Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental (Mestrado Profissional) - PPGESA/ITEC

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/16530

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Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 28

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da perda de arrecadação pela não prestação do serviço de abastecimento público de água em edifícios residenciais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-26) RODRIGUES, Liane Cristina Chagas; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
The service provider asks for billing when the residential building uses its own water supply system. Thus, the objective of the work is to quantify the revenue losses (R$) that the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA) suffers for not supplying the 24 residential buildings located in the area in the third sector, located in the municipality of Belém in the State of Pará. A document consultation was carried out on the volumes of water consumed and billed in 25 residential buildings with water supply from the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA) to then estimate the values (volume and possible billing in reais) in residential buildings that use own source of water supply in the area of Cosanpa’s third water supply sector. The data collection source was entirely from the integrated sanitation service management system (Gsan). The Research was developed in three stages. The first stage consisted of identifying the residential buildings that use Cosanpa’s water and identifying the residential buildings that do not use Cosanpa’s water. The second stage consisted of collecting and systematizing water consumption information for the two groups of selected buildings (buildings supplied by COSANPA and buildings supplied with their own system). The third and last consisted of the comparative analysis of noncollection (monetary R$) in residential buildings not supplied with water by COSANPA, based on the premise of collection of residential buildings served by the Pará Sanitation Company (COSANPA). It was verified that the company failed to collect BRL 3,142,281.65 (three million, one hundred and forty-two thousand, two hundred and eighty-one reais and sixty-five cents) in five years, which represents 45.97% of the amount collected by the buildings supplied by the company
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de cargas poluidoras de nutrientes em canais urbanos de macrodrenagem no município de Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-28) BORGES, Erika Joana Nabiça; COELHO, André Luiz da Silva Salgado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853586340257273
With the expansion and population growth of the municipality of Belém/PA, areas with little or almost no sanitation infrastructure were developed, since as it grew, it circumvented water accidents instead of sanitizing them, resulting in large investments in works of macrodrainage currently, in peripheral areas. This work sought to evaluate the degree of pollution caused by polluting loads of nutrients in the 03 (three) macrodrainage channels, being Quintino Bocaiúva, Timbiras and Caripunas, belonging to BHEN, whose contribution flows into the main source of public supply in the municipality. For this, the work carried out the calculation of polluting loads of nutrients, analyzing NTK, ammoniacal-N, organic-N, Nitrate (NO3) and Total Phosphorus, in 5 qualitative campaigns, in addition to having carried out a bathymetric survey in 3 campaigns, considering the rainy and less rainy period. Initially, the flow results were presented, which after simulation it was verified that the highest flow is related to the Quintino channel, which was to be expected due to its greater contribution area. The correlation between nutrients and physical variables of temperature, OD and pH of the water was also verified. Thus, it was found that despite being small in most cases, there is a correlation between those mentioned. In addition, the concentration of the parameters was analyzed separately, based on the results of the laboratory analysis, in which the forms of nitrogen and phosphorus exceeded the limits recommended in the legislation, also expected due to the high contribution of the subbasins, in addition to there being no treatment efficient domestic sewage system in this area. Finally, the polluting load values were analyzed based on the relationship between flow and concentration, resulting in high values of load released into the receiving body, characterizing a scenario of extreme water degradation. Still, with this relationship it was possible to estimate the population that would be contributing to this scenario, whose numerical values were also quite high and not consistent with the reality in the area. Therefore, through these results, it is possible to affirm that they may be harmful to the waters of the canals, where a significant degradation of the quality of the waters is expected, which will follow to the Guamá river, and consequently, will reach the population that directly or indirectly have contact with these bodies of water
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação de parâmetros da qualidade do ar em um município amazônico do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-21) ROSÁRIO, Abimael Silva do; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
