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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 137

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Royalties da mineração: instrumento de promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável de regiões mineradoras na Amazônia Oriental?
(1998) ENRIQUEZ, Maria Amélia Rodrigues da Silva
A Amazônia brasileira possui uma das maiores e mais diversificadas reservas minerais do planeta. A importância econômica do setor mineral, em nível agregado, é significativa. No Estado do Pará, principal Estado mineiro da Amazônia, o setor mineral responde por 40% das exportações e 12% do Produto Interno Bruto estadual (Silva, 1994). Apesar dessa riqueza e dos altos valores da produção, o setor mineral não tem sido um vetor de desenvolvimento regional. O setor mineral emprega apenas 0,45% da mão-de-obra economicamente ativa da Amazônia, contribui com menos de 4% das arrecadações de impostos e seus efeitos multiplicadores em outros setores da economia regional são ínfimos (Vidal e Santana, 1998). Essa incapacidade de gerar benefícios para a sociedade local no presente e no futuro é ainda mais preocupante devido ao fato de os minérios serem um recurso não renovável, ou seja, a exploração do minério diminui o estoque de capital inicial, comprometendo o fluxo de renda no futuro. No início dos anos 90 foi implementado no Brasil a “compensação financeira pela exploração dos bens minerais (CFEM)” – ou simplesmente royalty com o objetivo de capturar parte do valor da renda referente à diminuição do estoque mineral. Esse imposto, se bem investido em outros setores da economia, tem a possibilidade de gerar um fluxo de renda sustentado ad infinitum (Hartwick, 1977).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Globalização econômica, políticas públicas e exclusão social
(1999-12) CARVALHO, David Ferreira
Neste artigo, o autor discute os impactos da globalização econômica no mercado de trabalho, apresentando os problemas que as inovações tecnológicas podem provocar nesse mercado e especula sobre alguns processos de difusão tecnológica dos complexos eletroeletrônicos e da biotecnologia. Discute também, sobre as possibilidades do aumento do desemprego e vislumbra alternativas com base no terceiro setor. A última parte do trabalho traz uma análise dos paradoxos da globalização tecnológica e indagações sobre o futuro do capitalismo.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de sistemas de informação: revisão da literatura
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-06) FERREIRA, Osmar Carmo Arouck
Literature review on information systems assessment. It analyses 104 published articles in 14 dijferent periodicals between 1974 and 1997. It identifies, analyses, and systematizes dependent variable adopted for evaluating information systems through that period. It focuses specifically the attributes related to the information quality and service quality of information systems. It also presents the literature referring to the using of the service marketing area instrument SERVQUAL, as well as its applicability in the information systems field.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A sociedade da informação no Brasil: um ensaio sobre os desafios do Estado
(2003-04) FERREIRA, Rubens da Silva
This article treats of the challenges the State faces for consolidating an information society in Brazil. These challenges are illiteracy, the need of developing human resources and the difficulty of any citizen in accessing information technology. Information society is understood as something ambivalen for the Brazilian State. It represents challenges but at the same time opportunities for developing an informational order, characterized by very quick changes in a contemporary society. Therefore, the State has to elaborate and apply relevant public policies for overcoming these challenges in order to build up a more evenly accessible information society in Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Trabalhadores da Albras e sua organização política
(2004-06) GOMES, Vera Lúcia Batista; CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de
As of the late 20th century and beginning of the 21st century, workers organizations have deeply changed. Workers struggle to defend their interests and those of the society in general have become more and more difficult. This study analyzes the particularities of the present status of Albras workers political organization, based on the changes undergone by the company, and how those changes affected the Metal Industry Workers Union of the State of Pará (SIMETAL). It tries to understand the challenges to the workers collective actions towards a new structure within the industrial capitalism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Henry Walter Bates: um viajante naturalista na Amazônia e o processo de transferência da informação
(2004-08) FERREIRA, Rubens da Silva
