Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9341
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Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise dos fluxos turbulentos de CO2 e energia, associada a percepção dos serviços ecossistêmicos em um manguezal amazônico(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-30) FREIRE, Antonio Sérgio Cunha; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401This interdisciplinary work proposal for the PhD in environmental sciences, in the field of physical climate research, investigated the turbulent flows of CO2 and energy in the mangrove forest at the Cuiarana experimental site, in the city of Salinópolis, Pará, under the influence of local atmospheric variability during the year 2015. Also, within this interdisciplinary perspective, the relationship between the local community and the forest surrounding the study area was also studied. In order to collect the turbulent data, a micrometeorological tower was installed in the mangrove, with high frequency sensors that collected the data of the atmospheric variables above the forest canopy. The meteorological data was collected from the UFRA tower, located 400m from the mangrove tower. For the social investigations, a case study was carried out based on the perception of the decision-makers, who occupy leadership positions in several organizational structures in the city of Salinópolis and in the town of Cuiarana, on the perception of the ecosystem services generated by the ecosystem of mangrove. It was verified that in the Cuiarana mangrove, in the year 2015, under ENOS, there was a reduction of precipitation in the region where it rained only 63.7% of the expected climatological variable. As for the sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat flux in the mangrove, it was observed that the maximum values for both variables were recorded at 14h, with LE peak in the rainy season and H in the less rainy season. In the analysis of the seasonal CO2 flow, it was verified that the highest magnitudes of absorption occurred in the rainy season, with a peak of absorption at 13h with -13.56 μmol.m2, whereas in the less rainy period, absorption peak was recorded of CO2 at 13h with -8.95 μmol.m2. Regarding the perception of the local leadership within the ecosystem services generated by the mangrove, it was noted that the valuation of these goods and services was considered by the interviewees, where direct use services such as habitation, fishing, generation of work, and income are mentioned as fundamental factors for the well-being of the riverside population. It was noticed from accounts of the fishermen that the transmission of knowledge occurs generation to generation with the purpose of maintaining the traditional labor practices and conservation of the mangrove.Tese Acesso aberto (Open Access) Simulação da resposta hidrológica à mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra em uma bacia hidrográfica no leste da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-10-05) FERREIRA JÚNIOR, Pedro Pereira; SOLER, Luciana de Sousa; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884The loss of vegetation in the Amazon has been occurring for some decades and the growth of annual deforestation rates is noticeable. The agricultural expansion is indicated as a new agent in this dynamic by the overthrow of the vegetation for the cattle raising and later implantation of mechanized agriculture. This work explored the potential relationships between hydrological variability and landscape organization in the Uraim River Basin at Northeast of Pará. The possible effects of land use and land cover changes effect on streamflow were investigated from Soil hydrological modeling and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) combined with the projections of future scenarios generated by the Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small Region Extent (CLUE-S), the SWAT efficiency was also evaluated in simulating the monthly streamflow when fed by evapotranspiration (ET) of the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL). The results showed the skill of SEBAL to estimate ET under different land use and land cover identified in the watershed. The algorithm presented overestimations, but good precision with the values measured in the field, having greater accuracy in the dry season and using average eight days MODIS images. The SWAT model streamflow simulations were better when ET estimated by SEBAL were applied, which were confirmed by reduction in absolute and relative errors and by the efficient calibration of the most sensitive parameters. The modeling was considered from good to very good according to the NSE, RSR and PBIAS coefficients found. Almost all the variables used in CLUE-S modeling forced land use and land cover changes, mainly biophysical parameters. The projected scenarios indicate agricultural expansion for the northwestern sector of the watershed and greater concentration in the southwest portion. Agricultural areas will increase its by 93.2 km2, corresponding to 13.4% of watershed until 2034, which indicate to a reduction of 34.4% in the streamflow to dry season and an increase of 38.6% in the rainy season. The results suggest that climate change may have played a more pronounced role in the hydrological pattern than the very land use and land cover change projected by CLUE-S. It is intended, therefore, to provide subsidies for environmental monitoring, informing about necessary interventions, targeting the decision-making regarding the sustainable use of water resources.