Dissertações em Biodiversidade e Conservação (Mestrado) - PPGBC/Altamira
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9261
O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2014 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação (PPGBC) do Campus Universitário de Abaetetuba da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Avaliação da presença de metais pesados na água potável fornecida à população urbana de Altamira e o seu possível impacto epidemiológico sobre doenças crônicas renais(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-30) STORCH, Wesley; FAIAL, Kleber R. Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0166366420811929; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-8575-1262; PEREIRA, Adenilson Leão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3184636120604556The Xingu River is crucial for potable water supply in Altamira, but it faces risks of heavy metal pollution, especially mercury, due to illegal mining and UHBM activities. Mercury can bioaccumulate in humans and be associated with an increased risk of hypertension and kidney diseases. This study evaluated the presence of heavy metals in Altamira's drinking water and outlined the epidemiological profile of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Altamira and the Xingu region. Concentrations of Al, As, Cr, Cd, Pb, Fe, and Hg were measured in 24 water samples collected in July 2022, using ICP/MS by the Evandro Chagas Institute, compared to Brazilian legislation and WHO limits. Mortality data from CKD, diabetes mellitus (DM), and systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed using public data from DATASUS. Additionally, medical records of CKD patients treated at HRPT from 2007 to 2023 were analyzed. The concentrations of metals in the analyzed water samples were within established limits, except for aluminum (Al), which was elevated in two water samples. Mortality data obtained from DATASUS between 2000 and 2020 showed a significant increase in mortality due to SAH in Altamira (R²=0.80), while mortality from CKD (R²=0.30) and DM (R²=0.31) had a smaller impact on the mortality rate during the studied period. Considering the medical records of CKD patients treated at HRPT, it was identified that between 2007 and 2023, 174 CKD patients treated at HRPT were from Altamira, with 64.4% men and 35.6% women. Regarding age, 48.85% were over 60 years old, and 36.78% were between 41 and 60 years old. The main comorbidity associated with CKD was SAH (56.90%), followed by the association of SAH and DM (36.94%). Altamira presented an average prevalence of 8.99 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and an average incidence of 10.24 new cases per year of CKD during the analyzed period. In the Xingu region, 403 CKD cases were identified, predominantly in men (61.5%) with an average age of 60 years. The main comorbidity associated with CKD was SAH (49.88%), followed by the association of SAH and DM (37.47%). The average prevalence of CKD in the region was 6.97 cases per 100,000 inhabitants, with an average incidence of 23.70 new cases per year of CKD during the analyzed period. The levels of metals in the analyzed water samples are within the limits recommended by Brazilian legislation and WHO. The high prevalence of CKD in Altamira and the Xingu region raises concerns about public health impacts. Historical mercury contamination may be related to the high mortality from SAH and the prevalence of CKD associated with SAH. These results emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of water quality and public policies to mitigate the impacts of CKD in the region.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Consequências da construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Belo Monte para o saneamento básico na cidade de Altamira(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-27) MARTINS, Beatriz da Silva; JOHANSEN, Igor Cavallini; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8675081294684590; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-5360-3740; CALVI, Miquéias Freitas; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1925851965991165; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-9915The implementation of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant was tied to compensation and social and environmental conditions, with the universalization of basic sanitation in the city of Altamira, in the state of Pará, being the highlight of this study. The city's physical, social, cultural and environmental space has changed as a result of the implementation of this project. The aim of this research was to investigate and describe the expansion of basic sanitation services – that is, water supply, collection and treatment of domestic sewage, and solid waste – in the city of Altamira between 2010 and 2022. The analyses used secondary data on basic sanitation obtained from the 2010 Demographic Census and primary data collected in a survey applied to 500 households in the city of Altamira in 2022. A documentation analysis was also carried out of the Basic Environmental Project for the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant and the Altamira Integrated Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan. A review of the literature related to the problem was also carried out. Despite the significant improvements and positive results for the environment and public health, it was observed that the condition of universalization of basic sanitation services in the city of Altamira was not achieved. The governance of these services has encountered obstacles between the municipality and the Belo Monte developer, in the context of the implementation, expansion and transfer of services. With regard to the problems associated with governance, we would highlight the discussion about who would be responsible for carrying out the intra-household water and sewage connections, the population's historical dissatisfaction with the water supply services, the residents' resistance to accepting the intra-household water and sewage connections and the flaws in the planning of the executive project. These implications substantially affected the capacity to expand and the quality of these basic services to the population of the city of Altamira.