Dissertações em Ciência Política (Mestrado) - PPGCP/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4811

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciência Política e Relações Internacionais teve início em 2008 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Política (PPGCP) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Agora exibindo 1 - 13 de 13

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Atuação da Comissão de Seguridade Social e Família (CSSF) sobre matérias de Previdência e Assistência Social (1999-2018)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-27) SILVA, Raimunda Eliene Sousa; SILVA, Maria Dolores Lima da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7277148176512169; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0067-5038
This dissertation analyzes the performance of the Social Security and Family Commission (SSFC) in the Chamber of Deputies with a focus on Social Security and Social Assistance policies from 1999 to 2018. The objective of the work is to analyze the internal dynamics of the SSFC from the perspective of approach neoinstitutional, whose debate focuses on the importance of institutional rules in defining the decision-making process. We observed the institutional context where the projects were discussed and voted on and the role of political actors. The analysis was made by two hypotheses: H1 states that “The commission acted proactively filtering and approving the social security and assistance proposals processed in the SSFC” and H2 maintains that “The commission has no conclusive power when what is on the agenda is a matter of interest. government coalition, due to the high degree of conflict they raise”. This is an exploratory study that quantifies and interprets the data related to the processing of proposals submitted to the committee, recorded in the annual reports of the legislative arena, available on the website of the Chamber of Deputies. The survey found that the SSFC is the third largest committee in number of parliamentarians and projects submitted for discussion, having a structure capable of deciding on the outcome of matters within its competence. The analysis of the data revealed a small number of altered projects within the commission, which leads us to infer that the legislative matters submitted to the SSFC presented issues of low conflict between the parties. The approved proposals were processed with low interference from urgent requests, and the decision deliberated by the SSFC was accepted. However, the results also showed that this commission is an important arena to streamline the Chamber's activities, acting as a filtering space for the projects presented, approving or rejecting them within its competence. The observed results suggest that the most complex issues, related to the Social Security and Social Assistance themes, obey a special procedure outside the SSFC.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Audiências públicas – composição, aspectos informacionais e partidários da comissão de segurança pública e combate ao crime organizado (CSPCCO) na Câmara dos Deputados: 2007-2022.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-07) COSTA, Natalia Pinto; RUBIATTI, Bruno de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3593569714396077; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-4804
This research aims to investigate: 1) the profile of attendees at the public hearings of the Public Security and Combating Organized Crime Committee (CSPCCO) of the Chamber of Deputies, during the years 2007-2022 (53rd, 54th, 55th, and 56th legislatures), and 2) the party variations in inviting speakers to these hearings. It starts from the premise that the committee space is the institutional locus of protagonism within the decision-making process, with the structure capable of specializing lawmakers, as well as collecting information from external members of the National Congress, with Public Hearings being a tool capable of facilitating this exchange of specializations. Committees are understood as spaces where party influence and stable decision-making can be exerted. Therefore, to achieve the proposed objectives, a case study methodology on the composition/profile of CSPCO deputies during the aforementioned legislatures and a literature review on legislative organization and thematic committees in the decision-making process will be used to contribute to the research agenda that highlights thematic committees as a relevant space that generates various informational and partisan gains. The results showed that there are indications that partisan incentives in this committee exhibit strong informational traits in the hearings. The analysis also highlighted the importance and multiplicity of objectives that public hearings can assume.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comissão mista no processo decisório da Medida Provisória da Reforma do Ensino Médio (MPV Nº 746/2016)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-03) PORTÉGIO, Suziany de Oliveira; RUBIATTI, Bruno de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3593569714396077; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-4804
The present dissertation has as object of analysis the parliamentary action that took place inside the Mixed Commission of Provisional Measure nº 746/2016, which dealt with the High School Reform, such reform establishes new guidelines for the Brazilian educational formative process. With the intention of answering how parliamentarians acted in proposing and approving amendments to the text proposed by the Executive, we first seek to make a historic rescue regarding the institutional design of the coalition presidential government in operation in Brazil, giving space to the debate that positive theories bring to the address parliamentary performance. Then, we talk about the role of the commission system and the use of provisional measures in the Brazilian decision-making process, pointing out its relevance in the legislative scenario. Finally, when we understand the mixed commissions as specific spaces for project deliberation; we started to study the amendment work that took place inside the Joint Commission of Provisional Measure nº 746/2016; where it was possible to observe that the opposition proposed a significant amount of amendments in an MPV of paramount importance for the Executive's agenda, that is, members outside the coalition seek (and manage) to change the Executive's proposal. The Legislature acts on the Executive's proposal by changing its points and placing its preferences, even in the face of an instrument for the exclusive use of the Executive. In addition to concluding that the mixed commissions have an important role in the decision-making process.
