Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental (Mestrado Profissional) - PPGESA/ITEC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/16530

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 28

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prestação dos serviços públicos de limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos e drenagem e manejo das águas pluviais urbanas: proposta de atos normativos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-07) ANDRADE, Marcello Ádamis; TAVARES, Antonio de Noronha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5212600085310483; BITTENCOURT, Germana Menescal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2304409840440309
Federal Law n° 11.445/2007 defined important aspects regarding the regulation of the provision of public sanitation services, including regulation and inspection. In this sense, the regulatory agencies, in compliance with the ANA guidelines, must issue rules relating to the technical dimensions of the provision of public sanitation services. The objective of the present work is to propose technical resolutions for the establishment of quality standards for the provision of public services of urban cleaning and solid waste management and drainage and management of urban rainwater in the city of Belém. To this end, a review of the technical literature was carried out on the subject, survey of existing resolutions in other regulatory agencies, and analysis of the pertinent legislation in force and analysis of the relevant legislation in force for the proposition of normative acts. When analyzing the existing resolutions, it is possible to verify that not all regulatory agencies that claim to regulate a certain axis of basic sanitation have a large normative framework on them. For the construction of the resolutions, it was necessary, in addition to the expertise of the other agencies that already have normative acts in the same direction, to make use of a legal framework, with the intention of guaranteeing the legality of the requirements adopted by the regulatory agency with the service providers. The proposed rules were prepared in specific chapters for each service to be regulated in the general rule for the provision of services and with an indication of those who should have their own rules. It is concluded that the complete regulation of sanitation is a challenge imposed on regulatory agencies, few regulatory entities have the legal instruments of regulation, however, these resources are indispensable since there is a need for a legal basis that supports regulation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da perda de arrecadação pela não prestação do serviço de abastecimento público de água em edifícios residenciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-26) RODRIGUES, Liane Cristina Chagas; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The service provider asks for billing when the residential building uses its own water supply system. Thus, the objective of the work is to quantify the revenue losses (R$) that the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA) suffers for not supplying the 24 residential buildings located in the area in the third sector, located in the municipality of Belém in the State of Pará. A document consultation was carried out on the volumes of water consumed and billed in 25 residential buildings with water supply from the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA) to then estimate the values (volume and possible billing in reais) in residential buildings that use own source of water supply in the area of Cosanpa’s third water supply sector. The data collection source was entirely from the integrated sanitation service management system (Gsan). The Research was developed in three stages. The first stage consisted of identifying the residential buildings that use Cosanpa’s water and identifying the residential buildings that do not use Cosanpa’s water. The second stage consisted of collecting and systematizing water consumption information for the two groups of selected buildings (buildings supplied by COSANPA and buildings supplied with their own system). The third and last consisted of the comparative analysis of noncollection (monetary R$) in residential buildings not supplied with water by COSANPA, based on the premise of collection of residential buildings served by the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA). It was verified that the company failed to collect BRL 3,142,281.65 (three million, one hundred and forty-two thousand, two hundred and eighty-one reais and sixty-five cents) in five years, which represents 45.97% of the amount collected by the buildings supplied by the company
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biogás e energia elétrica a partir do efluente líquido da palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis) no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-27) CARDOSO, Ana Rosa Bezerra; ALVES, Rui Guilherme Cavaleiro de Macêdo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1902384822911246
In this work, we intend to demonstrate the importance of a biogas production system in order to optimize the use of liquid residues arising from the oil palm production process, a residue called POME (Palm oil mill effluent), which contains a high concentration of organic matter, being a potential source of biogas production for the generation of electricity and biofuel. In this context, the objective is to evaluate the process of producing biogas and electricity through a covered anaerobic lagoon based on the POME implemented by an industry in the State of Pará. For this, information was gathered about the industrial process, the type of effluent treatment that is used and its components, and the process of transforming liquid waste into a new product. Visits were carried out in the industry to learn about the facilities, monitor the operation of the system and the operation of the equipment used to capture biogas and convert it into electricity. Data regarding the COD, pH and temperature parameters that are used for the operational control carried out in the lagoon were made available. The system started operating in February/2021, but the data referred to the period from May/2021 to April/2022. The average values obtained in the operation of the system referring to the pH was 7.43 and the temperature of 38.30 °C with a VOC of 24.73 kgCOD/m³.day. The anaerobic lagoon showed a COD removal efficiency of approximately 91% and an average production of 139.04 m3 /day of methane. The methane produced from the industry's POME generated an average of 28.01 MWh of electricity in the aforementioned period, which were used to power the industrial plant. In view of the results analyzed, the viability of using the liquid effluent from the processing of the oil palm fruit for the generation of biogas and electricity is confirmed, thus contributing to the improvement of the quality of the final effluent.