SIBI! EM BREVE O RIUFPA ESTARÁ LIBERADO! AGUARDEM!

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2854

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) integra o Instituto de Geocências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental) iniciou suas atividades em 2005 com o Mestrado Acadêmico e em 2011 com o Doutorado Acadêmico.

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 28

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da contribuição da pecuária bovina nas mudanças de uso da terra: uma abordagem multiescala no estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-19) THALÊS, Marcelo Cordeiro; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
Brazilian Amazon has gone through a number of different economic cycles linked to the exploitation of natural resources, integrated with global markets, which have intensified since the 1960s, most recently through the ongoing expansion of agribusiness. During this process of territorial construction, land use changes have occurred heterogeneously in both space and time, with mechanisms operating at a number of different scales. The present study analyzes the shifts in land use and the contribution of cattle ranching to the process of territorial construction based on monitoring methods and indicators applied at varying scales, from the local to the regional, as a contribution to territorial management. In the Brazilian state of Pará, the study was based on the diachronic cartography of the pioneer fronts, which was used to represent and delimit the regional contrasts among these fronts. The relationship between these pioneer fronts and the dynamics of the deforestation process was also analyzed, by period, between 2002 and 2017, which allowed the territories to be classified as (i) consolidated, in which ranching is being intensified, (ii) expanding, in which the fronts are used as a strategy of occupation, and (iii) areas free of deforestation. In the municipality of Paragominas, located in a territory undergoing consolidation, the landscape dynamics were analyzed by superimposing the maps of land use with those of the agricultural aptitude of the land and the distance to the principal highways, with the aim of developing a model for the restoration of the landscape. The local landscape dynamics can be divided into two principal systems of land use, one that is based on the expansion of the pasture in valleys with sandy soils, and the other, based on mechanized farming, which is currently expanding on the clayey plateaus. The analysis of these two systems provided three important insights for the eventual restoration of the landscape. The first point is that the intensification of land use increases the pressure on the forests, principally in the areas most adequate for farming. The second is that the intensification of land use frees up areas that are inadequate for mechanization, and could potentially be used for the restoration of the forest. The third point is that local governance should be employed to define spatially explicit policies capable of transforming the landscape. In the areas sampled, in southeastern Pará, observations were conducted at specific points for visual description of the characteristics of the pasture, which were used to construct a typology of the process of pasture degradation. When this pasture typology is related to the vegetation indices (NDVI, EVI-2, NDII-5, NDII-7) extracted from Landsat 7 (ETM+) images, it can be noted that the well-formed pasture, which is associated with a reduction in the cover and height of the vegetation, was also related to a reduction in the vegetation indices. In degraded and degrading pasture, there was a lack of precision in the differentiation of the well-formed pasture. The degraded pastures or those undergoing biological degradation were identified better, but still imprecisely in comparison with the well-formed pasture with low vegetation cover, whereas the pasture undergoing agricultural degradation was confused with the well-formed pasture with a medium to high percentage of vegetation cover. This approach has considerable potential for the monitoring of areas of pasture, but needs to be refined. The analyses at different scales reflect the importance of understanding shifts in land use during the process of territorial construction, with the primary objective of transforming this knowledge into an easily-understood diagnostic tool that should facilitate adequate decision-making.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da resiliência socioecológica em um projeto de assentamento convencional do sudeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-30) CARVALHO, Alderuth da Silva; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
