Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2343

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Análise cladística de Edessa (Hypoxys) com a descrição de um grupo novo de espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) MENDONÇA, Maria Thayane da Silva; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Genus Edessa has many problems of taxonomy and nomenclature, but to make the revision of the genus in only one study becomes impracticable due to the large number of species (<600 species), so it was proposed to review small groups of species. The subgenus Hypoxys is a monophyletic group according to the single phylogenetic analysis, supported by four synapomorphies. This subgenus of Edessa has 17 described species and more than 40 new species for science, according to an unpublished revision. Thus, this work aims to propose a group of species within Hypoxys, to describe 15 new species, and to make an identification key for them, as well as to run a cladistic analysis to Hypoxys. Thereby, we intend to test the monophyly of Hypoxys and relationship among species with the inclusion of more species and new characters. Thirty-five specimens from national and foreign institutions and private collections were analyzed. These specimens were described, measured and photographed. For the cladistic analysis, a data matrix with 35 taxa and 39 characters was made using Mesquite software, the matrix was calculated in TNT and the cladogram was edited using WinClada. The maximum parsimony was used to run the cladistic analysis. To reduce the final number of trees implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) was used. To verify the values of clade support, the relative bremer support and the symmetric resampling method were calculated. The analysis without implicit weighing resulted in 73 trees with 78 steps, consistency index 57 and retention index 89. The analysis with implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) resulted in 37 trees with 76 steps, consistency index 59 and retention index 90. Tree topology was similar using or not implicit weighing. All resulting trees from relative bremer and symmetric resampling showed high branch support for Hypoxys and the target group. The results corroborate Hypoxys as monophyletic, being formed by three large groups, which share seven synapomorphies and three homoplasic synapomorphies: ventral coloration of the humeral angles of color; scutellum with dark spot in the anterior third present; apex of the dorsal rim fused to the margin of the posterolateral angles; excavation in rounded metapleuron; no roughness of the textured surface of the evaporatorium; presence of the dorsal rim with a thickness variation from the center to the posterolateral angles; format of the straight paramere; presence of a flap in the ventral region of the proctiger; presence of a "carpet of hairs" on the ventral rim; expansion of the ventral rim of the tumid. In addition, the target group has other additional diagnostic features, they are: the posterior region of the hyaline pronotum, brown, extending to the posterior margin of the pronotum; conexivum without stains; two pairs of circular, dark spots on the ventral part of the thoracic surrounded by a greenish ring; ventral region evenly green with a central yellowish color in the abdomen; dark and circular spots next to the pseudosutures; posterior margin of the gonocoxite 8 projected later. The result of the analysis showed the clade Hypoxys as monophyletic, as well as the target group of this work composed by 15 new species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Canais e poros do sistema laterossensorial cefálico em Callichthyidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Loricarioidea): anatomia comparada, sinonímia e implicações gilogenéticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-02) LEÃO, Manuela Dopazo de Vasconcellos; WOSIACKI, Wolmar Benjamin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0040413891328104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-8501
The lateral line mechanoreceptor system is typically composed of a series of neuromast contained in canals that are connected via pores and traverse dermal bones of the head. This system is an important sensory modality in most stages of fishes life history because it allows organisms to detect changes in water flow sites and weak electric fields. The lateral line canals system may vary significantly in different species of fishes, even in closely related species. Such variability includes the presence or absence of pores and canals, as well as the number, location, branching and width of the canals, as well as the number, size and location of the pores in the canal. Callichthyidae is the third most diverse family within Loricarioidea (Siluriformes), allocating 220 valid species, being easily recognized for having the body almost completely protected by bony plates, basically arranged in two longitudinal series. It is currently subdivided into two subfamilies: Callichthyinae and Corydoradinae and has been used in studies of the lateral line system since the 19 century, and characters referring to this system are used as a diagnosis among recently described species. However, the group lacks homology assessments of the canals and pores of the cephalic laterosensory system. The aim of the present work is to investigate the characters related to the cephalic laterosensory system of Callichthyidae through describing the comparative anatomy between the taxa and postulate about the homology of this system in order to