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de viabilidade econômica da implantação de leito de secagem para tratamento de efluentes sanitários gerados em uma mineradora no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-28) FERREIRA, Cleyton Eduardo Costa; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Waste management is one of the main challenges of modern society, especially when it comes to finding more sustainable and economical alternatives for the treatment and disposal of these materials. In this context, biosolids, a byproduct generated from wastewater treatment, have been identified as a possible source of nutrients and organic matter for agriculture and other sectors, thus contributing to a more circular economy. Biosolids contain a large amount of nutrients that can be used to improve soil quality and increase agricultural productivity (OLIVEIRA et al., 2018). In addition, the use of biosolids as fertilizer can reduce the need for chemical inputs, contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact associated with final disposal (RIBEIRO et al., 2015). This study was conducted in a mining company in the state of Pará, Brazil, which has eight decentralized anaerobic wastewater treatment plants. The study aimed to define the treatment route for biosolids, as well as to evaluate the economic viability of implementing a drying bed for the production of biosolids to be applied in the restoration of degraded areas. It was found that 11,776 kg of total suspended solids (TSS) per year of sludge are generated, resulting in the design of a drying bed with three cells, each with 22 m², an operation cycle of 25 days, and a Surface Application Rate of 13.30 Kg TSS/m²xdia. For sanitization, CaO was chosen. The implementation cost of the drying bed was R$ 100,358.70, operational costs were R$ 2,059.62/month, and the solution via incineration was R$ 18,415.80/month. Based on the simple and discounted payback, the investment returns in approximately 7.14 and 7.19 months, respectively, and is part of the synergistic costs with the current sanitation management. The other indicators point to the investment as viable and capable of financial surplus. Therefore, the company will have financial and environmental gains with the implementation of the project.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elaboração de banco de dados das ETE’s de esgoto sanitário na região metropolitana de Belém para fins de planejamento e operação envolvendo fase líquida, sólida e gasosa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-29) ASSUNÇÃO, Maurilo André da Cunha; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
The present technical work consisted in the elaboration of a data bank of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP's) of the metropolitan region of Belém (RMB) for planning and operation purposes involving the liquid, solid and gaseous phases, for the removal of carbonaceous matter. Such a study covers only the municipalities of Ananindeua, Belém and Marituba, which in 2019 have sanitary sewage systems (SES) of the centralized (SES-C33.35%) and decentralized (SES-D5.45%) types involving 23 WWTP's and whose experimental stages of this work are: 1) photographic record of the area occupied by the ETE's; 2) systematization of the basic information of the WWTP's; 3) quantification of the generation of solid by-product of the preliminary treatment; 4) balance of organic loads in UASB reactors; 5) quantification of production and sanitation of sludge in UASB reactors; 6) Potential quantification of electric power generation (EE) and methane emission from UASB reactors. Likewise, among the main results obtained in this work, it was obtained that the spatial distribution was 5.0 WWTP's (21.74%) in Ananindeua, 17 WWTP's (73.91%) in Belém, and 1.0 WWTP's (4, 35%) in Marituba, which is treating the project's average volume of 1,089 L/s (PE of 765,783 inhabitants) will generate in preliminary treatment about 840.17 kgSSG/d, 3548.2 kgareia/d and 29.53 kgscuma / day, and that when the UASB retors have an average efficiency of 65% and will operate with a total organic load of 4,193 kgCOD/d, they will produce 572.8 kgsludge/d with the potential to sanitize 3,062 kgbiosolids/d by alcaline stabilization, tending to this situation of treatment to the generation of available chemical energy and methane emission two UASB reactors, respectively, of 584.33 kWh/d of EQD and 387.67 TCO2/d through the normalized production of total methane of 59 Nm3 /d PNCH4 , being verified that the WWTP's of SESC in comparison with the WWTP's of SES-D are are the ones with the greatest possibility of using this energy as a source of heat.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de custo de referência para elaboração de projetos e obras de rede coletora de esgoto sanitário
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-26) COSTA, Magaly Santos Pinheiro; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
