Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia - PPGA/IFCH

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4031

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia (PPGA) é um programa do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e teve início das suas atividades, em agosto de 2010. O PPGA contempla a formação de cientistas antropólogos em nível de Mestrado e Doutorado.

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Agrobiodiversidade Tentehar na Aldeia Olho D’Água, Maranhão: trajetórias, saberes e práticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-08) FELIX, Neusani Oliveira Ives; BARROS, Flávio Bezerra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4706140805254262; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6155-0511
In this research, I addressed the topic of agrobiodiversity among the Tentehar people of Olho D'Água Village, Bacurizinho Indigenous Land, Maranhão State, Brazil. Agrobiodiversity, in the context of this study, is understood as the part of biodiversity that encompasses agricultural varieties and genetic resources, sociocultural processes, knowledge associated with plants, and animals managed and hunted for food purposes. The methodological approach included participant observation, impression management, collective memory, oral narratives, semi-structured and open interviews with 13 women and 11 men, a questionnaire, and a field notebook. These strategies were crucial for the construction of an attentive and aligned ethnography based on scientific, social, and political dimensions for a successful research conduction starting from a dialogical relationship between the researcher and the interlocutors. The farmers recognize or cultivate an immense and rich set of ethnovarieties of edible crops of all kinds. In the backyard areas, in addition to the cultivars, there is animal husbandry, such as pigs, goats, chickens, guinea fowl, ducks, turkeys, and quails. From the forests, the Tentehar people obtain the game that is so important to their food culture, including armadillo, “peba”, “catingueiro” deer, “mateiro” deer, collared peccaries, agoutis, white-nosed coatis, guans, “juriti”, “lambu”, among others. The relationship between agricultural practices, both in crop fields and backyard areas, game obtained from the forests, and the agrobiodiversity as a whole is part of the debate on food sovereignty and security, giving the Tentehar food culture its unique traits. Agrobiodiversity constitutes the thread that intertwines the relationships of the farmer with the management of crop fields, backyard areas, and game, referring to the sense of trajectories, identity, and authenticity, in which interspecies relations, rules, prohibitions, and restrictions are established. As guardians of agrobiodiversity, the Tentehar farmers resist with their crop fields, cultivating, multiplying, and exchanging seeds with relatives and neighbors. In the backyards, they conduct experiments with animals and plants, producing seedlings of cultivars that circulate among them, in a system of genetic resource conservation, “in situ/on farm”. In hunting practices, ancestral knowledge, the tactics used to capture animals, weapons, traps, and interspecies interactions permeated by the ambivalence between killing game to eat and the fear of reprisal from the “piwáras” (spirits) are present. Therefore, the data from the research indicate that the place of agrobioversity in Tentehar life is the place of resilience and resistance, strongly linked to the material and symbolic reproduction of families, holding great significance in maintaining Tentehar ways of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise espacial dos sítios monumentais do leste da Amazônia ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-19) BARBOSA, Antonia Damasceno; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9087840228167206
This study aimed to analyze the geometric enclosures located in the eastern state of Acre, using geoprocessing tools and considering environmental and cultural factors that could have influenced the decisions of social groups on the location and morphology of these archaeological sites. The approach of landscape archaeology was used, as well as GIS as an analytical tool. From the survey data of 419 geometric enclosures in eastern Acre State, the research investigated cultural patterns related to the morphology and configuration, location and orientation of sites, using statistical and methods of spatial analysis. The study concluded that patterned building techniques were used in the construction of the enclosures and their location took into account the proximity of water sources, soil types and elevation. Morphological characteristics were associated with the size and location of sites. The survey also found that most of the enclosures was constructed to mark the winter or summer solstice. Considerations were also made on the state of conservation of sites and challenges to the management of this heritage.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Antes tinha peixe e não tinha essas coisas, agora tem essas coisas e não tem peixe”: considerações sobre a atividade pesqueira artesanal na Vila dos Pescadores, Bragança – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-09-30) SILVA, Adriana Batista Cecim da; ALENCAR, Edna Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7555559649274791