reconstruct the characters within the group in a combined matrix analysis of morphological and molecular data. In addition, a review and redefinition of the anatomical nomenclature used for laterosensory canals and pores in the family was performed. In this study, 31 characters were validated and 4 synapomorphies were found for Callichthyidae, as well their respective lineages, evidencing the importance of investigation of characters of morphological complex not traditionally used. The present study also shows that once combined with other morphological data, they reflect greater consistency and resolution in both a phylogenetical and taxonomical context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuições taxonômicas para Palpigera Hebard (Orthoptera:Phalangopsidae) com descrição de novas espécies , novos registros e proposição de um novo gênero para Luzarina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04) FRANCO, Lianderson Farias; TAVARES, Gustavo Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1932927205901338; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-1395-7552; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-5296
The subtribe Luzarina is the most representative in the neotropical region, currently with 128 valid species distributed across 49 genera. In this study, we contribute to the knowledge of the group by describing five new species of Palpigera and a new genus with a new species, Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov. The five Palpigera species were identified from 74 specimens collected in different locations in Brazil, including Serra do Cachimbo (PA), Canaã dos Carajás (PA), São José do Rio Claro (MT), Cocalzinho de Goiás (GO), and the Parque Nacional das Sete Cidades (PI). Morphological and internal genitalia analysis revealed that these species differ from other members of the genus in features such as the shape of the palpi, the tenth tergite, metanotal glands, the arrangement of the tympana on the forelegs, vein cells in the tegmina, and the morphology of the phallic complex. These species represent the first records of Palpigera for the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil. Additionally, we describe Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov., collected in the Amazon rainforest. This new genus, probably related to Melanotes and Palpigera, is distinguished by its reduced tegmina without a stridulatory apparatus, absence of tympanum, long and thin palpi, shape of the endophallus sclerite, bifid endophallus apodeme, and shape of the female copulatory papilla. These findings expand the taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge of the Luzarina subtribe in the neotropical region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição de um gênero novo e três espécies novas de Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-07) ALMEIDA, Flávio Roberto de Albuquerque; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The family Pentatomidae is the fourth most diverse among Heteroptera, comprising about 4.700 species divided in, approximately, 800 genera. The family is a monophyletic taxa characterized by the loss of gonapophyses 8, gonapophyses 9 reduced and fused to gonocoxites 9, gonangulum absent and the ductus receptaculi dilated and invaginated, forming three distinct walls. The subfamily Edessinae is the second most diverse, comprising about 320 species divided in nine genera: Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (about 300 species), Ascra Say, 1832 (14 species), Brachystethus Laporte, 1832 (10 species), Peromatus Amyot & Serville, 1843 (seven species), Olbia Stål, 1862 (three species), Pantochlora Stål, 1870 (one species), Doesburgedessa Fernandes, 2010 (five species), Paraedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2013 (nine species) and Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 (12 species). The genus Edessa has many taxonomic and nomenclatural problems related to the lack of a reliable diagnosis. In this way, species which have general characteristics of the subfamily and did not fit in the diagnostic features of other genera of Edessinae are considered to belonging to Edessa. This practice made the genus a "deposit" of species with indefinite limits. The proposal for the genus is to revise Edessa in groups of species sharing morphological distinctive characters (possible synapomorphies). One of these enigmatic groups of Edessa is formed by Edessa celsa Distant, 1890 and three allied new species. Here we describe a new genus for these four species sharing a unique set of characteristics and compare with Hypoxys, subgenus of Edessa with similar facies. Diagnosis, illustrations of the metasternal process and external and internal genitalia, photographs of the dorsal and ventral view, and a distributional map are provided. A key to the genera belonging to Edessinae and a key to the species of Plagaedessa are also provided. Male and female genitalia of Plagaedessa celsa n. comb. are described for the first time. Distribution of P. celsa is extended to Costa Rica and Mexico. The lectotype of Edessa celsa is here designated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de helmintos parasitos de uma população de Osteocephalus cabrerai (Anura: Hylidae) na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) NEVES, Jorge Kevin da Silva; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-2923