Southeastern Pará state, Amazon region, Brazil, is known as the agricultural frontier and scenario of numerous land conflicts. In the same region, under the agrarian reform policy, the federal government implemented some 500 Settlement Projects (SP). Among them, stands out the Conventional Settlement Project "26 de Março", in the municipality of Marabá-Pará. This SP, result of the process of occupying almost 10 years of encampment in Farm Cabaceiras, was formally created in 2009. Its organicity is managed by the Landless Rural Workers Movement (MST) and is the pioneer settlement with environmental license. Taking as reference the social and environmental relations that influence each other, we characterize rural settlements as socioecological systems, which, inserted in the debates about sustainability in the Amazon, allow us to apply the theory of resilience. The objective of this work was to analyze the socioecological resilience of the conventional settlement PA "26 de Março". To help us in this analysis, we chose to use the methodology of resilience indicators, composed of two dimensions, four components and 14 indicators that received scores of 1 to 5 (one to five). These indicators made up the questionnaire that guided the interviews applied between September and October of 2017 to a sample of 20% of the owners of lots occupied in PA "26 de Março", Marabá. Responses were interpreted to identify which punctuation they indicated. The scores provided us with subsidies to find out which components represented fragility or potentiality for socioecological resilience of the housing nuclei (Núcleo de Moradia) of the settlement, besides enabling us to make a categorization test of the socioecological resilience level of the settlement as a whole. The results showed that, at the "Núcleo de Moradia" level, the "knowledge, learning and innovation" component represents a negative trend towards resilience for all "núcleos de moradia", as well as for the settlement as a whole. On the other hand, we perceive as potential of strengthening of the resilience the component "Organicity and infrastructure". According to the resilience categorization, the PA is considered with level of socioecological resilience "Reasonable". This result indicates a threshold between the fragility and the potential for strengthening socio-ecological resilience. In this way, we consider immediate training / qualification actions for the settlers, as well as the promotion and / or strengthening of social technologies aimed at respecting biodiversity and peasant family farming. We conclude that socioecological resilience thinking is pertinent and allows us rich debates on the way of understanding socioecological systems, such as rural settlements in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores sustentáveis urbano em uma mesorregião amazônica, Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-29) SILVA, Elisane Gabriel do Nascimento; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
Global concerns about environmental degradation have emerged since the 1970s, reflected in conferences, meetings, reports, among others, carried out by the United Nations (UN), which international agreements arise in favor of preserving the world's biodiversity. Perceptions on Sustainable Urban Development encompass the conceptualizations of evolution, social awareness and environmental conservation. In order to measure global Sustainable Development, the Agenda 30 published by the UN comes into force, with 169 goals, broken down into 254 indicators, which they do not assess municipal sustainability. The objective of this study is to propose a system of indicators that allows the analysis of urban sustainability in the face of the social, political-institutional and environmental dimensions of the municipalities of the Metropolitan Mesoregion of Belém. The Urban Sustainable Indicators Matrix (MASU) was designed using that data collection carried out through internet sites, at no cost to the researcher. To validate this proposal, two methodologies were applied: the Likert Scalar method (adapted), and the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method, that analyzes results are divided into two chapters. The results obtained by the Likert Scale method (adapted) point to sustainability by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Environmental and Political-Institutional Dimensions, consecutively, highlighting the municipalities of Belém and Santa Bárbara do Pará as sustainable, and the municipalities of Marituba, Inhangapi and Castanhal as unsustainable. The sustainability achieved by the municipalities infers cities with Sustainable Development, although this sustainability is associated by the relative analysis of the data sample. While the application of the PCA method showed sustainability in by the indicators of the Social Dimension and unsustainability by the indicators of the Political-Institutional Dimension, highlighting the municipalities with Sustainable Development being Barcarena, Santa Barbara do Pará, Inhangapi and Santa Isabel do Pará as sustainable, due to the criteria of signs and similarities, measured through the data of the Principal Components (CPs). That way, MASU highlighted realistic results, showing (un)favorable indicators for local sustainability, providing subsidies to public management to solve specific problems and develop effective public policies to meet the needs of the population and achieve Sustainable Urban Development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Áreas úmidas e indicadores ambientais de planície flúvio estuarina na Amazônia Oriental.