With the unavailability of financial resources and the high cost of implementing conventional sanitary sewage systems of the absolute separator type, regions with disorderly occupation and, often, subject to unfavorable topographical situations, end up not being contemplated with basic sanitary sewage services. Complementarily, this issue is accentuated by the lack of local references regarding the costs of implementing sanitary sewage collection networks in Pará, as well as parameters for the conception and elaboration of projects in the state context. In this sense, it is necessary that the typology of the sewage network to be implemented in each location be carefully planned, bearing in mind the particularities of each area, as well as the technical criteria to be adopted in the project. Considering the problem addressed, the objective of the present research was to establish values, expressed in R$/m of COSANPA's sanitary sewage collection network project, for analysis and identification of the budget worksheet items referring to the collection network and household connections, being updated the costs in the spreadsheet for the base date October 2022. In the first stage, the projects and works of the sewage collection network were surveyed in the COSANPA and SEDOP database, from this survey, the projects were selected for the preparation of the Technical Sheet, containing the main information on the sanitary sewage system. In the second stage, from the budgets of each project, the construction values practiced in projects and works of sanitary sewage collection network under the management of COSANPA and SEDOP were identified, then the budgets were analyzed and the values for the same were updated. base date (October 2022), using the National Civil Construction Index – INCC of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation – FGV. In the third stage, the values of the sewage collection network of each project were compared. In the fourth stage, a range of values for the construction of a sewage collection network was presented, expressed in R$/meter of network. This range of costs will make it possible to determine a regional reference indicator regarding the implementation cost per meter of the sanitary sewage collection network, allowing its application in studies, reports and regional projects for the collection network; contributing with Specialized Consultancies, with Higher Education Institutions and with the Public Power, with actions that culminate in the increase of sewage coverage in the Metropolitan Region of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de distribuição de hidrantes urbanos no município de Ananindeua-PA utilizando Sistemas de Informações Geográficas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-27) FERNANDES NETO, Antenor Amaral; ADAM, Katiúcia Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2498018628901734; ALMEIDA, Aline Christian Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1388841813412015; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7421-5632
This work analyzed the physical conditions and the distribution of urban fire hydrants in the city of Ananindeua-PA, using GIS tools and how this distribution impacts the fire protection of the municipality. For this, four steps were carried out: In the first stage, the rules and norms in force on urban fire hydrants where surveyed. In the second stage, data were collected from existing hydrants (quantification, verification of installation and maintenance conditions, use and distribution of hydrants), through field visits and collection of secondary data from competent authorities (COSANPA and Firefighters). Subsequently, an analysis of the installation and maintenance conditions of urban fire hydrants was carried out using geoprocessing techniques. Finally, after analyzing the data, a proposal was drawn up for the redistribution of this equipment in the urban area of Ananindeua-PA (technical report), with the aim of optimizing the use and making fire fighting more effective. Thus, it was possible to verify the divergence between the current norms, as well as the inadequate distribution of urban hydrants and their poor maintenance, in addition to showing lower flow rates than required by the norms.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Recarga do aquífero livre na Universidade Federal do Pará, campus Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-06) SILVA, Salim Rodrigues da; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781
In Brazil urban supply, rural supply, industry, mining, thermoelectric, animal and irrigation consume approximately 61.46 billion m³/year of fresh water, with the greatest demand being urban supply (25%). In Belém, groundwater collection to feed the Water Supply System has been increasing. Despite this, the low quality of its distribution ends up stimulating the capitation of water without any criteria, contributing to the overexploitation of aquifers. In the field of scientific research, in the State of Pará, the amount of work to estimate underground recharge is incipient, making the development of new research urgent. Therefore, this work aims to estimate the recharge of the aquifer free of primary porosity located in an alluvial deposit, underlying the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém campus. The recharge estimate was carried out using the Water-Table Fluctuation (WTF) method in 8 monitoring wells distributed in the so-called health and professional sectors of the Federal University of Pará. The mean water level variation in the study area was between 0.76 and 2.27 m (discrete and continuous monitoring). A specific yield (Sy) was determined through a pumping test, which provided data that were analyzed in the AQTESOLV Demo software, using the Tartakovsky-Neuman analytical solution. The Sy result of the pumping test was 0.1 (10%). The estimated recharge for discrete monitoring was between 101.40 mm and 371.60 mm (year 2020), between 75.50 mm and 552.60 mm (year 2021) and between 19.50 mm and 140.50 mm (year 2022), with an average of 583.51 mm, which represents 6.93% of the precipitation in the study period (8,419.14 mm) and for continuous monitoring, it was between 40.00 mm and 87.90 mm (year 2020) and between 19.30 mm and 218.80 mm (year 2021), with an average of 539.45 mm, which corresponds to 38.86% of the precipitation of the study period (1,338.10 mm). Thus, based on discrete and continuous monitoring data, the average recharge for the study area corresponds to approximately 22.89% of the total precipitation. The results referring to the correlation between water table fluctuation and rainfall showed an average determination coefficient of 22.49%. Both the recharge and the correlation proved to be consistent with the other surveys carried out in Brazil. As explained above, continuous assessment of aquifer recharge is recommended for the sustainable use of groundwater resources, in order to ensure their multiple uses.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo gravimétrico de resíduos dos grandes geradores supermercadista; atacadista, hotelaria e restaurantes na região metropolitana de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-27) FRANÇA NETO, Raymundo da Costa; NORAT, Maria de Valdivia Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1628995172582591