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Dimensões do regime eleitoral de gênero: uma comparação entre Brasil e México.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-27) OLIVEIRA, Rosemery Silva de; SANTOS, Rodrigo Dolandeli dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0375894180479456
The low representation of women in the Brazilian Legislative Assembly has been a historical problem that demands coordinated actions to overcome. The Brazilian population is made up of 51% women, but representation in Parliament does not even reach half of this proportion. Mexico also faced this problem, but implemented a reform integrating properties and which today serves as a model for the world, as a State that instituted gender parity. In this study, structured based on a comparative analysis, we compare the gender electoral regime implemented in Mexico with the regime in force in Brazil. The literature reveals that Mexico adopts a strong model, while Brazil does not meet most of the criteria highlighted as a parameter, allowing Brazil to be classified as a weak regime, with an institutional design disjointed from a central objective. In addition to the comparison between the institutional designs in question, we bring to the analysis electoral data from 2018 and 2022, from the elections for the Brazilian Legislative Assemblies, to illustrate the proportions of underrepresentation, providing greater substance to our findings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica da política de mineração em territórios indígenas nos governos da nova república
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-17) SIQUEIRA, Isabella Feitoza; CABRAL, Eugênia Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2195250873603926; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-1465
In 2020, the Brazilian Executive Branch introduced Bill (PL) 191/2020 to the National Congress, which was expedited under an emergency designation that same year. This legislative measure, designed to regulate mining activities within Indigenous Territories (ITs), was not the first government initiative on this issue, nor was it the first time that mining in ITs was discussed within the combined political agendas of the executive and legislative branches. Despite the lack of resolution on this political issue by 2023, it has been acknowledged by political authorities as a significant concern and has consistently been included on the agendas of the executive and legislative branches for the past 40 years, and more recently, of the judiciary. The issue has prompted numerous debates and conflicts over interests among parliamentarians most actively involved. Given the political and social significance of the topic, the principal aim of this study is to analyze the evolution and diversification of conflicts, strategies, and discourses related to indigenous mineral policy within the Legislative Branch since the enactment of the current Brazilian Federal Constitution. This research involved several stages of data review and categorization, focusing on legislative initiatives concerning the issue. The comprehensive dataset analyzed includes: 47 bills, 3 complementary bills, 2 provisional measures, 30 legislative decree projects, 1 constitutional amendment, and 167 parliamentary amendments from both the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate. These initiatives were evaluated using the content analysis method as proposed by Bardin (1977). Additionally, the profiles of key political actors involved over time were scrutinized. The organization and analysis of the results employed the Advocacy Coalition Framework by Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith (1994), enhanced by the methodological approaches and reflections of Capano (2009; 2012) and Kay (2006) for conducting dynamic analyses of public policies. The analysis identified two advocacy coalitions that have significantly influenced the agenda on mining in Indigenous Territories over time. The first coalition, advocating for the maximization of mineral extraction in Amerindian territories, comprises political actors financed by the mining and agribusiness sectors; they oppose the demarcation of Indigenous lands and support illegal mining. The second coalition contends that mineral exploitation in Indigenous lands should incorporate stringent social, environmental, and economic preservation measures. Ultimately, the ideas and interests of these advocacy coalitions, actions by the Executive Branch, the institutional framework of the National Mining Agency, and Brazil’s international image, have been pivotal in shaping the variations and stalemates of this decision-making agenda within the Legislative Power over time.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O Financiamento público e a cartelização do sistema partidário brasileiro: uma análise sobre os pequenos partidos nas eleições para Deputado Federal de 2022
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-15) LOPES, Débora Evelyn Lima; SANTOS, Rodrigo Dolandeli dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0375894180479456
The imminent research has as its object of study the public financing system, especially the Special Campaign Financing Fund (S.C.F.F.), given the size of each party, in order to identify the distribution pattern of this resource and its relationship with the thesis of cartelization which, in summary, indicates that a small number of political parties dominate the political scene and exercise disproportionate control over the political process (Katz and Mair, 1995; Speck and Campos, 2021). To this end, we seek to use mixed methods, with qualitative-quantitative research, through descriptive statistics, raising more comprehensive questions, to understand the subsequent and more specific problem. Thus, reviewed through the literature, we seek to describe party typologies, differentiating them, especially in the aspect of financing, with a focus on cartelization and possible impacts on small parties; Identify characteristics of the Brazilian political system, with analysis of the constitutional and electoral legislation relating to the Party Fund and the S.C.F.F., in addition to, through