This study evaluated the air quality in Barcarena, Pará, Brazil, throughout 2023, focusing on monitoring particulate matter concentrations (PM2.5, PM10, and TSP) at two points (P01 and P02) near an industrial complex with activities such as ore beneficiation and shipment, agricultural fertilizer storage and bagging, and grain shipment. These points were strategically chosen due to their location within the influence zone of various enterprises and the prevailing wind direction in the region. Samples were collected using High-Volume Samplers (HVS) over 24-hour periods, following guidelines from the Air Quality Technical Guide and CONAMA Resolution No. 491/2018. Collected data underwent descriptive and multivariate statistical analysis using Minitab Statistical software to determine PM2.5, PM10, and TSP concentrations and calculate the Air Quality Index (AQI). Results showed PM2.5, PM10, and TSP concentrations complied with the intermediate standards (PI-1) of CONAMA Resolution No. 491/2018 and the stricter limits of CONAMA Resolution No. 506/2024. The AQI for PM2.5 and PM10 was classified as "N1 - Good" throughout the study period, indicating no harmful effects on human health. Additionally, the study conducted a cost analysis of air quality monitoring campaigns, considering supplies, labor, and equipment, using ORÇAFASCIO software for budget development. This study contributes to air quality monitoring in areas with intense industrial activity, providing relevant data for environmental management and public health. Furthermore, the cost analysis offers valuable insights for planning and decision-making in similar projects.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização da fase aquosa e bio-óleo produzidos na pirólise das sementes e fibrasde açaí (Euterpe Oleracea Mart.)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-24) SOUSA, Erick Monteiro de; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065; MACHADO, Nélio Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698208558551065
Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) is a native fruit of the Amazon, and its production chain is centered in the state of Pará. The processing of açaí fruits generates large amounts of solid waste, which can pose serious risks to the environment if not used and managed properly. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that until this moment, no research had been reported in the literature on the pyrolysis of açaí fibers and the chemical composition of the aqueous phase, making possible a broad set of applications including biogas production. The present research proposes a study of the pyrolysis of açaí seeds and fibers and the physicochemical and compositional characterization of the aqueous phase products. In this way, açaí processing residues were collected in the city of Belém, PA. The seeds and fibers were dried and impregnated with NaOH solutions, and subsequently subjected to pyrolysis on a laboratory scale. The liquid products from pyrolysis were characterized through acidity index analysis, FT-IR, and gas chromatography. The increase in the concentration of the impregnating agent led to an increase in bio-oil yield from both the seeds (ranging from 3.3% to 6.6%) and the fibers (ranging from 1.2% to 3.7%). The yield in the aqueous phase showed an inverse behavior, decreasing as the concentration of NaOH increased, both in the seeds (ranging from 41% to 37.5%) and the fibers (ranging from 33.7% to 21.2%). High acidity levels were found in the liquid products studied, which decreased as the concentration of the impregnating agent increased. The increase in the concentration of the impregnating agent (NaOH) influenced the chemical composition of the obtained liquid products, leading to a decrease in oxygenated compounds and an increase in nitrogenous compounds in both experimental matrices, which was also evidenced by the reduction in acidity
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização física, balanço de massa e avaliação de critérios de projeto da unidade de decantação da estação de tratamento de efluentes de refinaria de alumina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-04) OLIVEIRA, Elaine Cristina dos Santos Cunha de; ALVES, Rui Guilherme Cavaleiro de Macêdo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1902384822911246
The research aimed to evaluate the physical aspects of the liquid phase and the solid phase, as well as to evaluate the performance of the decanters of an ETEI, located in Barcarena, through the mass balance and comparison of the TAH and the solids application rate (TAS). with project references and standards. Two of the four lines of ETEI decanters under study were monitored, on two consecutive days samples were collected from the liquid phase at the inlet and outlet, and from the solid phase, the ETEI sludge. The analyzes were carried out at the Laboratory of the Federal University of Pará (LAESA), together with the solids analyses, flow data was consulted using online monitoring instruments, as well as project data in technical files and a survey of normative and bibliographical references. With the results obtained, it was possible to conclude that the concentration of total solids is higher in Decanter 82E when compared to Decanter 82C. The result of the solids analysis also made it possible to evaluate the higher percentage in the portion of fixed suspended solids, that is, indicating a higher inorganic load characteristic. Regarding the mass balance, a generation of solids inside the decanters is observed due to the fact inherent to the process which refers to the presence of caustic soda in the raw effluent, aligned with the neutralization reaction that occurs in the medium through the use of sulfuric acid, forming sodium sulfate as a by-product of the treatment process, therefore this increase in solids is expressed in terms of dissolved solids. Regarding the assessment of the TAH observed in the monitored data, it was higher than the minimum indicated by Metcalf & Eddy (1991), but it remained in line with the design reference, compatible with the behavior of flows at low load. And in this same comparative logic, the TAS evaluation remained in both decanter 82C and 82E at a rate lower than the minimum indicated by Metcalf & Eddy (1991)
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização fisico-quimica de lixiviado bruto e tratado por osmose reversa de aterro sanitário no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-27) PEREIRA, Filipe Castro; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