This study addresses physical characteristics of gravimetry, presenting as a context the characteristic condition of waste for better use of recyclable waste for recycling, with organic solid waste digestible through technologies that can be better used. The main objective of the study is to identify, through gravimetric data, the possible technical relevance for the waste generated by large generators in the metropolitan region of Belém, for a better use of waste. In this way, it will have a contribution to increase the useful life of the sanitary landfill located in the area under study. The importance of gravimetric data for the survival of sanitary landfills is because it is an important tool in terms of the Solid Waste Management Plan, allowing the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from the gravimetry of large generators, allowing to present the difficulties and possibilities to implement a disposal system with better use of waste and to identify which are the major generators of solid waste in the current situation in the Metropolitan Region of Belém. The development of this research was divided by primary and secondary data; data analysis for the purpose of results regarding the study of gravimetry, descriptive statistics were analyzed; gravimetric analysis by graph; analysis of the gravimetric composition of RS through boxplot graphs; KruskallWallis test – GG; and literary study for foundation. The results of the survey show that the amount of digestible organic matter, as the highest power in the waste, is around 80.9%, confirming that the organic waste from large generators is completely avoidable for disposal in landfills, and should be directed to treatments with technology sustainable production of energy or compounds, leading to relevant reflections on waste to propose composting techniques, generating waste inputs for agriculture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de cargas poluidoras de nutrientes em canais urbanos de macrodrenagem no município de Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-28) BORGES, Erika Joana Nabiça; COELHO, André Luiz da Silva Salgado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853586340257273
With the expansion and population growth of the municipality of Belém/PA, areas with little or almost no sanitation infrastructure were developed, since as it grew, it circumvented water accidents instead of sanitizing them, resulting in large investments in works of macrodrainage currently, in peripheral areas. This work sought to evaluate the degree of pollution caused by polluting loads of nutrients in the 03 (three) macrodrainage channels, being Quintino Bocaiúva, Timbiras and Caripunas, belonging to BHEN, whose contribution flows into the main source of public supply in the municipality. For this, the work carried out the calculation of polluting loads of nutrients, analyzing NTK, ammoniacal-N, organic-N, Nitrate (NO3) and Total Phosphorus, in 5 qualitative campaigns, in addition to having carried out a bathymetric survey in 3 campaigns, considering the rainy and less rainy period. Initially, the flow results were presented, which after simulation it was verified that the highest flow is related to the Quintino channel, which was to be expected due to its greater contribution area. The correlation between nutrients and physical variables of temperature, OD and pH of the water was also verified. Thus, it was found that despite being small in most cases, there is a correlation between those mentioned. In addition, the concentration of the parameters was analyzed separately, based on the results of the laboratory analysis, in which the forms of nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded the limits recommended in the legislation, also expected due to the high contribution of the subbasins, in addition to there being no treatment efficient domestic sewage system in this area. Finally, the polluting load values were analyzed based on the relationship between flow and concentration, resulting in high values of load released into the receiving body, characterizing a scenario of extreme water degradation. Still, with this relationship it was possible to estimate the population that would be contributing to this scenario, whose numerical values were also quite high and not consistent with the reality in the area. Therefore, through these results, it is possible to affirm that they may be harmful to the waters of the canals, where a significant degradation of the quality of the waters is expected, which will follow to the Guamá river, and consequently, will reach the population that directly or indirectly have contact with these bodies of water
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização fisico-quimica de lixiviado bruto e tratado por osmose reversa de aterro sanitário no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-27) PEREIRA, Filipe Castro; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