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-18) PINTO, Álvaro José de Almeida; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The most extensive floodplains in the world occur in the Amazon River basin. In these locations, along the largest rivers, pulses of periodic flooding produce seasonal and dynamic connectivity between the smaller channels and the adjacent wetlands. Wetlands play a vital role in water quality, in addition to providing coastal stabilization and erosion control, aquifer recharge, serve as important habitats. The present study aimed to elaborate, based on environmental indicators, the characterization and classification of an estuarine fluvial plain in a humid area, and to evaluate its degree of environmental impact using bioindicators as an analysis tool, considering a gradient of water bodies. The present study took place in the municipalities of Barcarena and Abaetetuba, having an important and significant role, economic-financial, socio-cultural and migratory and ecological-environmental for the region and for the Amazon as a whole. In the present study, it was divided into two stages, considering the hypothesis and specific objectives. The first stage of characterization and classification of the region as wetlands, and the second stage was the use of biological indicators as a way of measuring the environmental quality of the areas. The indicators used for stage I were altimetry, rainfall, hydrography and land use and coverage, and such information was processed in a GIS environment. Additionally, the Topographic Index of Wet Areas (ITU) was used, and the method of map reclassification (topography, land use and precipitation) was proposed, generating product through map algebra, then defining areas with Potential for Formation of Wet Areas (PFAU). The second stage, was carried out after the classification of PFAU’s, using macrozoobenthos as an indicator of environmental quality. Sampling in the main drainages distributed in three sectors with different potential impacts. The sectors were: i) high impact sector ii) medium impact sector iii) low impact sector. In general the region of the present study predominates low altimetric values, the pluviometric precipitation for the annual accumulated, varied from 3594 mm to 4844 mm, not being a marked difference, more than 50% of the soil is characterized as area of agriculture and fields, being directly linked to the modified environments either by the occupation of the industrial pole, or by the use of land with buildings. It was possible to delimit the areas with the potential to form wetlands, being directly linked to the topographic processes and the main drainages. The results indicated that the structure of the community of benthic macroinvertebrates in the drainages surrounding the industrial port complex, shows a loss of environmental quality, with extreme effects of a fall in abundance and diversity. More tolerant taxa (Namalycastis caetensis, Cirolana sp., Pseudosphaeroma sp., Tubificidae and Chironominae) and sensitive (hydropsychidae and Eteone sp.) Impact conditions were identified and evaluated as potential bioindicators for monitoring.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Danos socioambientais da dendeicultura na microrregião de Tomé-Açu, PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-29) MONTEIRO NETO, Albertino; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
Oil palm cultivation is a spatial process fostered by actions between the State and the business sector, enabling the expansion of oil palm cultivation in the Amazon. As a research focus, we argue that oil palm cultivation emerges as a central activity in monoculture expansion in the Amazon, bringing a series of socio-environmental damages, especially in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion (MRTA). The research consists of a multifaceted analysis, from the historical context and set of laws that facilitated the expansion of oil palm plantations, to the application of advanced geoprocessing techniques and remote sensing to detect and understand changes in land cover and land use. Thus, the general objective is to understand the expansion of oil palm cultivation as a source of socio-environmental damages in the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, PA. The chapters of this dissertation were written in the format of scientific articles, corresponding to chapters 2, 3, and 4. The study area is the Tomé-Açu Microrregion, in northeastern Pará, and we used the Arauaí settlement and the Jambuaçu quilombola territory as clipped portions from the study area. The methodology consisted of literature review, supervised classification of satellite images, and field visits to communities impacted by oil palm cultivation. We perceive the persistence of the discourse promising economic and social integration of rural areas adapted to oil palm cultivation. There is no room for discussion of alternative proposals for rural economic integration, nor is the peasant way of life considered in the conception of integration projects. Geoprocessing techniques proved to be efficient in identifying oil palm plantations and detecting deforestation associated with the expansion of oil palm monocultures. Between 1988 and 2023, 32,322 hectares of forests (primary and secondary) were converted into oil palm plantations in the MRTA. Family farmers associated with the production chain are irreversibly linked to oil palm cultivation. Residents of Jambuaçu suffer from pressure on the territory caused by industrial oil palm cultivation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