The present study deals with the artisanal fishing activity carried out on the north Brazilian coast, by residents of Vila dos Pescadores, located in the Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX Mar) of Caeté-Taperaçú, in the municipality of Bragança - Pará. The research aims to characterize this activity, identifying the types of fisheries, the target species and the impacts that threaten the productive capacity of fishermen and artisanal fisherwomen. For that, I tried to identify the main factors of change and the strategies of continuity of the activity, using as methodology the literature review and the field research with ethnographic techniques from semi-structured interviews with fishermen and public sector agents; collection of secondary data through literature review and documental research, and the use of photographic records of the community's daily activities, fishing work and rituals. Lúcia Helena Cunha (2013) mentions that traditional knowledge and modernity are in a complementary relationship, where both undergo changes and are re-signified. Such resignification is also pointed out by Marshall Sahlins (1997). Thus, the results indicate that the modernization of fishing technologies and the construction of Highway PA 458 are presented as the main factors of change, stimulating overfishing and overfishing that interfere, especially in fisheries carried out in the estuary and close to the beach. This set of factors influences the decrease in harvests, harms the use of traditional fishing technologies and affects sociocultural aspects of the group, such as the practice of sharing fish in the port, called kial, carried out by fishermen when they return from fishing - this fish, before intended only for food, it is now marketed as an alternative source of income. The analyzes indicate that the impacts on artisanal fishing can influence the circularity of ecological knowledge essential to the sustainability of this activity when young people move away from fishing and other people turn to extractive practices as subsistence strategies in order to guarantee food security for families. Some of these actions allow the continuity and resignification of local traditional knowledge that guide the ways of interacting with the environment, but others can negatively affect the mangrove ecosystem and local sociocultural practices. Furthermore, the creation of the Marine RESEX did not prevent predatory fishing and overfishing, due to the weak performance of the State in the implementation of an efficient fisheries management system that delimits the areas of activity of artisanal/commercial and semi-industrial fishing (sometimes operating in an unsustainable way in areas far from the coast using fishing net "apoitada" and/or trawl nets) and are in line with the interests of fishermen and artisanal fisherwomen in the community, based on a dialogic relationship.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Antropologia linguística & etnografia toponímica: vivências e narrativas em linguagens socioculturais de Murinin-Benevides-Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-06) FARIAS, Maria Adelina Rodrigues de; PACHECO, Agenor Sarraf; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5839293025434267
The present experiment deals with the questioning about the meaning of the names of places where people circulate, the toponyms, in the municipality of Benevides-PA, more precisely in the district of Murinin. The toponymic studies have as scope the deprehension of the lexicon of certain territories, considering the historical and socio-cultural formation of the people that live there, specifically through the names given to the social circulation places, such as streets, waterways, districts, cities, etc., evidencing both synchronic and diachronic aspects of speech. The study deals with a discussion about the construction of memory and toponymic identity of this locality, demonstrating the values attributed by the interlocutors to their birth and/or living places. The problematization is based on the following guiding question: What power relations are present in the constitution of this nominalization? For this reason, I considered, for this research, to work with the theoretical assumptions of Postcolonial Anthropology and the studies on Oral Narratives. Thus, I start, in principle, a formal survey, not escaping too much from the traditional methodology of toponymic research, but considering, in the interviews, the alternative toponymy as well, that is, unofficial, vernacular, trying to motivate the interlocutor to seek, in his memory, the identity of such name and its relation to the life of those who live(d) there, whether from the social, political, economic or religious point of view.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arqueologia do baixo Tapajós: ocupação humana na periferia do domínio tapajônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-17) MARTINS, Cristiane Maria Pires; SCHAAN, Denise Pahl; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9087840228167206