The effluent generated inside landfills is called leachate. The characterization of the leachate generated in landfills is important to indicate its polluting potential and enable the application of techniques for its treatment. Thus, this work aims to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively the leachate from landfills located in the state of Pará. In addition, it aims to calculate the value of IPL for this leachate in order to know its potential contamination by comparing the results with those obtained by other authors. To this end, the work was divided into three phases, where the first was about the quantitative evaluation of the leachate, the second corresponded to the qualitative evaluation and the third is related to the calculation of the polluting potential of the leachate. The quantitative characterization had as a result a strong connection of the leachate input flow with rainfall, where it was noted an increase in flow when comparing the year 2018 with the year 2019, explained by the expansion of the landfill and the increase in the capacity of theLeachate Treatment Plant (LTP). The qualitative characterization showed a leachate with high organic matter contents and high fouling potential. The results of the third phase pointed out that the IPL methodology is not suitable for Brazilian leachates, being the Index of Deactivated Landfill (IDL) a more appropriate index for it. Thus, it is concluded that the leachate from Marituba landfill has a high complexity and should go through advanced treatment processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo entre metodologias de dimensionamento de sistemas prediais de água fria de um hospital localizado em Belém do Pará, de acordo com a atualização da nbr 5626
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-30) MACHADO, Cláudia Letícia da Silva; SANTOS, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1388841813412015; ADAM, Katiucia Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2498018628901734
The hydraulic installations must be designed and built in such a way as to ensure the uninterrupted supply of water, in sufficient quantity, at adequate pressures and speeds, under appropriate conditions for the development of human activities and for human consumption, ensuring comfort to users including the reduction of noise levels in pipes. These conditions are met from the technical standards that determine hydraulic parameters and calculation methods to be followed by designers, who take into account a theoretical study of pipe and connection sizing that, in practice, due to water consumption and practical operation, ended up causing the adequacy of manufacturers of sanitary appliances, development of more efficient technologies. Through laboratory tests, many manufacturers began to provide essential technical information for the development of more assertive projects, such as the actual water consumption of the appliances, especially the characteristic curves of flow as a function of pressure, fundamental for use in the design of water systems and for the development of new methods, in order to consider the variable flow in the points of consumption. Tied to this new scenario the updating of technical standards among them the NBR 5626, which expands the possibility of using specific data of manufacturers and sizing of facilities. In this context, the present work proposed a comparative study of the sizing methodologies of the hydraulic installations of cold water installed in a hospital located in Belém do Pará, according to the update of NBR 5626/2020 building systems of cold water and hot water - design, execution, operation and maintenance that cancels and replaces NBR 5626/1998 cold water building facilities. Thus, the research was divided into step (1) bibliographic research, presentation of the study area and data collection, step (2) dimensioning of the cold water system considering nbr 5626/98, step (3): sizing of the cold water system considering NBR 5626/20 and step (4) analysis of the results. In general, with this case study, a practical approach was obtained to apply the updated parameters of the NBR 5626/2020 regulation in relation to NBR 5626/1998, presenting flow values, determined by the specific information of each sanitary piece, where we had an increase in this parameter, as to the diameter we had in most of the preumadas the decrease directly interfering in the load loss that increased and how much available pressure a decrease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de monitoramento ambiental do parque estadual do Utinga: uma ferramenta para a melhoria dos serviços prestado a população da região metropolitana de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-27) LIMA, João Batista Marcelo de; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-5352
This work was developed in order to present an Instruction Guide, as a subsidy to the conception of the environmental monitoring system proposed for the State Park of Utinga (PEUt), which it was decided to call SISPEUt. In order to make it simpler and, therefore, more likely to be implemented, it was first decided to idealize it for the qualitative investigation of the soil and water in the Park. Initially, a study was carried out to verify the recommendations regarding the installation of a monitoring system for the environmental quality of the PEUt. This stage included the analysis of Brazilian hydro-environmental laws, norms, plans and programs that directly or indirectly presented such recommendations. Next, a survey of the vulnerability of the area was carried out in the face of the advance of the urbanization of the RMB. In this investigation, the threats imposed on the Park and its environmental elements became evident. In order to reveal details about the advantages of an environmental monitoring system, a study of qualitative and quantitative monitoring cases in protected areas in Brazil and abroad was carried out. The results showed benefits for the entire production chain associated with the monitored area, with gains also for the management bodies, for the political, academic and scientific classes, as well as for the general population. From all the survey carried out, the hypothetical-deductive method was used to ratify the objective of this work, which is summarized in presenting the Guide mentioned above. The architecture adopted for the proposed system was guided by the policies and guidelines of the ePING (Electronic Government Interoperability Standards), which advocates the use of public and/or free computer programs in the design of monitoring systems such as SISPEUt. The parameters to be monitored were defined according to norms and hydro-environmental programs in force or in progress in Brazil, with the contribution of systems that monitor environmental variables in the national territory. As for the location of the measurement and sample collection points, these were determined based on the Park's physiography and the threats imposed on the Conservation Unit (UC). In short, the final product of this work is considered an important contribution to environmental management in the RMB, since the implementation of SISPEUt can bring important subsidies to the protection of the CU and, consequently, improve the services provided to the population, especially those related to the provision of water for public supply.