Amphibians are good models for studies of parasite diversity due to their wide range of life strategies, standing out as hosts for various groups of nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, monogeneans, and acanthocephalans. The structure of parasitic communities in anurans can be influenced by various biotic or abiotic factors. Despite being extensively studied, the taxa found are rarely identified to the species level. To date, no parasitological studies have been conducted on representatives of Osteocephalus cabrerai, leaving the parasitic fauna of these anurans completely unknown. This study aims to characterize the diversity of parasitic helminths of O. cabrerai from the Beija-Flor Brilho de Fogo Extractive Reserve. This thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter consists of a published Research Article that presents the first records of parasites for O. cabrerai, analyzing the composition and characteristics of the parasitic community, patterns of parasite distribution, and the correlation between host biotic factors and the characteristics of the community. We predominantly found nematodes with a monoxenous life cycle, high prevalence, and abundant infection. Most specimens represent the first record of parasites for the genus Osteocephalus. Additionally, in our analyses, individuals with greater body mass tended to have higher susceptibility to parasitic helminth infections. The second chapter presents a Short Communication with the first molecular and phylogenetic analyses involving A. pella, concluding that the genus Aplectana is not monophyletic. We provide the first study on the helminth community structure of O. cabrerai and add the first sequence of Aplectana from the Neotropical region. Thus, we enhance the understanding of the diversity and ecology of parasitic helminths in anurans, as well as the phylogenetic relationships of species within the family Cosmocercidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogenia da tribo Attacobiini Roewer, 1955 (Araneae, Corinnidae, Corinninae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-02) PEREIRA FILHO, José Moisés Batista; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
A cladistic analysis of tribe Attacobiini (Corinnidae, Corinninae) with 17 taxa and 109 characters is presented. The outgroup is composed by four species (Castianeira aff rubicunda ACR; Xeropigo cotijuba; Septentrinna yucatan and Falconina gracilis) all of them represented by males and females. The ingroup is represented by 13 Attacobiini species, seven of which represented by both sexes (Attacobius TOC; A. attarum; A. verhaaghi; A. lamellatus; A. uiriri; A. blakei and A. carranca), three represented only by females (A. luederwaldti; A. nigripes and A. kitae) and three represented only by males (Ecitocobius comissator; Attacobius PAR and A. tucurui). Regarding to terminals, the present data matrix represent an increase of two species in relation to a previous analysis of the Tribe. The availability of data was improved by adding character states on genitalic features for three terminals, of which the counterpart sex was unknown at the time in which that previous analysis was made (males of A. verhaagui and females of A. blakei and A. uiriri). Furthermore, several characters used in the previous analysis were re-interpreted and some new characters were proposed. A single tree was obtained under equal weights. Attacobinni and Attacobius were retrieved as monophyletic groups but the groups of species of Attacobius depicted here are considerably different from those recognized in the previous analysis. The exact solution under equal weights and all characters running unordered resulted in a fully resolved, single most parsimonious tree. As in the previous analysis, the bettersupported clades were Attacobiini and Attacobius. However, the groups of Attacobius species recovered here are considerably different from the ones recovered previously, with the exception of an apical clade composed by A. nigripes, A. kitae, A. attarum and A. luederwaldti, which was recognized in both analyses as the best supported group within the genus.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogenia do gênero Mischocyttarus de Saussurre, baseado em caracteres morfológicos e moleculares, e revisão taxonômica do subgênero Megacanthopus Ducke (Hymnoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03) FELIZARDO, Sherlem Patrícia de Seixas; SILVEIRA, Orlando Tobias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9654506257169791; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-199X
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Filogeografia de Bucco tamatia (Aves: Bucconidae): uma linhagem associada a florestas alagadas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-02) ALMEIDA, Bruno; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-7816-9725; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-867X