The effluent generated inside landfills is called leachate. The characterization of the leachate generated in landfills is important to indicate its polluting potential and enable the application of techniques for its treatment. Thus, this work aims to characterize quantitatively and qualitatively the leachate from landfills located in the state of Pará. In addition, it aims to calculate the value of IPL for this leachate in order to know its potential contamination by comparing the results with those obtained by other authors. To this end, the work was divided into three phases, where the first was about the quantitative evaluation of the leachate, the second corresponded to the qualitative evaluation and the third is related to the calculation of the polluting potential of the leachate. The quantitative characterization had as a result a strong connection of the leachate input flow with rainfall, where it was noted an increase in flow when comparing the year 2018 with the year 2019, explained by the expansion of the landfill and the increase in the capacity of theLeachate Treatment Plant (LTP). The qualitative characterization showed a leachate with high organic matter contents and high fouling potential. The results of the third phase pointed out that the IPL methodology is not suitable for Brazilian leachates, being the Index of Deactivated Landfill (IDL) a more appropriate index for it. Thus, it is concluded that the leachate from Marituba landfill has a high complexity and should go through advanced treatment processes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinação de custo de referência para elaboração de projetos e obras de rede coletora de esgoto sanitário
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-01-26) COSTA, Magaly Santos Pinheiro; PEREIRA, José Almir Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9918600634569244
With the unavailability of financial resources and the high cost of implementing conventional sanitary sewage systems of the absolute separator type, regions with disorderly occupation and, often, subject to unfavorable topographical situations, end up not being contemplated with basic sanitary sewage services. Complementarily, this issue is accentuated by the lack of local references regarding the costs of implementing sanitary sewage collection networks in Pará, as well as parameters for the conception and elaboration of projects in the state context. In this sense, it is necessary that the typology of the sewage network to be implemented in each location be carefully planned, bearing in mind the particularities of each area, as well as the technical criteria to be adopted in the project. Considering the problem addressed, the objective of the present research was to establish values, expressed in R$/m of COSANPA's sanitary sewage collection network project, for analysis and identification of the budget worksheet items referring to the collection network and household connections, being updated the costs in the spreadsheet for the base date October 2022. In the first stage, the projects and works of the sewage collection network were surveyed in the COSANPA and SEDOP database, from this survey, the projects were selected for the preparation of the Technical Sheet, containing the main information on the sanitary sewage system. In the second stage, from the budgets of each project, the construction values practiced in projects and works of sanitary sewage collection network under the management of COSANPA and SEDOP were identified, then the budgets were analyzed and the values for the same were updated. base date (October 2022), using the National Civil Construction Index – INCC of the Getúlio Vargas Foundation – FGV. In the third stage, the values of the sewage collection network of each project were compared. In the fourth stage, a range of values for the construction of a sewage collection network was presented, expressed in R$/meter of network. This range of costs will make it possible to determine a regional reference indicator regarding the implementation cost per meter of the sanitary sewage collection network, allowing its application in studies, reports and regional projects for the collection network; contributing with Specialized Consultancies, with Higher Education Institutions and with the Public Power, with actions that culminate in the increase of sewage coverage in the Metropolitan Region of Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico da disponibilidade hídrica superficial da bacia hidrográfica rio Capim - BHRC: como ferramenta de suporte à decisão para outorga de recursos hídricos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-05) SILVA, Irlane Quaresma da; TEIXEIRA, Luiza Carla Girard Mendes; 9773700229115395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0204-6825
The dissertation addresses the need to monitor the quantitative water balance in the Rio Capim Watershed (BHRC), Pará, Brazil, due to the variability of precipitation throughout the year and water scarcity in some areas during dry periods. The general objective is to determine the water availability of BHRC based on the regularization of water users (issued and active water permits) as a subsidy for water resource management efficiency. To achieve this objective, the study was conducted in five stages: literature review, data collection of granted water interferences, organization of vector data for ottobasins and surface water availability from the Ottocodified Hydrographic Database of Pará (BHO/PA), data processing, and quantitative water balance assessment. Results revealed that certain municipalities have significantly more granted water permits than others, such as Paragominas (29.5%), Dom Eliseu (25%), and Ipixuna do Pará (17.5%), totaling 72% of all issued permits. Surface water in BHRC is utilized for various purposes, with irrigation being predominant, accounting for 79% of the total captured volume. Other significant uses include mineral extraction and industrial purposes, totaling 18% of the captured volume. It was identified that 180 ottobasins are directly impacted by granted water withdrawals, while 3,081 ottobasins are indirectly impacted downstream, totaling 3,181 impacted ottobasins throughout the watershed. The Surubiju River and its tributaries show the highest impact, with 89 directly impacted segments and a withdrawal flow of 206,355.73 cubic meters per day. These findings underscore the need for continuous and detailed monitoring to ensure water resource sustainability in BHRC and serve as a critical tool for decision-making in water resource allocation in Pará State.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Elaboração de banco de dados das ETE’s de esgoto sanitário na região metropolitana de Belém para fins de planejamento e operação envolvendo fase líquida, sólida e gasosa