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plataforma de monitoramento da qualidade das águas residuárias no município de Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-14) SARAIVA, Danielle Pinto; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Large cities, such as Belém in Pará, require effective control for the monitoring of wastewater, as it can compromise the quality of urban water. A significant portion of these wastewaters is discharged into surface water bodies and could potentially be reused by riverside communities. In this context, utilizing the principles of Industry 4.0 to promote sustainability, cost reduction, and social responsibility, this study aimed to develop the E-Quality platform. This platform serves as a tool for controlling analytical results according to predefined parameters, with the purpose of enhancing environmental monitoring. The digital platform collects existing data, filters and generates graphs for optimized evaluation, examines temporal series, and produces reports on pollutant loads. These reports include data, graphs, and text editing for presentation in printed documents. The study employed sampling data from the year 2015 collected at the Vila da Barca Treatment Plant, provided by UFPA - Federal University of the State of Pará. This real data was used to assess the platform's application, analytically verifying its results for efficiency in removal by the treatment plant, emission values of pollutant loads per ton discharged into the receiving water body throughout the year, and comparisons between Total Nitrogen and Ammonia, BOD and COD, BOD and Phosphorus. Following the evaluation of the stored historical data, the platform's quality filter was utilized. This feature identifies results that deviate from the CONAMA 430 standard and those that do not meet requirements, such as sample storage time or values that exceed predefined limits, as seen in the case of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia data input. From the existing results, it was evident that the platform facilitates data monitoring, control, and management, thereby reducing costs and enhancing data security. As everything generated and added to the platform is stored in the cloud, it provides control over gross errors that could originate from users or collection and analysis procedures. The realtime evaluation of all results, as exemplified by the analysis of data from the Vila da Barca Treatment Plant in Belém, demonstrates the platform's effectiveness in wastewater monitoring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plataforma de monitoramento da qualidade de águas superficiais: estudo de caso dos portos de Belém e Barcarena/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-15) CORRÊA, Ítalo Machado; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Water is the essential input for life and various human activities. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, it brought numerous benefits to humanity; however, it also incurred costs, such as water pollution. One of the tools to curb water contamination is environmental management based on water quality monitoring, guided by laws and environmental indicators. To control and track data for water quality monitoring, the principles of Industry 4.0, considered the fourth industrial revolution, have been applied in recent years. The emergence of these technologies dedicated to water monitoring brings benefits to managers and decision-makers, aiding in the assessment of water resource quality. This allows for a more efficient and reliable approach to collected information. In light of this, this study developed a digital platform for monitoring and diagnosing data related to the environmental control of surface waters. The goal was to address the vast amount of data derived from large cities like Belém and Barcarena. To evaluate the functionality of the tool, areas synonymous with economic and social growth -ports - were chosen in these cities. The platform was created using JavaScript for the web system, and cloud storage utilized the Azure backend and Netlify frontend. The E-quality platform aims to fill the gap in information storage, providing monitoring results in an easy and dynamic manner. By evaluating the behavior of results over months and years through historical data, calculating environmental indices such as IQA and IET from the existing database, the platform assesses and filters gross errors, such as date errors, quantification limits, and assay expiration dates. It also compares the results with relevant legislation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de manual técnico para elaboração de um programa de monitoramento da qualidade da água subterrânea no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-09) SIQUEIRA, Maria Roberta Cavalcante de; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-5352