This research investigates a archaeological site located on a supposed south boundary of the Incised and Punctate Tradition area of influence, in the lower Tapajós River, and debates the results of the investigation in the light of the data and hypotheses on the precolonial occupation of the region. Archaeological investigations in the region in the last couple of years have revealed that the area of dispersal of this tradition is larger than previously expected. Material culture styles and the ways the landscape was occupied seem to indicate cultural contact between the inhabitants of the lower Tapajós River and the peoples who lived on the Nhamundá and Trombetas rivers basins by the end of the first millennium. So being, this research focus was twofold: (1) a local scale, with reference to Serraria Trombetas site and a detailed study of the in-site space as a micro cosmos of a regional history; and (2) a regional scale, comparing local results with the chronology and the characteristics of other sites in the region. Cultural diversity among the pre-colonial indigenous groups in the region was studied through ceramic styles, lithic objects, spatial distribution of vestiges in the local and regional levels, and the absolute chronology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Arquitetura disciplinar na Amazônia: o Educandário Dr. Nogueira de Faria – Ilha de Cotijuba
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-03-13) SEABRA, Amanda Carolina de Sousa; COSTA, Diogo Menezes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3938588690473816; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4220-8232
For more than 30 years, the island of Cotijuba (Belém - PA) has housed three different institutions (reformatory colony, school and prison) that had as their purpose the education and recovery of the individual to live in society. The architecture of this place is great and it draws attention whenever you arrive at this island. This research makes an initial historical survey of what contexts and motives this school was created in the early 1930s and what led to its closure in the late 1970s. From this, it seeks to understand how the architecture of all this construction was used as another form of control of the inmates and, also, to understand how the discipline materialized and was perpetuated for years in this architecture. To do this, we use the architecture archeology approach to reach the objectives, based on three methodologies in this area: spatial, gamma and alpha analysis. With this, it is possible to answer the main question, which is: how did the discipline materialize in the architecture of the educational Dr. Nogueira de Faria?
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Atividade física dos Paleoamericanos de Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais: análise das propriedades geométricas da secção transversal de ossos longos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-07) DIAS, Bárbara Vieira; GLÓRIA, Pedro José Tótora da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9111647253588398; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6282-7826
The Lagoa Santa region has attracted the attention of many researchers around the world since the 19th century, especially regarding its extensive osteological collection. Since the research carried out by Peter Lund, the interest in aspects such as the health and lifestyle of the Lagoa Santa groups has been growing, resulting in analyses that have contributed to understanding the lives of some of the oldest Paleoamericans in South America. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cross-sectional properties of the femur and humerus of a skeletal sample of Paleoamericans from Lagoa Santa, Minas Gerais, and, from this analysis, infer the levels of physical activity of these hunter-gatherers. In total, the Lagoa Santa sample consists of 52 femurs and 44 humeri, all belonging to adult individuals. Computed tomography was used to obtain images of the internal structure of the bones, without causing any damage to the bones. The analyses were performed using the ImageJ program and generated data regarding the variables TA, CA, Ix, Iy, Imax, Imin, Zx, Zy, Zp and J. In addition, groups of hunter-gatherers and farmers from 11 world regions were selected to compose a comparative sample. The results demonstrated that Lagoa Santa presents a high activity of the lower limbs, similar to other hunter-gatherers, with the results for the upper limb decreasing high asymmetry and sexual dimorphism. Therefore, the physical activity patterns observed in Lagoa Santa are aligned with those of hunter-gatherers and show bone adaptations that reflect a physically active life, while the use of the upper limbs suggests a difference in the activities performed by male and female groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Um buraco no meio da praça: múltiplas percepções sobre um sítio arqueológico em contexto urbano amazônico – o caso de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-16) FERNANDES, Glenda Consuelo Bittencourt; SILVEIRA, Flávio Leonel Abreu da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1972975269922101; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211
This research considers the multiple meaning sassigned to the historical site “ Igreja Nossa Senhora do Rosário dos Homens Brancos”, located in the urban context of the city of Belém, Pará, in Amazon, specifically in the Carmo Square. The site was studied during an Urban Archaeology Project which aimed at presenting the structures of the Church to the public through an architectural strategy known as archaeological windows. From the perspective of Public Archaeology I discuss the meanings and uses of the site in the daily life of the local communities. The fieldwork was performed between 2012 and 2013 and during this time I have conducted an ethnographic research, carrying out interviews with residents, workers and other people that walk across the square every day. Finally, I discuss the historical context of the site, and present some reflections concerning the design of the cultural heritage policies in urban contexts.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caminhos de gênero nas feras de Bissau: resiliência e desafios de mulheres guineenses em contextos de vulnerabilidade diante dos impactos sociais e econômicos da COVID-19