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-29) ASSUNÇÃO, Maurilo André da Cunha; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
The present technical work consisted in the elaboration of a data bank of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP's) of the metropolitan region of Belém (RMB) for planning and operation purposes involving the liquid, solid and gaseous phases, for the removal of carbonaceous matter. Such a study covers only the municipalities of Ananindeua, Belém and Marituba, which in 2019 have sanitary sewage systems (SES) of the centralized (SES-C33.35%) and decentralized (SES-D5.45%) types involving 23 WWTP's and whose experimental stages of this work are: 1) photographic record of the area occupied by the ETE's; 2) systematization of the basic information of the WWTP's; 3) quantification of the generation of solid by-product of the preliminary treatment; 4) balance of organic loads in UASB reactors; 5) quantification of production and sanitation of sludge in UASB reactors; 6) Potential quantification of electric power generation (EE) and methane emission from UASB reactors. Likewise, among the main results obtained in this work, it was obtained that the spatial distribution was 5.0 WWTP's (21.74%) in Ananindeua, 17 WWTP's (73.91%) in Belém, and 1.0 WWTP's (4, 35%) in Marituba, which is treating the project's average volume of 1,089 L/s (PE of 765,783 inhabitants) will generate in preliminary treatment about 840.17 kgSSG/d, 3548.2 kgareia/d and 29.53 kgscuma / day, and that when the UASB retors have an average efficiency of 65% and will operate with a total organic load of 4,193 kgCOD/d, they will produce 572.8 kgsludge/d with the potential to sanitize 3,062 kgbiosolids/d by alcaline stabilization, tending to this situation of treatment to the generation of available chemical energy and methane emission two UASB reactors, respectively, of 584.33 kWh/d of EQD and 387.67 TCO2/d through the normalized production of total methane of 59 Nm3 /d PNCH4 , being verified that the WWTP's of SESC in comparison with the WWTP's of SES-D are are the ones with the greatest possibility of using this energy as a source of heat.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo comparativo entre metodologias de dimensionamento de sistemas prediais de água fria de um hospital localizado em Belém do Pará, de acordo com a atualização da nbr 5626
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-03-30) MACHADO, Cláudia Letícia da Silva; SANTOS, Aline Christian Pimentel Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1388841813412015; ADAM, Katiucia Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2498018628901734
The hydraulic installations must be designed and built in such a way as to ensure the uninterrupted supply of water, in sufficient quantity, at adequate pressures and speeds, under appropriate conditions for the development of human activities and for human consumption, ensuring comfort to users including the reduction of noise levels in pipes. These conditions are met from the technical standards that determine hydraulic parameters and calculation methods to be followed by designers, who take into account a theoretical study of pipe and connection sizing that, in practice, due to water consumption and practical operation, ended up causing the adequacy of manufacturers of sanitary appliances, development of more efficient technologies. Through laboratory tests, many manufacturers began to provide essential technical information for the development of more assertive projects, such as the actual water consumption of the appliances, especially the characteristic curves of flow as a function of pressure, fundamental for use in the design of water systems and for the development of new methods, in order to consider the variable flow in the points of consumption. Tied to this new scenario the updating of technical standards among them the NBR 5626, which expands the possibility of using specific data of manufacturers and sizing of facilities. In this context, the present work proposed a comparative study of the sizing methodologies of the hydraulic installations of cold water installed in a hospital located in Belém do Pará, according to the update of NBR 5626/2020 building systems of cold water and hot water - design, execution, operation and maintenance that cancels and replaces NBR 5626/1998 cold water building facilities. Thus, the research was divided into step (1) bibliographic research, presentation of the study area and data collection, step (2) dimensioning of the cold water system considering nbr 5626/98, step (3): sizing of the cold water system considering NBR 5626/20 and step (4) analysis of the results. In general, with this case study, a practical approach was obtained to apply the updated parameters of the NBR 5626/2020 regulation in relation to NBR 5626/1998, presenting flow values, determined by the specific information of each sanitary piece, where we had an increase in this parameter, as to the diameter we had in most of the preumadas the decrease directly interfering in the load loss that increased and how much available pressure a decrease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo de viabilidade econômica da implantação de leito de secagem para tratamento de efluentes sanitários gerados em uma mineradora no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-28) FERREIRA, Cleyton Eduardo Costa; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Waste management is one of the main challenges of modern society, especially when it comes to finding