Monitoring groundwater is an extremely important activity for diagnosing and controlling potentially polluting activities. Applied to environmental management and control, whether due to a requirement from the regulatory body, through environmental license conditions, it represents a major environmental liability for companies that are not meeting the requirements demanded by these respective regulatory bodies. Activities that can cause changes in groundwater require periodic monitoring to ensure the maintenance of environmental quality, as they are standardized and require standards, manuals and regulations. This respective manual was conducted based on standards from the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards ABNT), international legislation, monitoring manuals and solutions on water quality applicable to the topic, as well as collections made up of monitoring wells within the Campus of the Federal University of Pará, in Belém (experimental area of this research). To this end, disposable Bailer samplers and measurements were used using the low flow system, aiming to define clear guidelines and rules for carrying out the activities involved in the process, as well as commenting on other devices that could be used for collection. of groundwater samples. At the end, a manual of good practices was proposed as a way of ordering and guiding the groundwater monitoring process. It is expected that this proposed technical manual will serve as a reference for groundwater collection, as given the concern within the State of Pará, it is extremely important to organize effective action and forward solutions to this environmental problem. Additionally, this manual is intended to be a purposeful document, and can be useful in environmental monitoring in different polluting activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Laboratório virtual de bombas hidráulicas para aprendizado de hidráulica aplicada ao saneamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-07) SANTOS, Yara Cristiane Fonseca; SENA, Manoel José dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2349287816857909
The curves that characterize the behavior of a pumping system are usually studied in physical laboratories. However, there are limitations regarding the parameters that are usually varied in such conditions. The use of virtual laboratories can expand the experiments conducted in physical laboratories in such a way that a better understanding of the effect of varying the parameters can occur. Examples of such parameters include length, pipe diameter, pipe material roughness, fluid viscosity, and the height difference between the lower and upper tanks. In this paper, the development of a responsive design virtual laboratory for a pumping system is described. This virtual laboratory can be used on PC computers, tablets, or smartphones due to its responsive graphical user interface. The equations used to simulate the behavior of the laboratory are the conservation equations, considering the equality between the manometric head provided by the pump and the pressure drop observed in the system. To account for pressure drops, the Darcy-Weisbach equations are used, with friction coefficients defined from the Colebrooke-White equations. The conservation equations are then solved numerically using the bisection method. The results are displayed graphically in the virtual laboratory. These results are the pump head, pressure losses, efficiency and driving power. All of them are as a function of the flow rate. The operating point is calculated and presented graphically. The variables are changed using sliders. The laboratory was tested with students of a Civil Engineering course. The results of a survey conducted with these students showed the effectiveness of the laboratory in promoting a greater understanding of the concepts studied. Most of the survey participants stated that they had greater knowledge of the pump curve, the system pressure loss curve, the pump efficiency curve and the pump driving power curve. This showed the usefulness of plotting these quantities as a function of the flow rate. A greater understanding of the influence of parameter variations was also perceived by the analysis of the survey results. In addition, the tests indicate directions for future developments
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de criação da interface do sistema de manifesto de transporte de resíduos do estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-17) BRAGA, Leonan de Souza; NORAT, Maria de Valdivia Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1628995172582591
The Waste Transport Manifest (WTM) is a management tool and declaratory document for the implementation and operationalization of the solid waste (SW) management plan in Brazil. Pará is among the states that have not yet created and implemented this system. Therefore, this study proposes the design of the WTM – Pará system, which could subsidize the State Secretary for Environment and Sustainability (SSES) for the inspection and monitoring of SW. The methodological procedures were: bibliographical research in different databases; documentary research, aiming to access relevant legislation and data from the WTM and the National Information System on Solid Waste Management (NISSW); application of a questionnaire to the legal representative of SSES; and interpretations, which consisted of analyzing the collected data to understand the reality of RS management in Pará and subsequently proposing of the WTM-Pará layout, based on the analysis of WTM systems in other Brazilian states. The results indicated that SSES does not have a specific department for RS management; there is no database on the generation, transport and destination values of RS; however, there is a coordination focused on the environmental licensing of waste transportation and treatment activities. Most of the licenses issued by SSES to waste transport companies, in the period from 2017 to 2022, were intended for those transporting dangerous substances and products (698). The data on RS, in NISSW, is out of date, which masks the real results. Based on the MTRs of six states that already adhere to this system, it was possible to identify some common fields for filling in information about the generator, transporter, destination and identification of waste. The proposed items for structuring the WTM - Pará were considered, using the Excel 2010, LibreOffice Calc and LibreOffice Draw creation tool, creating form models for the mandatory filling items, with modifications consistent with the reality of Pará, such as river transport in SW. It was then necessary to include the subfield "Vehicle License Plate/Title Ship Number" to identify the carrier. It was concluded that the layout of the WTM – Pará proposed in this study could be one of the first steps towards the elaboration and regulation of the system, as well as the search for its constant improvement, to positively impact the management of public departments and public entities, such as SSES, and to improve the current scenario of solid waste treatability in the State of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Proposta de uma metodologia para o gerenciamento dos resíduos removidos em limpezas de redes coletoras de esgoto sanitário na RMB-PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-27) ROCHA, Edgleuberson Guimarães; ADAM, Katiucia Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2498018628901734