We present a multilocus phylogeographic analysis of the polytypic species Bucco tamatia, based on sequences from two mitochondrial markers (Cytb and ND2) and four nuclear genes (BF7, MUSK, G3PDH and CHD), obtained from 46 individuals widely distributed throughout the Amazon Basin. Our aim was to reconstruct the temporal and spatial contexts of diversification of this Amazonian endemic lineage, associated with flooded environments. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted using Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood methods, and divergence times were estimated through coalescent-based molecular dating. Our data revealed a marked incongruence between the current taxonomic treatment and the evolutionary history of B. tamatia, supporting the recognition of at least three biological species and five evolutionary/phylogenetic species within the complex. The results also revealed a previously unknown connection between Amazonian areas of endemism situated in the extreme east and west of the basin. These findings highlight a complex evolutionary history and distinct patterns of genetic differentiation between flooded and upland forest populations, following an initial divergence associated with these environments. In contrast to several bird lineages associated with flooded habitats in Amazonia, B. tamatia exhibits a higher degree of phylogeographic structure. Moreover, rivers appear to be the main drivers of diversification in this lineage, a pattern more typical of upland forest species. Our data provide further evidence for the recognition of distinct areas of endemism in Amazonian flooded forests, supporting a scenario of historical disconnections between drainages that are now unified by the Amazon River.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O futuro dos quelônios amazônicos no contexto das mudanças climáticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04) SILVA, Iago Barroso da; FAGUNDES, Camila Kurzmann; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7942655716698636; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Assessing the effects of global warming on species distribution is largely necessary for understanding its consequences on biodiversity. Based on knowledge about the current and expected effects of climate change in the Amazon and in the chelonian group, this study used species distribution models to understand the consequences of these changes in the potential areas of species occurrence, answering the following questions: 1) Which regions and what is the extent of the distribution of Amazonian chelonians that will be experienced by future climate changes? 2) Which species will be most impacted? As a result, we observed that the models presented considerable performances. They stand out as, as projections of potential distributions in the current period, the wide distribution of the species Chelonoidis denticulatus; C. carbonarius and Platemys platycephala. For future climate scenario projections, all lost species are potential. Phrynops tuberosus (87.69%), M. nasuta (82.51%), P. platycephala (45.16%), M. raniceps (43.96%), P. sextuberculata (38.69%), C denticulatus (36.19%) are the species that most lost area in this scenario. For a more extreme future scenario, the species that lost the greatest potential area are M. nasuta (98.93%), P. tuberosus (97.87%), P. erythrocephala (66.26%), M. raniceps (63.46%), C. denticulatus (61.62%). Chelonians are animals that are very protected by the hydrological dynamics of water bodies, which will be especially impacted in the Amazon, avoiding changes in flow, precipitation, humidity, extent of flooding and the intensity of phenomena in different seasons of the basin. These changes will bring deleterious effects to chelonians, which depend on the river level and the area and period of flooding for reproduction and feeding. Chelonians with semiaquatic habits also lose very important feeding areas with the change in the hydrological regime and the landscape around the rivers. Very worrying is the fact that all species of turtles in the Amazon will be affected by climate change, with the vast majority losing large areas of suitable environmental areas for their occurrence. Mitigation actions, in the long term, at different scales, are essential to soften the effects of this scenario and contribute to the preservation of these species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Integrando conhecimentos locais e armadilhas fotográficas para avaliar a detecção e as características ecológicas que afetam a presença e a abundância de vertebrados médios e grandes no Vale do Xingu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) VULCÃO, Otávio Augusto Pereira Leão; CARVALHO JUNIOR, Elildo Alves Ribeiro de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7456274393700395; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-4356-2954; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3852277891994862; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5409-8336
The choice of appropriate methods to observe population changes of species of interest in environmental monitoring is crucial to ensure the sustainability of long-term programs. This is a challenge in assessing medium and large vertebrates due to their ecological importance and relatively high costs for evaluation. In tropical regions, the methods commonly used are transect censuses or camera traps. However, both methods have limitations and can incur high costs and difficult maintenance, especially in megadiverse tropical countries. Including methods based on local ecological knowledge (LEK) can contribute to the sustainability of monitoring programs. We assessed the congruence between detection rates obtained from camera traps and sightings and traces detected through LEK in two protected areas of Eastern Amazonia, comparing detection probabilities and testing the influence of three ecological traits. We observed that, despite an overall positive relationship, the rates obtained by both methods show high variability. For 11 out of 20 species, the probability of detection was greater using the method that identified traces through LEK from local monitors. Among the selected traits, body mass, sociability, and trophic niche, only the last characteristic was significant within our models, indicating a detection capability primarily based on the behavioral patterns of the species. Our results demonstrate the significant ability of local monitors to detect the presence of species of interest, as well as the applicability of LEK in faunal monitoring. We recommend collaborative research strategies and the inclusion of the knowledge and experience of local populations in monitoring and conservation programs in the Amazon and other tropical systems, which are the regions richest in both biological diversity and sociocultural richness.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Morfologia comparada das mandíbulas das fêmeas de vespas da família Sphecidae (Hymenoptera; Apoidea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-31) SANTOS, Ian Patrick Vilhena dos; SILVEIRA, Orlando Tobias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9654506257169791