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-24) GOMES, Peti Mama; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043X
In Guinea Bissau, the feras - Crioulo word for “fairs” - play a significant role in the country's economic, social and cultural life. They are places of intense buying and selling of goods, encompassing issues of female emancipation, meeting and reunion points, historical narratives, experiences, and shared living. Therefore, they are configured as plural public spaces, and privileged contexts for ethnographic fieldwork, where a series of complex sociocultural relationships develop. This thesis aims to understand, through a female-centered and anthropological perspective, the socioeconomic dynamics of Guinean women, who sometimes are bideras (official fair female vendors), fassiduris di bida (women who make a living by selling), sumiaduris (women who own orchards), and bindiduris (female sellers in general) who played active roles - before, during and after the pandemics - in the three main local feras: Bande, Caracol, and Bairro Militar, all in Bissau city, capital of Guinea-Bissau. This study is the result of ethnographic research, whose methodological process combined online research and in-person fieldwork. For this, oral narratives from digital platforms were used, such as social networks, through messages and audios interchanged with di mindjeris di fera (the fair female vendors). During the research period, the main ethnographic strategies included informal conversations, transcriptions, and ethnographic data analysis. The last stages of research took place in Bissau, with a focus in the bideras and fassiduris di bida. In conclusion, the analysis focused on the problematization of gender relations and work, and how they were affected by the pandemics. The results indicate that my research interlocutors are responsible for a large part of the country's material and symbolic subsistence, which was evidenced and intensified with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemics.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Crianças ribeirinhas e quilombolas da Amazônia: crescimento, determinantes sociais de saúde e políticas públicas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-09-29) FILGUEIRAS, Ligia Amaral; SILVA, Hilton Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917171307194821
The Amazon represents over half of the tropical forests in the world and has the highest biodiversity in the world, but continues to suffer serious environmental problems due to the illegal exploitation of its resources. Human populations living in these areas are indigenous and non-indigenous, largely rural, with intense miscegenation between white settlers, the indigenous native population and Africans who came as slaves. They are small producers who depend on and deeply know the nature and its cycles and use relatively simple technology, little impact on the environment. These populations living in rural areas are considered made vulnerable, especially children. This study aimed to assess the health situation of children from three population groups of the Amazon residents National Forest Caxiuanã (PA), the Sustainable Development Reserve Mamirauá (AM) and seven Quilombo communities (Africa / Laranjituba, St. Anthony , hoses, Spring, Oriximiná, Trumpets and Abacatal - PA). 990 children were analyzed 0 to 9 years of age compared to WHO criteria from 2008 to 2015. It was found that children Caxiuanã are in deficit height / age (26.15%) and children Mamirauá (17.9%), while among the Maroons the most serious situation was in the Spring community (35.72%). The difference between them was significant (p = 0.018) and the Tukey test indicates that children Caxiuanã are worse off with regard to weight / age. In general, all communities lack environmental sanitation, running water, have substandard housing, including without bathroom or internal health, which influences the high levels of intestinal parasites, skin infections and other diseases. Access to health services is often difficult due to the distances between homes and health centers, as in most cases the transport is poor. The Amazon region is vast and difficult to manage, but if there is no serious improvements in public policies in all sectors, children in rural areas still remain distant from international growth parameters in the 21st century Therefore, it is necessary that best public health programs are developed to the Amazon region, which are reflected in better quality growth and health.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cultura, oralidade e língua Mẽbêngôkre sob o prisma de seus mitos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-16) FERREIRA, Dilma Costa; CAMARGO, Nayara da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4768996737873916