Public cleaning services for sanitary sewage collection networks generate waste. Proper management of this waste helps to extend the useful life of landfills, prevent environmental degradation and prevent sanitation service providers from becoming subject to civil and criminal penalties, according to article n. 60 of the environmental crimes law n. 9,605/1998. The objective is to present a proposal for a methodology for managing waste removed in the cleaning of sewage collection networks sanitary - SCNS. Developed in the area Sewage Treatment Station-STS II, at Avenue Tavares Bastos, S 1°24'18.4" W 48°26'52.3". The work was carried out in 3 stages, with the first stage determining the volume (m³) of non-coarse waste, decantable in the waste tanks of hydrojet trucks, removed in the SCN cleanings, in the year 2022, considering for comparative purposes the 3 rainiest and even months of that year. In the volumetric determination, a mathematical model for determining volumes of horizontal cylinders was used and, to validate this model, cubages were carried out, with a 1m³ stretcher, of the decantable waste from the tanks of two trucks, in triplicate, and the arithmetic means of the volumes obtained were compared. In the 2nd stage, the technically suitable location was identified to: package, sanitize and dispose of the waste removed in the SCN cleanings for final disposal. To this end, the characteristics of the SSS were analyzed, where the waste in question is concentrated, considering the availability of area for expansion, security (personal and property) and the proximity of a preliminary sewage station unit for treatment of the liquid part. Finally, in the 3rd stage, a proposal for a methodology for managing this waste was presented. To this end, all the steps from the previous stages were compiled sequentially, from the control of the information on the service orders for carrying out the SCN cleanings to the final disposal of the waste generated in this SCN cleaning. As a result, the volume values determined for the three rainiest months were 3.182 m³, and for the three less rainy months, 3.147 m³. The rainy season was considered the most critical for a possible annual extrapolation. The location with geographic coordinates 1°24'17.4"S 48°26'49.9"W, on the STS II site, was adopted for the implementation of a device with impermeable flooring and transparent covering, interconnected to pumping station 4 of STS II. It was concluded that it is possible to apply the methodology presented for the management of waste removed in the cleaning of SCN, for immediate disposal in a sanitary landfill. For the practice of reusing this waste, specific studies for this purpose will be essential
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Monitoramento da qualidade da água de consumo humano em Belém-PA/: uso de dashboards visando aprimorar a gestão municipal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-27) NASCIMENTO JÚNIOR, Lourival Maurício; COELHO, André Luiz da Silva Salgado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853586340257273
The present study aims to monitor water for human consumption in the Municipality of Belém/PA through dashboards, which are visual panels where relevant information is condensed and presented to facilitate data analysis. The idea of the work is to develop a strategic tool for monitoring the quality of water for human consumption for the Municipality of Belém/PA that is dynamic and interactive, considering data from the Water Quality Surveillance Information System (SISAGUA). The methodology used consisted of 3 distinct stages. In stage 1, monitoring data were extracted from the SISAGUA system, referring to the variables residual free chlorine, turbidity, total coliforms and Escherichia Coli, registered between the years 2018 and 2023. In stage 2, with the data extracted in Excel spreadsheet format, The physical-chemical index (IFQ) for turbidity and free residual chlorine was determined, with the aim of evaluating whether the water meets the maximum permitted values. For the variables Total Coliforms and Escherichia Coli, whose laboratory results are presence or absence, the bacteriological index (BI) was calculated to assess whether the water meets the bacteriological standard for potability. In stage 3, dashboards were created to assist in monitoring water for human consumption, using the Microsoft Excel program, through which it is possible to observe and make comparisons with current potability criteria. For the water supply system (SAA), 3,518 samples were extracted, and for collective alternative solutions (SAC), 785 samples were extracted. The designation of these forms of supply as SAA or SAC is the responsibility of Environmental Surveillance when entering the data into SISAGUA, according to the criteria established in the potability ordinance. The results at the station outlet showed that the IFQ for free residual chlorine ranged from 34.02% to 66.67%, while in the distribution network it ranged from 18.40% to 35.60%, both below the ideal IFQ of 100%. The results at the station outlet showed that the IFQ for turbidity ranged from 82.86% to 100%, while in the distribution network it ranged from 92.96% to 95.06%. The results at the station exit showed that the BI for Escherichia coli ranged from 86.05% to 96.67%, while in the distribution network it ranged from 86.10% to 90.54%, values below the ideal BI of 100%. There were worrying non conformities in relation to residual free chlorine and Escherichia coli, as these are important indicators of the sanitary quality of the water. This demonstrates the advantage of using a dashboard compared to traditional reports. The use of this tool by the Health and Environmental Surveillance of the Municipality of Belém/PA can positively contribute as an instrument to support municipal management, facilitating decision-making and monitoring water for human consumption.