more sustainable and economical alternatives for the treatment and disposal of these materials. In this context, biosolids, a byproduct generated from wastewater treatment, have been identified as a possible source of nutrients and organic matter for agriculture and other sectors, thus contributing to a more circular economy. Biosolids contain a large amount of nutrients that can be used to improve soil quality and increase agricultural productivity (OLIVEIRA et al., 2018). In addition, the use of biosolids as fertilizer can reduce the need for chemical inputs, contributing to the reduction of the environmental impact associated with final disposal (RIBEIRO et al., 2015). This study was conducted in a mining company in the state of Pará, Brazil, which has eight decentralized anaerobic wastewater treatment plants. The study aimed to define the treatment route for biosolids, as well as to evaluate the economic viability of implementing a drying bed for the production of biosolids to be applied in the restoration of degraded areas. It was found that 11,776 kg of total suspended solids (TSS) per year of sludge are generated, resulting in the design of a drying bed with three cells, each with 22 m², an operation cycle of 25 days, and a Surface Application Rate of 13.30 Kg TSS/m²xdia. For sanitization, CaO was chosen. The implementation cost of the drying bed was R$ 100,358.70, operational costs were R$ 2,059.62/month, and the solution via incineration was R$ 18,415.80/month. Based on the simple and discounted payback, the investment returns in approximately 7.14 and 7.19 months, respectively, and is part of the synergistic costs with the current sanitation management. The other indicators point to the investment as viable and capable of financial surplus. Therefore, the company will have financial and environmental gains with the implementation of the project.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo gravimétrico de resíduos dos grandes geradores supermercadista; atacadista, hotelaria e restaurantes na região metropolitana de Belém - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-02-27) FRANÇA NETO, Raymundo da Costa; NORAT, Maria de Valdivia Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1628995172582591
This study addresses physical characteristics of gravimetry, presenting as a context the characteristic condition of waste for better use of recyclable waste for recycling, with organic solid waste digestible through technologies that can be better used. The main objective of the study is to identify, through gravimetric data, the possible technical relevance for the waste generated by large generators in the metropolitan region of Belém, for a better use of waste. In this way, it will have a contribution to increase the useful life of the sanitary landfill located in the area under study. The importance of gravimetric data for the survival of sanitary landfills is because it is an important tool in terms of the Solid Waste Management Plan, allowing the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data from the gravimetry of large generators, allowing to present the difficulties and possibilities to implement a disposal system with better use of waste and to identify which are the major generators of solid waste in the current situation in the Metropolitan Region of Belém. The development of this research was divided by primary and secondary data; data analysis for the purpose of results regarding the study of gravimetry, descriptive statistics were analyzed; gravimetric analysis by graph; analysis of the gravimetric composition of RS through boxplot graphs; KruskallWallis test – GG; and literary study for foundation. The results of the survey show that the amount of digestible organic matter, as the highest power in the waste, is around 80.9%, confirming that the organic waste from large generators is completely avoidable for disposal in landfills, and should be directed to treatments with technology sustainable production of energy or compounds, leading to relevant reflections on waste to propose composting techniques, generating waste inputs for agriculture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Laboratório virtual de bombas hidráulicas para aprendizado de hidráulica aplicada ao saneamento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-07) SANTOS, Yara Cristiane Fonseca; SENA, Manoel José dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2349287816857909
The curves that characterize the behavior of a pumping system are usually studied in physical laboratories. However, there are limitations regarding the parameters that are usually varied in such conditions. The use of virtual laboratories can expand the experiments conducted in physical laboratories in such a way that a better understanding of the effect of varying the parameters can occur. Examples of such parameters include length, pipe diameter, pipe material roughness, fluid viscosity, and the height difference between the lower and upper tanks. In this paper, the development of a responsive design virtual laboratory for a pumping system is described. This virtual laboratory can be used on PC computers, tablets, or smartphones due to its responsive graphical user interface. The equations used to simulate the behavior of the laboratory are the conservation equations, considering the equality between the manometric head provided by the pump and the pressure drop observed in the system. To account for pressure drops, the Darcy-Weisbach equations are used, with friction coefficients defined from the Colebrooke-White equations. The conservation equations are then solved numerically using the bisection method. The results are displayed graphically in the virtual laboratory. These results are the pump head, pressure losses, efficiency and driving power. All of them are as a function of the flow rate. The operating point is calculated and presented graphically. The variables are changed using sliders. The laboratory was tested with students of a Civil Engineering course. The results of a survey conducted with these students showed the effectiveness of the laboratory in promoting a greater understanding of the concepts studied. Most of the survey participants stated that they had greater knowledge of the pump curve, the system pressure loss curve, the pump efficiency curve and the pump driving power curve. This showed the usefulness of plotting these quantities as a function of the flow rate. A greater understanding of the influence of parameter variations was also perceived by the analysis of the survey results. In addition, the tests indicate directions for future developments