quantitative analysis, classifying the size of the parties, based on the number of votes obtained for Federal Deputy in the year 2022, jointly analyzing the S.C.F.F. values, distributed this same year, with data obtained from the database available on the Superior Electoral Court (S.E.C) website, to then identify among the concentrated, dispersed and neutral patterns, which ones would be most evident in the Brazilian public financing system, especially with regard to the possibility of cartelization, focusing on small parties. The research is justified by the need to update data and analysis with an approach to the S.C.F.F., given the relevance of public financing to electoral races, as well as in view of recent constitutional and electoral changes, such as the introduction of the barrier clause through EC 97/2017 which imposed requirements for access to Party Fund resources and the impossibility of forming coalitions in proportional elections that also characterize the political system. In this way, it is expected that the results can contribute to a greater understanding of cartelization in the public financing system, given the identification of how such characteristics occur and whether they persist in the Brazilian scenario.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Jovens e idosos na política local: uma avaliação comparativa do perfil sociopolítico das candidaturas nas eleições municipais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-09-18) MOREIRA, Jade Neves; SOUZA, Carlos Augusto da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7158504535308341
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Partidos políticos, relação executivo-legislativo e a produção legislativa da comissão de constituição, justiça e cidadania do Senado Federal de 2003 a 2018
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-24) CARVALHO, Rodrigo Cordeiro; RUBIATTI, Bruno de Castro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3593569714396077; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3167-4804
Considering the legislative studies agenda on the Brazilian Federal Senate, due to its role in the decision-making process, and the contribution of this agenda to discover the characteristics of the functioning of parliamentary committees, this research is based on the following problem. Did the parties coordinate the Executive-Legislative relationship in the legislative production of the Senate's Committee on Constitution, Justice, and Citizenship (CCJ) from 2003 to 2018? From this, the objectives are: to verify if there is a positive relationship between senators' previous political experience and their chances of occupying the CCJ; to observe if the party of the committee's president tends to appoint rapporteurs from its own party; to examine if there is a positive relationship between the occupation of the CCJ by the government coalition and the number of executive projects reported by this group each year; to check if there is a positive relationship between the degree of ideological heterogeneity of the government coalition and the frequency of using the terminative power in the CCJ. To do so, it was first discovered who occupied the CCJ and by which parties at the beginning and end of each legislative session through the Annual Reports of the Presidency (from 2003 to 2018); then, based on the biographies of the parliamentarians, data related to prior expertise (political career [number of mandates of the parliamentarian when occupying the CCJ and previous passage through elective positions in the Executive or Legislative branches], level of education, and profession) of these occupants were observed; finally, based on the results of the CCJ's deliberative meetings, information on authorship, rapporteurship, and opinions of each legislative proposition was collected - this stage, when necessary, was complemented by biographical research about federal deputies (in order to discover their respective party affiliations at the moments of voting on the matters, when the authorship was by a deputy). All the necessary documents and information to fulfill the described steps are available on the websites of the Federal Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. The data treatment was done using Excel spreadsheets, resulting in tables and graphs on the CCJ's occupation and legislative production throughout the established time frame. It is concluded that: the CCJ is mostly occupied by coalition government parties, but it presents equal chances of being chaired by both this group and the opposition, with the overall occupation characterized by senators in their first term in the Senate and with previous passages through both the Executive and Legislative branches, who remain in the committee for just over four years, have higher education, and are lawyers or professors, aged between 50 and 69 years, representing the male gender; the parties in the committee's presidency appoint more rapporteurs from their own parties, with a dominance of the coalition, both in rapporteurship and in proposition, and it also dominates the rapporteurship of executive initiatives; the results indicated by the rapporteurs are mostly for approval without changes (39.2%), but are closely followed by approval with alterations (amendment/substitute, 36.7%), and the voting on these opinions results in approval in 98.6% of cases, mostly with the non-terminative decision type (64.1%), while the percentage of terminative decisions seems negatively related to the degree of ideological heterogeneity of the coalition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil sóciopolítico das representantes eleitas para o Parlamento em Moçambique (1994, 1999, 2004 e 2014)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-12-19) MACULUVE, Celeste Abel Cuad; SOUZA, Carlos Augusto da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7158504535308341