The apoid wasps, represented by Sphecidae; Crabronidae; Heterogynaidae and Ampulicidae are a group of insects that have a large morphological and behavioral diversity. Along with the bees, comprising the superfamily Apoidea, one of the clades that constitute Aculeata. Despite the diversity of apoid wasps, the morphology of the jaw is very neglected, only superficial aspects are taken into consideration in morphological studies. Therefore, the inclusion of this structure as an object of study in order to improve knowledge about this group of wasps is extremely important, especially with respect to Sphecidae family. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the female's jaws in the sphecid wasps describing the morphological variations of each group, taking into consideration the systematic and phylogenetic knowledge of the taxa. Moreover, it was intended to study possible associations between morphological variation patterns of the jaws and the wasps’ biology, as well as producing a list of characters from the mandibular structural elements that can be used in future studies. Only a few genera of each Sphecidae’s subfamily were analyzed in this work, aiming to sample groups in a way that represent the variation of form and habits within the family in the best possible manner. Moreover, Crabronidae and Ampulicidae families were included here as external groups. A total of 23 genera were considered in the analysis, of which 15 belongs to the family Sphecidae and the remaining belonging to the outgroups. The samples analyzed are from the collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) and it was also borrowed material from the American Museum of Natural History (AMNH). A survey on the biology, behavior and the use of the jaw in each genus/species was done through consultations on previously published literature, such information was included in the analysis for the study of possible relationships between different lifestyles and use of the jaw. The mandibles were detached from the head of the wasps, described, measured and illustrated. A cladogram of taxa sampled was assembled based on phylogenetic hypotheses already published. The mandibular and biological characters have been optimized on this cladogram, using the criteria of parsimony, to carry out the reconstruction of ancestral states. In this way it was possible to verify the existence of some associations between the morphology of the jaw and the behavior of sphecid wasps.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Phylogeography and population genetics of the needle-billed hermit (phaethornis philippii, aves, trochilidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02) NASCIMENTO, Nayron Francês do; ALEIXO, Alexandre; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7816-9725
Phaethornis philippii is a monotypic species of hummingbird, with distribution in the humid forests of western and Central Amazonia. It occurs in eastern Peru, northern Bolivia and Brazil, south of the Solimões and Amazon rivers and west of the Tapajós river. Despite being included in some previous phylogenetic works, the evolutionary history of the species has not yet been fully elucidated. Here, we review the taxonomy of the species through morphological and molecular characters, in addition to proposing a denser phylogenetic hypothesis for the lineages grouped in P. philippii and to investigate its history of diversification, comparing it with biogeographic scenarios already proposed for the Amazon. Our phylogenetic and population genetic analyzes revealed six reciprocally monophyletic lineages within P. philippii and suggest that diversification in this group occurred during the Pleistocene between 2.5 and 0.3 mya. Our results show that Phaethornis philippii may have difficulties crossing barriers such as major Amazon rivers. Even narrower rivers such as Aripuanã, Jiparaná and Tarauacá can represent barriers to dispersal, reinforcing the hypothesis that “mini-interfluves” also have a notable influence regarding the structuring and diversification of birds in the Amazon. Our study sheds light on the historical population dynamics of this species, which may have also been influenced by climatic variations during the late Pleistocene, where we found evidence of recent events influencing the diversification of lineages within P. philippii, mainly associated to current and historical courses of Amazonian rivers.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica do gênero Microcharacidium Buckup, 1993 (Ostariophysi: Characiformes: Crenuchidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02) VIEIRA, Lorena Sanches; FERREIRA, André Luiz Netto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1272360228203358; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3096-0411