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem de Informação da Construção (BIM) para Proposição de Alternativas de Tratamento de lixiviado
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-03-19) SILVA, Rafael Haruo Yoshida; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
The treatment of municipal solid waste leachate involves significant technical complexity due to its highly diverse composition, which is concentrated in organic, inorganic, and emerging contaminants, demanding a high level of engineering design. In this context, the use of facilitating tools such as Building Information Modelling (BIM) in the conception, execution, and management phases of these projects becomes essential for optimizing the time and resources required for each related stage. This is supported by Decree-Law No. 10,306 of April 2, 2020, and Law No. 14,133 of April 1, 2021. Given the need for adapting engineering projects to BIM and the environmentally adequate management of leachate generated in sanitary landfills, this dissertation aims to apply the BIM concept in the development of leachate treatment alternatives, exploring two treatment arrangements: alternative 01 for the low-load scenario and alternative 02 for the high-load scenario. The results obtained from the application of BIM in the design of the two leachate treatment alternatives were: (I) quantities of pipes, connections, hydraulic equipment, and treatment units; (II) verification of the number of inconsistencies in the two models; and (III) graphical pieces and images of the models. The quantity of alternative 02 exceeded alternative 01 by 100% in most of the items analyzed, except for the pipes, due to the complexity of alternative 02 and the scenario it pertains to (high load), thus requiring a greater allocation of resources. Regarding the inconsistencies observed in both models, a total of 64 inconsistencies between pipes, connections, and special valves were identified and corrected. As a result of the modeling, 70 graphical pieces, 10 quantity tables, and 8 rendered 3D images were generated. Regarding the evaluation of the leachate treatment alternatives 01 and 02 through the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method, indices of 0,94 and 0,74 was obtained, respectively. These values highlight the difference between the two scenarios (high load and low load) and the need for greater infrastructure and more significant resources in the expansion of the leachate treatment plant for alternative 02. By comparing the treated effluent discharge standards from CONAMA 430/2011 with international standards for treated leachate discharge, it was observed that Japan, Australia, France and United States of America were the countries most similar to Brazil, presenting similar regulated parameter values of 52.63%, 42.11%, 42.11% and 42.11 respectively. However, many of these parameters have different maximum allowable values when compared to those in Brazil, emphasizing the need for the requalification of current regulations and resolutions. Considering all the results obtained in this dissertation, the application of BIM in engineering projects proves to be a promising approach for optimizing time and resources in the conception, execution, and management of projects, although still in early stages in Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Monitoramento da qualidade da água de consumo humano em Belém-PA/: uso de dashboards visando aprimorar a gestão municipal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-27) NASCIMENTO JÚNIOR, Lourival Maurício; COELHO, André Luiz da Silva Salgado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0853586340257273
The present study aims to monitor water for human consumption in the Municipality of Belém/PA through dashboards, which are visual panels where relevant information is condensed and presented to facilitate data analysis. The idea of the work is to develop a strategic tool for monitoring the quality of water for human consumption for the Municipality of Belém/PA that is dynamic and interactive, considering data from the Water Quality Surveillance Information System (SISAGUA). The methodology used consisted of 3 distinct stages. In stage 1, monitoring data were extracted from the SISAGUA system, referring to the variables residual free chlorine, turbidity, total coliforms and Escherichia Coli, registered between the years 2018 and 2023. In stage 2, with the data extracted in Excel spreadsheet format, The physical-chemical index (IFQ) for turbidity and free residual chlorine was determined, with the aim of evaluating whether the water meets the maximum permitted values. For the variables Total Coliforms and Escherichia Coli, whose laboratory results are presence or absence, the bacteriological index (BI) was calculated to assess whether the water meets the bacteriological standard for potability. In stage 3, dashboards were created to assist in monitoring water for human consumption, using the Microsoft Excel program, through which it is possible to observe and make comparisons with current potability criteria. For the water supply system (SAA), 3,518 samples were extracted, and for collective alternative solutions (SAC), 785 samples were extracted. The designation of these forms of supply as SAA or SAC is the responsibility of Environmental Surveillance when entering the data into SISAGUA, according to the criteria established in the potability ordinance. The results at the station outlet showed that the IFQ for free residual chlorine ranged from 34.02% to 