From the XVII century on, in the Amazon it began a moving of traveler naturalists as they were attracted by the biosociodiversity of the region, which was dominated by a forest of a tropical type. Henry Bates (1825-1892), a Natural History's scholar, was one of them, though he dislocated to the North of Brazil later on, between the years of 1848 and 1859. In such a context and through this paper, it is intended to analyze the process of transference of information that was produced by this traveler naturalist after 11 years of fieldwork. With basis on the bibliographic material that was selected towards this endeavor, it was verified that such a process was successful as an ample circulation of the Bates' published work reveals it. Exactly after the 156 years of this expedition, the scientific production of Bates continue to participate of the academic knowledge's circuit referring to the Amazon in the contemporary times, be it in the field of the Biology, Zoology, Sociology, History or of the Anthropology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Certificações socioambientais: desenvolvimento sustentável e competitividade da indústria mineira na Amazônia
(2005) ENRIQUEZ, Maria Amélia Rodrigues da Silva; DRUMMOND, José Augusto Leitão
The text deals with the relations between economic growth of a sector responsible for consuming non-renewable natural resources and the process of sustainable development in the Eastern part of the Brazilian state of Pará. The mining of metallic ores in Pará has been growing strongly; local mines are global leaders in their respective fields and must operate in tune with established global social-environmental norms. Therefore, almost all of these mining companies are certified, both socially and environmentally. This behavior presupposes that these companies adhere to the principles of sustainability. Thus, the object of this research effort is to inquire about the effectiveness of these certifications for the process of sustainable development of the territorial sections in which those companies operate. The major findings are (1) that the positive consequences of certifications are still much more visible in the realm of the productive performance of the companies than in terms of socio-economic development of the nearby areas and (2) that socio-environmental certification processes place much more emphasis on ecological variables than on social ones.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Turismo como instrumento de ação coletiva em áreas pesqueiras do litoral da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-08) QUARESMA, Helena Doris de Almeida Barbosa; CAMPOS, Raul Ivan Raiol de
This paper tries to analyze touristic activity practices and its impacts on coastal fishermen communities of Pará State, presenting the theories of collective action as a viable perspective to the effectivation of sustainable tourism. The paper begins by making considerations on the theorical approach on collective action, sustainable development and sustainable tourism. After that, a general perspective on current changes on haliêuticas societies are presented, mainly in which way tourism has been implemented on these areas, and which way the collective action can become an effective tool to the touristic praxis compromised with the local integrated development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Pragmatismo e economia: elementos filosóficos para uma interpretação do discurso econômico
(2006-09) GALA, Paulo Sérgio de Oliveira Simões; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; REGO, José Márcio Rebolho
This paper brings elements from the pragmatic philosophy to the debate on methodology in economics, with a specific concern on the theory of truth and its connection with epistemology. After briefly discussing the contributions of William James, John Dewey, Charles Sanders Peirce and the works of Willard Quine and Richard Rorty in this area, we point out to some of the influences that this school of thought may have had on the work of important economists such as John M. Keynes, Milton Friedman and Thorstein Veblen. We then conclude with some reflections that may be useful for research made by economists.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Curva ambiental de Kuznets e desenvolvimento econômico sustentável
(2006-09) ARRAES, Ronaldo de Albuquerque e; DINIZ, Marcelo Bentes; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira
The motivation of this article bases on the controversy in the recent literature about economic growth, sustainable development and environmental protection, started with the empirical evidences presented by Grossman and Krueger (1995, 1996), where the relationship between per capita GDP and emission of pollutants takes the shape of an inverted–U, denominated in the literature as Environmental Kuznets Curves (EKC). This article differs from others by contributing with further explanation stemming from economic development indicators. Despite being contested by many authors, several structural interpretations of EKC have been strongly sustained under ad hoc shield. The concern about such stylized fact is whether or not the economic growth itself generates an automatic protection to the environment, consequently to the maintainable development. Based upon panel data for countries, it is verified that the variables that denote sustainable economic development present a weak relationship with per capita GDP to support an EKC representation. There are also evidences for environmental curves in cubic format, which means rejection of EKC, besides most of the development indicators pointing out for divergences among countries.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Políticas de turismo e sustentabilidade em comunidades tradicionais: perspectivas conceituais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-04) PINTO, Paulo Moreira