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica do gênero Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 (Araneae: Corinninae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02) XAVIER, Cláudia Cristina Monteiro Castelo Branco; BONALDO, Alexandre Bragio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8721994758453503
The neotropical genus Tupirinna Bonaldo, 2000 is revised, including 20 species. All three previously described species currently in the genus are rediagnosed and new record of T. rosae (Bonaldo, 2000) from Pará, Brazil is given. T. albofasciata (Mello-Leitão, 1943) is here redescribed based on the female lectotype, here designated. The following 17 new species are described, diagnosed and illustrated: T. evanesca sp. nov. (male and female from Pará, Brazil); T. zebra sp. nov. (male and female from Amazonas and Mato Grosso, Brazil); T. caraca sp. nov. (male and female from South and Southeast of Brazil); T. urucu sp. nov. (male from Amazonas, Brazil); T. coari sp. nov. (male and female from Amazonas, Brazil); T. lata sp. nov. (male and female from states of Bahia, Espiríto Santo, Minas Gerais, São Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil); T. regiae sp. nov. (male and female from Amazonas and Pará, Brazil); T. mutum sp. nov. (male and female from Pará and Mato Grosso, Brazil); T. cruzes sp. nov. (male and female from Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Santa Catarina, Brazil); T. palmares sp. nov. (male and female from Northeast of Brazil); T. una sp. nov. (male and female from Bahia, Brazil); T. gigantea sp. nov. (male and female from Vaupés, Colômbia and Huanuco, Peru); T. oba sp. nov. (female from Bahia, Brazil); T. goeldi sp. nov. (female from Pará, Brazil); T. ibiapaba sp. nov. (male and female from Ceará, Brazil); T. luctuosa sp. nov. (female from Minas Gerais, Brazil) and T. araguaia sp. nov. (male and female from Pará, Brazil). Additionally, distribution maps an identification key to males and females of all know species of Tupirinna is provided. Keywords: Arachnida,
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética das espécies de Retrocitomyia Lopes, 1983 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-17) SOUZA, Caroline Costa de; PATIU, Cátia Antunes de Mello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6111953763967066; CARVALHO FILHO, Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987049452090800
Retrocitomyia Lopes, 1983 is a Neotropical genus of medium-sized flesh flies (5-11 mm), characterized mainly by the postgonite laterally curved and pointed apex. This genus comprises 10 valid species which biology is poorly known. The taxonomic revision of the genus resulted in 11 species, being one new species, Retrocitomyia silveirai sp. n. All species are redescribed and illustrated. Distribution maps and an update of key for male identification is provided. In addition, it is proposed a hypothesis of the phylogenetic relationship to the species of the genus, based on 19 external morphological characters of male adults, mainly from terminalia. The analysis has 14 terminal taxa, being 11 ingroup and three outgroups. The monophyly of Retrocitomyia was recovered sustain by four autapomorphies: (1) abdominal ST5 with posterior arm long, (2) abdominal ST5 with median lobe rounded, (3) median lobe of abdominal ST5 protruding, (4) cercus with a dorsal concavity. The result of phylogenetic analysis shows a basal polytomy included the type-species (R. retrocita) and R. mizuguchiana, R. silveirai sp. nov., R. adolenda, e R. fluminensis. Besides that, the analysis recovered a clade (Clade A) formed by (R. andina, (R. mexicana + R. trinitatensis), (R. sisbiota + (R. urumajoensis + R. paraguayensis)).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica e análise filogenética do gênero Protopolybia Ducke, 1905 com uso de caracteres morfológicos e moleculares (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-05-27) SANTOS JUNIOR, José Nazareno dos; SILVEIRA, Orlando Tobias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9654506257169791; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-199X
Polistinae is one of the most diverse subfamilies of Vespidae with about 950 species, 25 genera and four tribes. Their representatives are recognized for presenting simple tarsal claws and lacking parategula. Ducke (1905) described two new genera for Polistinae: Protopolybia and Pseudochartergus. Bequaert (1938) reviewed Pseudochartergus recognizing only two species. Bequaert (1944a) made the first revision of Protopolybia, in which he described four new species, and considered P. minutissima and P. sedula as forms of a single species and assigned P. bella as type species of the genus. Richards (1978) performed the second revision of Protopolybia recognizing 23 species and two subspecies. Carpenter and Wenzel (1989), considering inconsistent the diagnostic characters separating Pseudochartergus and Protopolybia, proposed their synonymy, based on the synapomorphic medial posterior process on the metanotum. Carpenter (2011) proposed the synonymy of four species of the genus. Santos-Junior et al. (2015) reviewed the Protopolybia exigua species-group and using morphological characters proposed the first phylogeny for Protopolybia sensu Carpenter & Wenzel (1989). However, there is still a reasonable number of species whose identification is inaccurate. Thus, this project aims to extend the knowledge of the taxonomy and of phylogenetic relationships of the species of Protopolybia using morphological characters complemented with