66.67%, while in the distribution network it ranged from 18.40% to 35.60%, both below the ideal IFQ of 100%. The results at the station outlet showed that the IFQ for turbidity ranged from 82.86% to 100%, while in the distribution network it ranged from 92.96% to 95.06%. The results at the station exit showed that the BI for Escherichia coli ranged from 86.05% to 96.67%, while in the distribution network it ranged from 86.10% to 90.54%, values below the ideal BI of 100%. There were worrying non conformities in relation to residual free chlorine and Escherichia coli, as these are important indicators of the sanitary quality of the water. This demonstrates the advantage of using a dashboard compared to traditional reports. The use of this tool by the Health and Environmental Surveillance of the Municipality of Belém/PA can positively contribute as an instrument to support municipal management, facilitating decision-making and monitoring water for human consumption.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plataforma de monitoramento da qualidade das águas residuárias no município de Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-14) SARAIVA, Danielle Pinto; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Large cities, such as Belém in Pará, require effective control for the monitoring of wastewater, as it can compromise the quality of urban water. A significant portion of these wastewaters is discharged into surface water bodies and could potentially be reused by riverside communities. In this context, utilizing the principles of Industry 4.0 to promote sustainability, cost reduction, and social responsibility, this study aimed to develop the E-Quality platform. This platform serves as a tool for controlling analytical results according to predefined parameters, with the purpose of enhancing environmental monitoring. The digital platform collects existing data, filters and generates graphs for optimized evaluation, examines temporal series, and produces reports on pollutant loads. These reports include data, graphs, and text editing for presentation in printed documents. The study employed sampling data from the year 2015 collected at the Vila da Barca Treatment Plant, provided by UFPA - Federal University of the State of Pará. This real data was used to assess the platform's application, analytically verifying its results for efficiency in removal by the treatment plant, emission values of pollutant loads per ton discharged into the receiving water body throughout the year, and comparisons between Total Nitrogen and Ammonia, BOD and COD, BOD and Phosphorus. Following the evaluation of the stored historical data, the platform's quality filter was utilized. This feature identifies results that deviate from the CONAMA 430 standard and those that do not meet requirements, such as sample storage time or values that exceed predefined limits, as seen in the case of Total Nitrogen and Ammonia data input. From the existing results, it was evident that the platform facilitates data monitoring, control, and management, thereby reducing costs and enhancing data security. As everything generated and added to the platform is stored in the cloud, it provides control over gross errors that could originate from users or collection and analysis procedures. The realtime evaluation of all results, as exemplified by the analysis of data from the Vila da Barca Treatment Plant in Belém, demonstrates the platform's effectiveness in wastewater monitoring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Plataforma de monitoramento da qualidade de águas superficiais: estudo de caso dos portos de Belém e Barcarena/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-15) CORRÊA, Ítalo Machado; MENDONÇA, Neyson Martins; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593
Water is the essential input for life and various human activities. With the advent of the Industrial Revolution, it brought numerous benefits to humanity; however, it also incurred costs, such as water pollution. One of the tools to curb water contamination is environmental management based on water quality monitoring, guided by laws and environmental indicators. To control and track data for water quality monitoring, the principles of Industry 4.0, considered the fourth industrial revolution, have been applied in recent years. The emergence of these technologies dedicated to water monitoring brings benefits to managers and decision-makers, aiding in the assessment of water resource quality. This allows for a more efficient and reliable approach to collected information. In light of this, this study developed a digital platform for monitoring and diagnosing data related to the environmental control of surface waters. The goal was to address the vast amount of data derived from large cities like Belém and Barcarena. To evaluate the functionality of the tool, areas synonymous with economic and social growth -ports - were chosen in these cities. The platform was created using JavaScript for the web system, and cloud storage utilized the Azure backend and Netlify frontend. The E-quality platform aims to fill the gap in information storage, providing monitoring results in an easy and dynamic manner. By evaluating the behavior of results over months and years through historical data, calculating environmental indices such as IQA and IET from the existing database, the platform assesses and filters gross errors, such as date errors, quantification limits, and assay expiration dates. It also compares the results with relevant legislation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Práticas e ações de sustentabilidade com intervenção pedagógica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-06) MIRANDA, Françoise Helouise Costa de; PENNER, Giovanni Chaves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3110276957027781