The public policies of tourism in Brazil and in the Amazon, analyzing its implications in the political and administrative reality of traditional communities and its relationship with the historical sustainability of those populations in relation to the natural environment. It is an exploratory research, and in order to achieve its goal, describes the trajectory of the public policies of tourism in Brazil and, particularly, in the Amazon confronting them with theoretical background that support the formation of public policies, specially of sustainable tourism, which permeates the new programs of tourism and foresees the inclusion of community participation as an important element to carry out the public policies of tourism.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Argentina’s quarter century experiment with neoliberalism: from dictatorship to depression
(2007-04) COONEY, Paul John
Argentina set a new historical mark in 2002, having experienced the largest debt default by any country ever. In order to understand how Argentina could go from one of the most developed countries of the Third World, to experiencing the crisis of 2001 and then enter a depression in 2002 with over half the population living in poverty, requires an evaluation of the last quarter century of economic policies in Argentina. The shift toward neoliberalism began during the dictatorship of 1976, deepened during the Menem administration, and was supported throughout by the IMF. This paper aims to identify why the crisis occurred when it did, but also to understand how the underlying shifts in the political economy of Argentina over more than two decades led to two waves of deindustrialization, an explosion of foreign debt and such a marked decline in the standard of living for the majority of Argentinians.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desigualdades econômicas inter-regionais, capacidade tributária e esforço fiscal dos Estados da Amazônia (1970-2000): uma abordagem econométrica de fronteira estocástica
(2007-12) CARVALHO, David Ferreira; OLIVEIRA, Cléo Conceição Resque de; CARVALHO, André Cutrim
The objective of the present work is, therefore, to present an analysis of the effects of the inter-regional economical inequalities about the interregional inequalities of the state outturn in the sphere of the fiscal federalism.The problem of the regional inequality between the areas and Brazilian states was always the main focus of the regional economists’attention. However, its is relatively scarce the studies and researches that seek to study the effects of the inter-regional economical inequalities on the inter-regional tax inequalities of the collection execute and potential of the brazilian states. For that, the results of the measurement of the capacity of the outturn of the Brazilian states were analysed, with prominence for the states of the North area, for the years of 1970 up to 2006. The methodology used to esteem the capacity outturn and to determine the state governments fiscal effort was the econometric model of stochastic border adapted for this end.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arranjo produtivo do artesanato na Região Metropolitana de Belém: uma caracterização empírica
(2007-12) DINIZ, Marcelo Bentes; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira
This article presents the handicraft industry in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, treating it as a productive arrangement. Primary data obtained from field work carried out in 2005 by the authors, was combined with secondary data from research carried out by SEBRAE in 2002. The most significant empirical aspects regarding the functioning of this arrangement are constituted by five main elements: the company and entrepreneurs, dynamics of innovation, learning, knowledge and cooperation and, finally, the most significant aspects of its management. The questionnaire developed by Redesist (IE-UFRJ) regarded the activities connected with handicrafts and was given to directly to the “producers”, in accordance with a representative sample. Among the results obtained, the most significant were the relations of family work, a lack of professionalism, a low degree of cooperation, despite innovations with respect to new products.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dos décadas de Neoliberalismo en México: resultados y retos
(2008-12) COONEY, Paul John
This paper evaluates Mexico’s shift toward neoliberalism after considering its experience with import-substitution industrialization (ISI), including the liberalization of trade and finance and privatizations. The next section assesses NAFTA and the growing integration of Mexico’s economy with the US, and the particular role of the maquiladora industry in the context of Mexico’s development strategy. The next section presents the results of two decades of neoliberal policies in Mexico, considering the impact on workers, the environment and the Mexican population overall, with particular emphasis on the peso crisis of 1994-95. The main results for the neoliberal period are the following: GNP growth rates are roughly half of the level for the ISI period; real manufacturing wages in 2004 are only 70% of their level in 1980; and unemployment and poverty clearly increased. Finally, the attempts to challenge the specific neoliberal model that Mexico has been pursuing are presented and discussed.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Causas do desmatamento da Amazônia: uma aplicação do teste de causalidade de Granger acerca das principais fontes de desmatamento nos municípios da Amazônia Legal brasileira