The present research sought to evidence in the myths Mẽbêngôkre, the intertwining between culture, language and orality, evoking themes such as memory, oral literature and history, through bibliographic research and approximation of the field carried out in some Mẽbêngôkre villages in southern Pará, specifically in the municipality of São Félix do Xingu. It was observed that the myths show, among others, historical and cultural aspects, when presenting the ways of life of the ancestors and their deeds, which provided the cultural formation of the Mẽbêngôkre, reflected today. The objective of this research was, through bibliographic survey, and participant observation, with data collection in the field, to dialogue with the existing data on Mẽbêngôkre myths, in order to understand the place of myth for these people. For the purposes that the present work proposes, four versions of a Mẽbêngôkre myth were compared, in order to provide a better understanding of the intertwining between myth, history and “culture”. The interlocutors of this study were eight people Mẽbêngôkre, among them, a woman. Being the versions of the myths presented here, narrated by three of these interlocutors. Research becomes relevant because it provides knowledge about the place of myths among the Mẽbêngôkre, reflecting on topics that permeate them, such as cultural formation, the importance of orality and memory and, as myth and history, they touch among amerindians. The present research sought to reflect the amerindian ways of life, based on the Mẽbêngôkre, in order to encourage the subversive character in the face of indigenous realities, in order to contribute significantly to them. The field incursion occurred through the research, initially of participant observation. The daily life of the indigenous peoples in their relations, between themselves and with the environment, were observed. The second moment consisted of field consolidation and data collection. The work is structured in four chapters and the theoretical basis was contributed by authors Louis-Jean Calvet (2002; 2011), Jack Goody (2012), Claude Lévi-Strauss (1991; 2018), Marshall Sahlins (1997), Viveiros de Castro (2017; 2018), Aryon Rodrigues (2000; 2001 and 2013) and others.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Da seringa à farinhada: produção e modo de vida na Reserva Extrativista Riozinho da Liberdade, Vale do Juruá – Acre
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-27) SOUSA, Tatiane Silva; O’DWYER, Eliane Cantarino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7254906067108841; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0523-188X
This work has as its objective to observe the dynamics of social relations networks in order to verify how people and groups build strategies to ensure the reproduction of their social, cultural and economic practices in communities localized in Extractive Reserve (RESEX) Riozinho da Liberdade, Alto Juruá, Acre. For such, I use the concept of social networks as method strategy and techniques such as observant participation in the communities Morro da Pedra and periquito. Photos, interviews, genealogies and keeping a field notebook were also techniques used. I initially address the historical and social intricacies that culminated in the formation of the Vale do Juruá’s rubber tapper settlements in the Juruá Valley, Acre, based on a brief historical overview of events that range from the first rubber cycle with the establishment of the rubber plantation (1870-1912), until its collapse, when there was an end to protectionist rubber policies and the advance of the border in the Acre Amazon at the end of the 20th century, a moment in which the political and economic interests of the Brazilian State towards the Amazon changed, which started to encourage its colonization and finance infrastructure projects that have come to threaten the way of life of people from traditional communities, a situation that has led to a series of local conflicts in Acre. At this time, the rubber tappers' social movement emerged as a form of resistance, which was initially organized and represented by the Rural Workers' Union (STR). Union stations in rubber tapper settlements, as well as Rubber Tapper’s National Council (CNS) and local associations, were founded during this time, which came to enhance their struggle. The rubber tapper’s social movement established alliances with indigenous peoples, the environmental movement, international organisms and other institutions, pressuring the Brazilian State to recognize their social and territorial rights to put an end to the system of trading outposts managed by landlords (barracões) and to create the RESEXs. At RESEX Riozinho da Liberdade, created in 2005 after another decade of struggle, the end of the extractive activity as the main source of income brought with it a period of changes. The rubber tappers began to dedicate themselves to agriculture, cultivating mainly manioc flour. Families migrate from settlements in the interior of the forest (colocações) and gather on the banks of the Riozinho da Liberdade, where public institutions began to operate in the 1990s, influencing the formation of communities that exist today on the banks of the river. It is observed that between the period of colocações and now there are structural continuities in the way in which domestic groups build their exchange and kinship relationships. Until today relationships of asymmetric trading (aviamento) occurs, but the immobilization of labor as was previously the case in the rubber plantations no longer occurs. The creation of RESEX assured territorial rights, but not new sources of income based on extractivism, which has been worked on by new associations, albeit in an incipient form. Local networks based on kinship, reciprocity, supply and assistance are important to guarantee production, marketing, food and assistance in times of difficulty. In this way, guaranteeing security, social and economic stability to domestic groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