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) PANC na visão dos estudantes de ciências biológicas da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-26) DUARTE, Larissa Rodrigues Ferreira; MENEZES, Moirah Paula Machado de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4242537967460940Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Percepção socioambiental dos alunos de escolas públicas em Altamira-Pa(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-28) PIMENTEL, Andria Jaizza dos Santos; SILVA, Karina Dias da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2271768102150398; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5548-4995Environmental education is how interactions between society and the environment are perceived. Environmental education acquired at school is advantageous because it promotes reflective behaviors about the relevance of sustainable development. This study aims to analyze the application of environmental education in secondary education in public schools. The research examined students' views through the application of questionnaires in the classroom, aiming to identify the implementation of environmental education and the transmission of this knowledge. It was found that, even though environmental education is widely debated, there are still few fixed projects being developed specifically on the topic. In addition, students have difficulty identifying socio-environmental problems, impacts and the environmental context in which they live. It is concluded that the active participation of schools is fundamental for the formation of knowledge and human awareness about the importance of disseminating environmental education. In this sense, as a way of supporting the school network in the formation of new citizens aware of their role in the world, a guiding booklet was created containing theory world, a guiding booklet was created containing theory, games, activities, guided tours and a quiz to support the implementation of the theme.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Suplementação alimentar com açaí (Euterpe oleracea) como potencial modulador das defesas antioxidantes e dano oxidativo em zebrafish (Danio rerio)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-25) NASCIMENTO, Géssica Amorim do; AMADO, Lilian Lund; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3382900147208081; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7693-8191; VALENTIN, Fernanda Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5323991664296959; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8279-3758Diets enriched with Amazonian açaí (E. oleracea) provide great nutritional and therapeutic health benefits, related to the presence of bioactive compounds. The pulp of the açaí fruit is high in anthocyanins, plant pigments that have anti- inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The use of D. rerio (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) as an animal model in bioassays is important for evaluating possible molecular alterations caused by the pro-oxidants present in the cells, with direct applications in other fish and can also be extrapolated to humans, due to the genetic homology of 70% of the genome. The aim of this study was to characterize the effects of dietary supplementation with freeze-dried açaí pulp (AÇL), testing different concentrations of anthocyanins, as a potential modulator of the antioxidant defence system in D. rerio. The study was carried out in the Ecotoxicology section of LAPMAR at UFPA/Belém. A total of 40 D. rerio specimens were organized into: control group (CTR) - standard diet only; and according to the value of the standard diet, the amounts for supplementation in treatment were calculated T1 - standard diet and supplementation of 10% AÇL; T2 - standard diet and supplementation of 25% AÇL; T3 - standard diet and supplementation of 50% AÇL. Water physicochemical parameters, siphoning and partial water changes were analyzed over the course of 5 days. At the end of the 120-hour experiment, the fish were collected, euthanized by cryoanesthesia, biometrically measured, weighed and stored at -80 ºC in an ultrafreezer. Subsequently, the whole animals were homogenized, followed by the quantification of total proteins and measurements of biochemical biomarkers of oxidative stress: total antioxidant capacity (TACC), glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione s- transferase (GST) and lipoperoxidation (LPO). The results were analyzed by means of comparisons between independent groups with a quantitative response variable, using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of 5%. Of the physicochemical parameters evaluated, ammonia levels were the only ones monitored that showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the T3 - 50% AÇL treatment at the last analysis time. There was no statistically significant difference (p>0.005) for the biometric data and also for the biomarkers between the sample groups. The results indicate that the supplementary supply of açaí for longer periods can promote a neutralization of pro-oxidant agents in the cells. This supplementation can be considered a natural alternative to increase resistance to stress in the face of pro-oxidant conditions in the body, establishing chemoprotection strategies for human and animal health.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Uso de recursos naturais por seis comunidades ribeirinhas da Volta Grande do Xingu(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) SOUZA, Thais Santos; SERRA , Anderson Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9878285735905103; SANTOS, Graciliano Galdino Alves dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8085271321555747; HERNÁNDEZ-RUZ, Emil José; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9304799439158425The Amazon basin has a potential for harnessing its water resources, which has been explored by building hydroelectric plants to meet the growing demand for energy generation. However, hydroelectric plants cause great transformations in the use of natural resources, such as fishing and the use of forest resources. This is the case of the construction of the Belo Monte hydroelectric plant (UHE) on the Xingu River, west of Pará. In the research, we studied what changes occurred in the use of medicinal plants, fishing, and hunting after the construction of the Belo Monte UHE, in six communities in region of Volta Grande do Xingu. 45 semi-structured interviews were carried out, with the application of tests with families who live next to the river after the construction of the Belo Monte HPP and who exercise or have already used flora, hunting and fishing activities, both for commercial purposes and for consumption. domestic. The frequency of use of each species for hunting, medicinal plants and fishing was observed. There was a reduction in species appreciated for consumption of fish and wild animals (game). In the use of medicinal plants, andiroba obtained the highest frequency of use. Thus, considering the results, that the use of medicinal plants in riverside families occurred after the construction of the Belo Monte HPP, for fishing and hunting there was a reduction of species appreciated for consumption, and consequently these factors provoke changes in the way of life of riverside families.