molecular data. For molecular analysis, fragments were isolated of the nuclear and mitochondrial genome - cytochrome subunit I (COI), 28s, 12s and 16s. Such an effort resulted on additional notes for the Protopolybia exigua species-group, with description of a new species. For the P. sedula species-group, all species are redescribed, a new identification key is presented and the genitalia of P. weyrauchi and P. sedula are described. In the P. picteti-emortualis species-group, two new species are described. In the group of species of P. chartergoides, it is proposed the synonymization of a subspecies, and the four valid species are redescribed, as well as the male genitalia of P. chartergoides, P. fuscatus and P. pallidibalteatus. As for the phylogeny of Protopolybia, the monophyly hypothesis of the group of P. chartergoides species is corroborated. Its relative position within Protopolybia is resolved, indicating a closer relationship with the group of P. sedula. On the other hand, in the present analysis the P. exigua group is paraphyletic.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Revisão taxonômica e filogenômica de Saimiri Voigt, 1831 (Primates, Cebidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07) MERCÊS, Michelle Pinto; LYNCH, Jessica Ward; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4735211013363847; SILVA JÚNIOR, José de Sousa e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4998536658557008
Squirrel monkeys (genus Saimiri Voigt, 1831) are small Neotropical primates (650-1200g). They are widely distributed in the Amazon Basin and have two taxa that occur in Central America. Although it is a frequentely used group in biomedical research, there is still a great divergence in the number of recognized species, ranging from 2 to 12 taxa. Recently several papers have been published using mitochondrial DNA to understand the origin and diversification of Saimiri, as well as the relationship between species. However, even after these publications, diversity and intra-generic relationship still present divergences, with no cogruence between morphological and genetic data. The present study aimed to propose a phylogenetic hypothesis for Saimiri from the double digest restriction-site associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), as well as to review Saimiri, defining the species that make up the genus, as well as its distribution. This thesis is divided into three chapters. In the first, “Phylogenomics of Amazon squirrel monkeys (Saimiri; Primates; Cebidae)”, we use 44 tissue samples and 6 blood samples to obtain ddRADseq molecular phylogeny through Maximum Likelihood analysis and a time-calibrated tree from BEAST. We verified the relationship between the studied populations with the Bayesian cluster analysis of STRUCTURE. Our results recovered the monophyly between the Gothic and Roman groups, our trees recovered ten lineages within Saimiri of the Amazon Basin. In addition, we confirm that intra-generic diversification is recent and has occurred in the Pleistocene epoch. In the second chapter, “How many squirrel monkey (Saimiri Voigt, 1831) species are there? A morphological diagnosis and refined mapping of geographical distribution”, we analyzed 887 specimens of all currently recognized species and 18 types, representing almost the entire geographic distribution of the group, we also included the phylogenomic data obtained in the first chapter. Our results support the existence of two morphological groups (Gothic and Roman) and the recognition of thirteen species with one new species. For each of them are presented synonymy, type material, type locality, diagnosis, variation, comparison with other species, distribution, remarks, conservation status and specimens examined. In the third chapter, “New records of Saimiri collinsi Osgood, 1916 (Cebidae, Primates), with comments on habitat use and conservation”, we indicate the expansion of geographic distribution of the Collins’ squirrel monkey (Saimiri collinsi), to a transition area between Amazon and Cerrado. We also indicated the need for monitoring of these populations due to the intense anthropic action in the region that reduced the habitat of the species in most of Maranhão and northern Tocantins.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sarcophaginae (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) da Amazônia Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-08) SOUZA, Matheus Tavares de; CARVALHO FILHO, Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987049452090800; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-5338
The family Sarcophagidae (Diptera) has a cosmopolitan distribution, comprising 3.000 describeds species in 355 genera. Sarcophaginae is the most abundant and diverse subfamily in the new world. There are few studies about the family from Neotropical region, especially from Brazilian Amazon region, where there are few taxonomists. Therefore, this study enlarge the knowledge on the fauna of Sarcophaginae from the Brazilian Amazon, through descriptions and redescriptions of species and confection of dichotomous key to species of this region. This work was based on bibliographic survey and specimens from Brazilian Amazon housed in four entomological collections of Brazil. Morphological analysis, measurements and drawings of male species was presented. 132 species and 31 genera of Sarcophaginae from Brazilian Amazon have been found. Was made a description of a two new specie of the genus Dexosarcophaga and one Rettenmeyerina . A redescription of the monotypic genus Promayoa Dodge, 1966, was made with new illustrates. A keys to males are also provided, except for the species of the genus Lepidodexia , because the large number of undescribed Neotropical species of this genus would make any effort premature pending a complete revision of the fauna.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemática molecular e diversificação dos gêneros Nonnula e Monasa (Aves: Bucconidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10) SOARES, Leonardo Moura dos Santos; SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7941154223198901; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8819-867X