As a result of the impacts of democracy that has been felt in the last few decades by almost everyone, there is an expansion of spaces that allow greater political participation by citizens at all levels. Equitively, new perspectives of citizens' political participation took place, among them, perspectives aimed at gender factors, as a way of integrating and reducing the gender gap in the political sphere. In this sense, the present research work aimed to analyze which aspects of the socio-political profile impact the election of women to parliament in Mozambique. The study sought to identify the profile of women who are elected deputies for the Assembly of the Republic, in an analysis of four legislatures, since the first multiparty election, in 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2014. The research sought to evidence the existing relationship between the socio professional and political profile of parliamentarians and the influence of the electoral and party system in the Mozambican sphere for the election of these women, regarding institutions as legitimate channels for society's choices, as a whole. As a methodological resource it is seen as a qualitative and quantitative research, using the database on the women's curriculum where variables related to: educational background, profession, party identification, sex, age, marital status were extracted. In the meantime, aiming to show if there is a socio-political profile that explains the participation and representation of women for the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique. Find out for a reality not far from what has been listed by various surveys, with the preference for male representatives not necessarily depending on the differentiation of the socio-political profile, as for both sexes they are similar. However, the election of women to Members of the Assembly of the Republic of Mozambique tends to depend on being a member of the traditional parties, especially those that serve as a support base for the executive; have experience or political trajectory (hold public and / or partisan positions). It is worth mentioning the importance of quotas, since the Frente Liberação de Moçambique Party (FRELIMO) is the party that elects women the most and is the only party that joined voluntary party quotas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Política ambiental na Amazônia: governos estaduais e unidades de conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-30) OLIVEIRA, Gabriel Creão de; COSTA, Maycon Yuri Nascimento; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2793543832894029; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0003-2645-9744; CABRAL, Eugênia Rosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2195250873603926; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7601-1465
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção legislativa sobre mulheres no Senado Federal (2015 a 2022)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-20) ALVES, Camila Lobo da Gama; SOUSA, Rayza Sarmento de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2829775863179545; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9817-7941
This study focuses on legislative production concerning women in the Federal Senate, with an emphasis on the proposals made by male and female senators during the last two legislative periods, from 2015 to 2018 and from 2019 to 2022 (the 55th and 56th legislatures). The research discusses the relationships between group representation, with a focus on feminist authors, and addresses the internal dynamics of the Federal Senate's composition. Utilizing both quantitative and qualitative approaches, the study analyzes 134 bills introduced within the aforementioned timeframe, aiming to examine which themes are most frequent and which ones are most approved among the analyzed bills. Additionally, it investigates, based on gender and political party ideology, who proposes the most within these themes. The analysis reveals that the political party PODEMOS proposed the most within the analyzed theme, the state of Espírito Santo had the highest number of proposals, and 2019 was the year with the most activity. The most prevalent theme was violence against women, followed by policies on paternity and maternity, which were predominantly proposed by female legislators. Furthermore, the majority of the proposals originated from members of right-wing parties. By the end of the analysis period, at the close of the 56th legislature, 30 bills had been approved, and two had become laws.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A representação de candidaturas negras no cenário político brasileiro: um estudo das eleições municipais de 2016 e 2020
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-28) SILVA, Mariana Costa da; SOUZA, Carlos Augusto da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7158504535308341
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A representação política da juventude na arena eleitoral: uma avaliação comparativa do perfil sociopolítico dos candidatos às Câmaras de Vereadores nos municípios brasileiros
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-23) SANTOS, Silvia Jaqueline da Silva; SOUZA, Carlos Augusto da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7158504535308341
This work aims to analyze the sociopolitical profile of young candidates, using as a case study the elections held in 2016 and 2020, in the various municipalities that make up the political geography of Brazil. The objective is to examine the profile of young candidates in comparison with that of non-young candidates, based on the following variables: gender, race, education, marital status and party ideology. For comparative purposes, the research uses data from the Superior Electoral Court relating to the results of the 2016 and 2020 elections, evaluating only those elected. The research methodology was supported by procedures derived from descriptive statistics, which allow establishing associations between variables based on the absolute values and percentages existing in the differentiation markers between young people and non-young people. The research concluded that there are significant differences between young councilors in relation to candidates from other age groups, which indicates that there are changes in the socio-political profile of those elected throughout the country's generational transition observed in recent decades.

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