define existence based on pre-existing concepts but rather starts from human existence itself at its most personal and experiential level. "Being-towards-death" reveals that human existence can never be confined within a preconceived conceptual framework but always manifests as a possible, open, unique reality, and, most importantly, as an increasingly personal reality. Based on this, we believe that by reclaiming the finite ground of human existence through the understanding of "being-towards-death," we can once again bring available psychologies – and the psychologist's practice in the clinical setting – to the mode of being in human existence that is most inherent: being open to possibilities and the human characteristic of not closing oneself off to determinisms that can cause suffering. We think that by reclaiming this finite ground often concealed by the conception of a self-sufficient "thinking subject", human existence can be experienced in a more dynamic, historical, open, and responsible manner. Contemplating death and finitude restores in the human being an attitude of responsibility toward life—a life that is open and always possible, constructing and deconstructing itself, where the human being is continually compelled to "gain oneself or lose oneself”.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Grãos na floresta: estratégia expansionista do agronegócio na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) COSTA, Solange Maria Gayoso da; ALMEIDA, Alfredo Wagner Berno de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596401343987246; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684
This thesis aims to analyze the social structures of the field of soybean production in Amazon, as well as the various strategies used by the main actors in society. The primary findings of this study is that the growth of soybean plantations in the Amazon does not constitute mere agricultural expansion, but the result of a planned expansionist strategy of agribusiness grain established on four structural elements: the specialized migration, the land market, the logistical infrastructure of transport and disposal of production and the influence of environmental factors in the organization of productive activity. For demonstrate this strategy, taking as reference the theoretical-methodological of Bourdieu’s fieldwork theory and empiricism as the field of soybean production in the middle region of the Lower Amazon, with the identification of the social dynamics of each element and their relationships, as well as the positioning of social actors in the economic field. Also this demonstrates that in the field of soybean production, key stakeholders are organized in associative networks equipped with internal hierarchical positions among themselves, that in certain situations and moments hold common interests. Thus, it identifies the existence of two large integrated networks by social agents of agribusiness (the producers and agribusiness) and a third formed by social workers who suffer the effects of the field (family farmers, peoples and traditional communities). In the third network agents have in common the "fragile" condition to impose their way of life and maintain their territory before the aggressive expansionist strategy of agribusiness, led by its agents and the State. The study evidences also that the field of production of soybeans is a territory of struggle between antagonistic forms of appropriation and use of natural resources in the Amazon.