Neotropical forests comprise one of the wealthiest biogeographical regions regarding biodiversity. The origin of Neotropical diversity and its spatial distribution has been approached from a biogeographic perspective, assuming that this high diversity was the result of historical factors associated with the landscape change in this region. There were proposed several biogeographic hypotheses based mainly on vicarious events in an attempt to explain the geographical patterns in which biological diversity is organized in the Neotropical region. Among them, we highlight: the soaring of the Andes, Pleistocene's forest refuges, rivers such as barriers and Miocene's marine incursions. Within this context, it was used two genera of the Bucconidae Family: Monasa and Nonnula to try to interpret these Neotropical patterns of diversification. This thesis aimed to reconstruct the phylogeographic relationships between the taxon that compose the Nonnula and Monasa genus, from nuclear and mitochondrial molecular markers; to date the cladogenetic events to infer which historical processes were responsible for the diversification and to try to estimate the effect of each one of these processes between the different taxon that experienced them. There were sequenced 100 samples distributed in 6 species of the Nonnulo genus and 166 samples for the 4 recognized species for the Monasa genus. Our data indicate incongruence between the current taxonomic treatment and the evolutionary history of Nonnula. Our analysis recovered 19 reciprocal monophyletic lines within Nonnula, revealing the existence of at least six biological species in the N. rubecula complex. Also, our analysis recovered 10 reciprocal monophyletic lines in N. ruficapilla that presented paraphyletic with N. amaurocephala. The distributions of these lines generally coincide with known endemism neotropical areas (EA). In the Monasa genus, there were delimited 12 lines well supported statistically, and that the traditional taxonomy does not represent the diversity of lineages of this group. All species showed phylogeographic structuring, exceptionally Monasa atra. There were determined two strains in M. flavirostris, two strains in M. nigrifrons and seven strains in M. morphoeus. The main Amazonian rivers delimit these lineages. M. flavirostris was the first lineage to be diversified, followed by M. morphoeus which is the brother taxon of M. atra and M. nigrifrons. The phylogenetic diversity of these two genera is underestimated by the current taxonomy, providing an example of how widespread enigmatic endemism can be a good example for studying phylogeographic patterns in the Neotropical region, especially in Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Sistemática molecular e implicações para a conservação de uma linhagem endêmica da Amazônia: o gênero Hylexetastes Sclater, 1889 (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-07) RODRIGUEZ, Roxiris Auxiliadora Azuaje; SILVA, Sofia Alexandra Marques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0062405368911898; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3661799396744570
The genus Hylexetastes is endemic to the Amazon rainforest. Currently, two species are accepted in the genus (H. perrotti and H. stresemannii), each one divided into three subspecies. Nevertheless, some authors defend that the subspecies of H. perrotti should be considered as full species. In particular, H. p. brigidai is an endemic taxon from Pará and Mato Grosso and seems to have the smallest distribution area. This lineage is distributed by the most deforested region within the biome and thus its taxonomic status is of particular concern for conservation. So far, only morphological characters have been evaluated for taxonomic definition of this genus. Therefore, in this study we present a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis to help solve the taxonomic uncertainties within the genus. Fragments of two mitochondrial markers (Cytb and ND2) and three nuclear markers (BF5, G3PDH and MUSK) were sequenced on 58 Hylexetastes specimens. In addition, ecological niche modeling was developed for each of the identified strains to evaluate their potential distribution area, climatic requirements and their vulnerability to deforestation. The phylogenetic analyzes support the designation of H. perrotti, H. uniformis and H. brigidai as full species, and H. perrotti seems to be a sister species of H. stresemanni and not of the other taxa considered co-specific. In addition, it was possible to distinguish the presence of two Significant Evolutionary Units within H. uniformis. Each of these taxa are distributed in different interfluvial / endemic areas of the Amazon basin. In particular, it confirms the status of full species for H. brigidai, endemic to the second area of Amazonian endemism with greater deforestation. Thus, we suggest the continued in-depth evaluation of its conservation status to promote its preservation.