De colonialismos e memórias sitiadas: história, antropofagia e tecnologia bélica nas guerras guianenses
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-09) BATISTA, Ramiro Esdras Carneiro; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2113-043X
This study consists in the exercise of documentation, translation and interpretation of the war narratives of four peoples who inhabit the Lower Oiapoque River. Through ethnographic, mnemonic and narrative methods, the text discusses the Colonization that furrows the History of the invasion of a territory of the peripheral Caribbean located in the Oiapoque River region. We assume that the possibilities for the production of Ethnic History, narrated in its own terms, are straightly associated to the knowledge and interpretation of the original memory. However, this is so only if we consider that the production of an Afro and Indigenous history presents itself, in many ways, as a history of impossibilities, and given the theoretical and methodological difficulties of the Social Sciences to deal with a past characterized by the absence of written records. In academic production, the exercise of reinterpretation and/or correction of collective memory based upon historiographical production is common, nevertheless, data obtained from this research give rise to an inverted question: can afro and indigenous memories help correct and/or complement the historiographical canons? On the pursuit for answering such a question, this study seeks to identify and translate recurring aspects in the memories of ethnically differentiated people marked by the advent of the Colony, where categories such as war, exercise of alterity, Inter-ethnic alliance and violation and subsequent recomposition of territorial rights seem to be part of a same dynamics. The hermeneutics of these four peoples´ war narratives converges in terms of their agreeing that the colonial invasion is one of the founding landmarks of Afro and indigenous historicity. In this sense, the interpretation highlights that the colonization carried out by different European peoples and agencies in the Guyana region - colonialisms that prevail in different ways in the present - constitutes an entangling thread that allows for not only recomposing, but also intertwining recent and past Memories and Histories of those peoples and narrators. Finally, such hermeneutics reveals how each ethnic group understands and represents hierarchies, alliances and dissonances inscribed in the neocolonial world.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desvendando significados: contextualizando a Coleção Etnográfica Xikrín do Cateté
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-02-15) DOMINGUES-LOPES, Rita de Cássia; BELTRÃO, Jane Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6647582671406048
The object of study is the Ethnographic Collection Xikrín do Cateté under the responsability of the Anthropology Laboratory “Arthur Napoleão Figueiredo” Technical Reserve at the Anthropology Department of the Federal University of Pará. The Collection Xikrín do Cateté is constituted by 144 artifacts, gathered by anthropologist Protásio Frikel (1912-1974) in the beginning of the 60s while carrying out field work among the Xikrín. The group is classified in the anthropological literature as sub-group Kayapó speaking a dialect of the Kayapó language from the Jê family which belongs to the linguistic line macro-Jê. They live on the river Cateté margin in the Parauapebas municipality, in Southern Pará. They currently live in two villages: the Cateté village that holds 600 people and the Djudjê-kô village with 240 people. They are separate from one another by 18 km. The collection is studied to allow the contextualization of the artifacts aiming at identifying their meanings and to acknowledge their potential contemporary use. In the trail of contextualization, I associate the Interpretative Anthropology and the Discourse Analysis tools with the data collected during field work carried out throughout the month of July 2000 and between february and april 2001 when visiting the Collection itself. The Collection has been classified based on Berta Ribeiro (1988) including plumary adornments and adornments made from several materials used by the Xikrín in their day-to-day life such as the Merêrêméi; there are also the weapons; the musical instruments; the ritual, magic and ludic objects; the straw wooven objects and other artifacts used for cooking, for domestic living and manual work tools as observed in the Reserve and the villages. The artifacts in the Collection are a reflection of some of the aspects of the Xikrín reality and identity aprehended generation after generation whom have considered values and concepts which constitue distinctive marks but also bring them close to other indigenous groups.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do tempo dos pretos d’antes aos povos do Aproaga: patrimônio arqueológico e territorialidade quilombola no vale do rio Capim (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-10-01) MORAES, Irislane Pereira de; MARQUES, Fernando Luiz Tavares; ALMEIDA, Marcia Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1085631337892211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0365104813041022