There is a worldwide concern regarding climate change, and in order to find a response to thisthreat, several agreements and conferences are being held around the world. The motivation for the project comes from the difficulty that basic education faces in planning sustainable practices and actions in the school environment. In view of this, we thought of providing solutions so that the proposals could be developed by a public elementary school in the city of Belém-Pará, given that this educational system plays an important role in the dissemination of information and innovation. Therefore, we decided to work in 3 stages within the project developed by the school entitled “Schools of Knowledge and Actions for Sustainability”, to recognize the area, analyze the project proposed by the school, search for existing projects, and establish technical partnerships with the objective of raising awareness in the school community about the responsible use of natural resources, such as reducing energy consumption, water consumption, and creating healthier environments for the school community and consequently for the surrounding population. Based on the visits, meetings held with teachers, school management and observation of the infrastructure characteristics, sustainable actions and practices of the aforementioned project were initiated, as well as the use and adaptations of the methodology of the Environmental Agenda in Public Administration - A3P made available by the Ministry of the Environment were proposed, which did not happen because the school management was unable to involve and encourage teachers in the activities that were carried out with the students, resulting in the interruption of the actions.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Prestação dos serviços públicos de limpeza urbana e manejo de resíduos sólidos e drenagem e manejo das águas pluviais urbanas: proposta de atos normativos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-10-07) ANDRADE, Marcello Ádamis; TAVARES, Antonio de Noronha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5212600085310483; BITTENCOURT, Germana Menescal; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2304409840440309
Federal Law n° 11.445/2007 defined important aspects regarding the regulation of the provision of public sanitation services, including regulation and inspection. In this sense, the regulatory agencies, in compliance with the ANA guidelines, must issue rules relating to the technical dimensions of the provision of public sanitation services. The objective of the present work is to propose technical resolutions for the establishment of quality standards for the provision of public services of urban cleaning and solid waste management and drainage and management of urban rainwater in the city of Belém. To this end, a review of the technical literature was carried out on the subject, survey of existing resolutions in other regulatory agencies, and analysis of the pertinent legislation in force and analysis of the relevant legislation in force for the proposition of normative acts. When analyzing the existing resolutions, it is possible to verify that not all regulatory agencies that claim to regulate a certain axis of basic sanitation have a large normative framework on them. For the construction of the resolutions, it was necessary, in addition to the expertise of the other agencies that already have normative acts in the same direction, to make use of a legal framework, with the intention of guaranteeing the legality of the requirements adopted by the regulatory agency with the service providers. The proposed rules were prepared in specific chapters for each service to be regulated in the general rule for the provision of services and with an indication of those who should have their own rules. It is concluded that the complete regulation of sanitation is a challenge imposed on regulatory agencies, few regulatory entities have the legal instruments of regulation, however, these resources are indispensable since there is a need for a legal basis that supports regulation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção de biogás e energia elétrica a partir do efluente líquido da palma de óleo (Elaeis guineensis) no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-12-27) CARDOSO, Ana Rosa Bezerra; ALVES, Rui Guilherme Cavaleiro de Macêdo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1902384822911246
In this work, we intend to demonstrate the importance of a biogas production system in order to optimize the use of liquid residues arising from the oil palm production process, a residue called POME (Palm oil mill effluent), which contains a high concentration of organic matter, being a potential source of biogas production for the generation of electricity and biofuel. In this context, the objective is to evaluate the process of producing biogas and electricity through a covered anaerobic lagoon based on the POME implemented by an industry in the State of Pará. For this, information was gathered about the industrial process, the type of effluent treatment that is used and its components, and the process of transforming liquid waste into a new product. Visits were carried out in the industry to learn about the facilities, monitor the operation of the system and the operation of the equipment used to capture biogas and convert it into electricity. Data regarding the COD, pH and temperature parameters that are used for the operational control carried out in the lagoon were made available. The system started operating in February/2021, but the data referred to the period from May/2021 to April/2022. The average values obtained in the operation of the system referring to the pH was 7.43 and the temperature of 38.30 °C with a VOC of 24.73 kgCOD/m³.day. The anaerobic lagoon showed a COD removal efficiency of approximately 91% and an average production of 139.04 m3 /day of methane. The methane produced from the industry's POME generated an average of 28.01 MWh of electricity in the aforementioned period, which were used to power the industrial plant. In view of the results analyzed, the viability of using the liquid effluent from the processing of the oil palm fruit for the generation of biogas and electricity is confirmed, thus contributing to the improvement of the quality of the final effluent.