(2009) DINIZ, Marcelo Bentes; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, José Nilo de; TROMPIERI NETO, Nicolino; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira
Many are the factors indicated by the pertinent literature concerning the causes of deforestation in Brazilian Legal Amazon. From endogenous aspects as the edafo-climatic conditions to aspects related to anthropic action, like the population movements, urban growth, and especially, the independent or induced actions of the different public and private economic agents who have acted in the region, historically configuring the processes of occupation of the land and economic exploitation of the Amazonian region. The objective of this article is to perform a causality test, in the Granger sense, in the main variables suggested as important that explain the deforestation of the Legal Amazon, in the period from 1997 to 2006. The methodology to be used is based on dynamic models for the panel data, developed by Holtz-Eakin et al. (1988) and Arellano-Bond (1991) who developed a causality test based on the seminal article of Granger (1969). Among the main results found is the empirical evidence that there is a bidirectional causality between deforestation and the areas of permanent and temporary cultures, as well as the size of the cattle herd.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desigualdade e heterogeneidade no desenvolvimento da Amazônia no século XXI
(2009-04) LIRA, Sérgio Roberto Bacury de; SILVA, Márcio Luiz Monteiro da; PINTO, Rosenira Siqueira
The deforestation of the Amazon forest is one of the most important environmental problems faced by the Brazilian government. The economic literature points to numerous factors responsible for deforestation, and many of these are, directly or indirectly, derived from federal spending. This article analyzes, through a panel data econometric model, how federal spending can influence, or mitigate, Amazonian deforestation. The state of Pará is used as a case study, as it presents the highest degree of deforestation among all Amazonian states.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amazônia legal: análise de convergência da renda municipal com base em um modelo threshold
(2009-06) DINIZ, Marcelo Bentes; OLIVEIRA JÚNIOR, José Nilo de; FERREIRA, Roberto Tatiwa; PAIXÃO, Alex Sandro da
This paper is an analysis of the process of convergence of income between the municipalities of the Legal Amazonia in the period of 1980 to 2004, trying to identify the existence of clubs of convergence using a model threshold. Results indicated for the formation of six clubs of convergence, among them shows a process of convergence between the clubs extremes. In general, human capital proved to be significant in explaining the process of growth of the groups of municipalities richer. The results also indicated that the physical capital was significantly negative for explaining the process of economic growth of most clubs of convergence, demonstrating in this way, a negative role for public investment undertaken in the districts of the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo como mitigador do aquecimento global e a participação do Brasil
(2009-06) COTA, Raimundo Garcia; REIS, Maria Aparecida Martins Cardoso; VALE, Lorena Alves do
This study of economic-environmental relevance emerges from the problem of the Global Environment in order to analyze the Mechanism of Clean Development (MCD) as an efficient tool, which can contribute to the mitigation of the Greenhouse Effect Gases (GEG) through the fulfilling of emission reduction goals pre-established by Kyoto Protocol. One examines the participation of Brazil as a hosting country of MCD projects. One concludes that, although the implementation of the MCD reduces the global cost of reduction of greenhouse gases emissions by developed countries and supports initiatives which promote sustainable development, the lacking of major specificity in the rules of the mechanism can open precedents to the right of polluting. One understands that the mechanism cannot be restricted only to the fulfillment of goals, but it is fundamental that it works as discouragement of pollution in its origin, according to the proposal of sustainability, north of the weather environmental policy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A informação social no corpo travesti (Belém, Pará): uma análise sob a perspectiva de Erving Goffman
(2009-08) FERREIRA, Rubens da Silva
Having in mind a woman ideal, the travesties make use of a hybrid morphology, matching signs of masculinity and femininity, but the result is that they disqualified for a major society. This way, based on the notion of Goffman's social information, the objective of this paper is to analyze the bodies of the referred individuals, what is carried out according to a relational perspective. The corpus under analysis is the material obtained from an ethnographic research carried out in 2002 and 2003 among travesties, prostituted in Belém, Pará State. In general, the bodies of travesties show forth a diversity of information which conveys stigma, deviation, violence and wish, in the State capital.