This master's dissertation were built from the dialogue between anthropology and archeology, seeking to understand the uses and meanings that archaeological heritage plays in the field of contemporary social relations, specifically, those built according to the logic of traditional peoples and communities. Understood as an ethnographic category, heritage allows a glimpse on the meanings of quilombolas communities from Taperinha, Nova Ipixuna, Sauá-Mirim, Benevides and Alegre Vamos, in São Domingos do Capim (State of Pará), draw around the archaeological site Aproaga. In the struggle for definitive titration of its territory the quilombolas define themselves as Peoples of Aproaga, in this context, cultural awareness enables the construction of collective identity. Around the historic ruins of the Greathouse of Sugar Plantation from the colonial age, the social memory about the time when the Blacks were slaves restores and strengthens the present cultural references and ethnic boundaries in consonance to the feeling of belonging to Aproaga. Thus, public archeology and ethnography allows us to understand the dynamics and social relations of the present and its fruitions with the past, the meanings of material culture as well, the ethnic dimensions which heritage might take in the context of territorial rights of communities descendants and / or origin. Whereas, the territoriality quilombola built by the People of Aproaga imply a critical way of thinking about heritage policies in Amazon, and more broadly the reflexivity of the research towards a decolonial science praxis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Doença como experiência: as relações entre vulnerabilidade social e corpo doente enquanto fenômeno biocultural no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-06-11) SILVA, Ariana Kelly Leandra Silva da; SILVA, Hilton Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917171307194821
This study examines the biosocial representation of individuals with Sickle Cell Anemia (SCA) in Pará State, Brazil, considering that this as a biocultural phenomenon, involving evolutionary, genetic, environmental, socioeconomic and cultural aspects of their daily life. The research deals with the sociability and the health issues of forty people with SCA, representing 10% of the States' cases, contacted in the Fundação Hemopa, Belém, the reference center for blood disorders in the State. The research encompasses their routine situation of social vulnerability, their perceptions of Health and Disease, treatments (Western and Folk Medicine), diagnostic, stigmas, prejudices, taboos and difficulties of access and accessibility to the services of SUS (the Brazilian National Health System). A comprehensive qualitative methodology and content analysis were used to understand the experience of persons who live daily with the instability and complexity of the disease. The personal experience of disease was uncovered though the formal conversations/interviews about the origins of the biological heritage, social relations, family entanglements and extra-familial dimensions of the individuals' in question, focusing on the evolution of SCA, especially considering the physical and psychological pain and other health complications experienced by the study's participants. The habitus in relation to their life ways is a category which includes the perception of the ethnic/racial nature of SCA, still perceived as "a disease that comes from the black people" with all its associated taboos. I conclude suggesting that many impacts of SCA are linked to the Social Determinants of Health and that there are important differences in relation to the susceptibilities of the persons, with many biosocial layers that require greater awareness by the political, clinical and primary care institutions responsible for the care of the affected citizens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A donde quiera que voy me acuerdo de la mata de moriche Prácticas de salud en la transitividad migratoria de indígenas warao en Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-10) MARTÍNEZ, Karla Pamela Reveles; SILVA, Hilton Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3917171307194821; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-3522
The presence of indigenous Warao in the Venezuelan migratory flow in Brazil has generated controversies regarding health care for this group. The therapeutic trajectories of people in migratory transit show different nuances in health care during migration phases. This research identifies search factors and access to health care practices of Warao families in the city of Belém, Pará, in the north of Brazil. Research was conducted through participant observation in social assistance activities and in activities of the Consultório na Rua (“mobile medical services”), and through the narrated experiences of people who prefer to live outside the shelters. This work shows that the health care provided by the mobile medical services, therapy with Warao shamans (Wisiratu and Joarotu), therapy with ensalmists, self-medication (use of pharmaceutical drugs and home remedies), the preference for the home birth, the rejection of medical procedures, and the search for adequate food are practices that are part of Warao health care in their migratory transitivity in Belém. However, this work identifies that labor exclusion, lack of access to information and guidance from health services, little interaction of Warao migrants with health centers (Basic Health Units), among others, are factors that also intervene in under use of health services. Some recommendations are provided to redirect Warao access to the health services of the municipality. In addition, research highlighted that the permanence in Belém and the possible return to lands with extractivist processes are phases of the migratory trajectory that should continue to be discussed with respect to the irruption of the right to health as a common good for this indigenous people and their lives who were forced into displacement and marginalization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecos de um Theatro Assombrado : um estudo de caso sobre as relações entre materialidade, visagens e o Theatro da Paz, Belém (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-30) BARBOSA, Gabriel Rodrigues; MATOS, Beatriz de Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5130782589745088
This dissertation, structured in three acts, explores the relationships between materiality and visages in the amazonian imaginary. It delves into the topic through the case study of the narratives shared by the workers of the Theatro da Paz, located in Praça da República, Belém, in the state of Pará, Brazil. The Act I: Amazonian Visages aims to conceptualize the word Visage throughout a discussion about the territorialization of the environment into the imaginary, which influences the spatial and social distances observed between Saints, Visages and Enchanted. Those distances are themselves intertwined with the social-spatial categories of Center, Margin and Deep. The Act II: Theaters focuses on the History of Theatro da Paz to explore the social role that theaters played in Amazonian colonization strategies and the economical, social, and environmental changes incurred in Belém throughout the second half of the XIX century. Those factors are partially responsible for the physical traits currently embodied by the Theatro da Paz. Finally, Act III: Senses and Things brings together these discussions to answers questions about the role visages have between the workers’ relationship with the Theatro da Paz; of impacts of physical characteristics and operational hours in the emergence of visages; the role of ordinary material things in narratives about visages; and how these aspects entangle themselves into mastery-type relationships that strengthen social bonds between all involved subjects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Educação escolar indígena no Oiapoque/AP: práticas pedagógicas em escola do povo Karipuna
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-24) SANTOS, Karina dos; SANTOS , Júlia Otero dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8964630349505642
This study presents an approach to the policies and practices of school education among the Karipuna people in the Indigenous territories located in the municipality of Oiapoque-AP. The emphasis is on highlighting the role of the Karipuna Indigenous people in organizing educational policies and projects from the school as a tool of domination and assimilation to the school as a space for cultural empowerment and an integral part of the community’s educational system and life plan both within and beyond the territory. It includes a brief overview of the historical introduction of school education among the Karipuna, their collective struggles and advocacy for new meanings and transformations in schooling to better serve the people’s lives, with focus on major demands, challenges, and contradictions in implementing what is guaranteed by specific Indigenous education legislation. Initially a colonial tool for erasing ancestral cultures, the school has now also become a space for affirming and valuing the people's cultural and linguistic diversity. One of the objectives was to examine the policies, actions, and schooling models currently being practiced in Indigenous schools. The study explored some pedagogical practices by Karipuna teachers, observing how Indigenous knowledge and practices engage in dialogue with formal education, as well as how differentiated and intercultural processes contribute to building school curricula grounded in the community’s reality, experiences, and way of life.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Égua”, é a hora do intervalo na tv: marcadores sociais da diferença, consumidores/as e publicidade produzida em Belém do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-18) OLIVEIRA, Robson Cardoso de; CANCELA, Cristina Donza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393402118322730
This dissertation is "born" with a mission: to investigate on the receipt of social markers of the difference between the advertising consumers produced in the city of Belém, Pará, in order to observe how the categories of Gender and Sexuality are received and (re) signified at the moment we watch the interval time in TV. However, other social markers of difference as Class, Color/Race and Generation were added by consumers in conversations, and consequently were problematized in this study. In addition, discussions about advertising and consumption also gained prominence as a consequence of the very strength of the consumers’ speeches. As a result, I realized that social markers of difference were being operated in the narratives in an intersected (or articulated) mode, among these, the most active in this tangency were the Gender, Color/Race and Class categories, comprised by speeches as: black and poor male; and white and rich woman. The "game" between the real and the "magical" world of ads (Rocha 1990), also commented out by consumers, viewing the advertising much closer to real idealizations, instead of showing the realities at the interval time in TV.