As dimensões do risco hidrometeorológico na cidade de Vigia de Nazaré-Pa, Zona Costeira paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-06-30) BARRETO, Cairo Eduardo Carvalho; COHEN, Julia Clarinda Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0293299378753887; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-8915; PIMENTEL, Marcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777
The city of Vigia de Nazaré, located in the Northeast of Pará, Estuarine Continental Sector of the Coastal Zone of Pará, has a historical problem of flooding, caused mainly by the effects of the tide, the rainy season with considerable accumulations of precipitation and incorporation of the fluvial-marine floodplains to the urban area. The general objective is to understand the relationship between the dynamics of floods and the occupation process in the city of Vigia de Nazaré-PA, producing a diagnosis of risk to extreme hydroclimatic events, considering temporal factors, as well as those of coastal dynamics, which in line with converge to the reality experienced by the local population. Therefore, it will be necessary to understand the process of occupation in the city of Vigia, mainly on the floodplain area, the dynamics of hydrometeorological phenomena and define the dimensions of the risk in Vigia, based on socio-environmental data. To produce the analysis, the research had data from the Centro de Hidrografia Marinha (CHM) were used, for tidal prediction, from the National Agency for Water and Basic Sanitation (ANA), to understand the seasonality of precipitation, and still, an aerial survey was carried out through a cooperation with the Management and Operational Center of the Amazon Protection System (CENSIPAM-CRBE), aiming at the production of a very high resolution Digital Terrain Model (MDT) to determine the area covered by the floodplain and an orthomosaic to visualize the urban features, among others. The socioeconomic (IBGE, 2010; IFDM, 2010) and health (DATASUS, 2014; 2016) data, in order to recognize the municipality's vulnerability to risk in relation to others in the coastal region, were adapted from another study, incorporating other health data, from a DATASUS source. Statistical and geoprocessing tools were applied to these data to compose the analyses. The main results found were: it is a historical problem, resulting from a socially constructed risk, accepted by the population and neglected by the public power; ⅓ of the occupation of the urban area is on the fluvial-marine plain, under the influence of the tide, with a large part of this area recently incorporated into the urban space, more strongly from the 1980s, in the context of the recent restructuring of the Amazon regional space. Its natural dynamics includes semi-diurnal tides, reaching 4.56 m; has an intense rainy season, for the regional characteristic of the eastern Amazon, with the highest accumulated precipitation in the months from January to May, between 307.1 mm and 489.9 mm, with the rainy quarter, FEB-MAR-ABR, passing 400 mm of rain and 25 days of average daily rainfall frequency (FDPRP). Still, there are records of flooding events affecting more than 4000 residences in the urban area, and these events were frequent during the researched historical series (1991-2020). The municipality still has a high socio-environmental vulnerability to risk, among the municipalities in the coastal region. These and other results can form a diagnosis on the hydrometeorological risk of the city of Vigia, providing subsidies for actions at various scales, whether environmental monitoring, disciplining and guiding land use and occupation, and also in investments in social areas and in the health in order to mitigate the effects of flood events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da cobertura florestal a partir de análises realizadas em áreas de extração seletiva de madeira no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) ROCHA, Nívia Cristina Vieira; GALBRAITH, David; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2145475131329843; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The selective logging in the Amazon region is an activity that holds relevance in social, economic, and environmental aspects. In many cases, this is considered a low environmental impact activity in the forests when compared to deforestation. This research assessed canopy opening in selectively logged areas in Eastern Amazon over different years with reduced impact. Detailed monitoring was conducted in these areas using both hemispherical images and orbital images to evaluate the persistence of impacts over time. Hemispherical photographs were used to measure canopy opening and provide a high-resolution assessment of the logged areas. This study also utilized images obtained from Landsat, Sentinel, and Planet satellites. Spectral Mixture Analysis and enhancement techniques were applied to these orbital images to detect canopy opening impacts caused by selective logging. Hemispherical images revealed that even 17 years after the logging activities ceased, the impacts caused by selective logging were still discernible. Meanwhile, orbital images allowed for the identification of logging at different time intervals depending on their respective resolutions. From the results, this study highlights the importance of the combined use of hemispherical and satellite images to monitor the effects of selective logging over time in the Amazon. This enables a more comprehensive understanding of forest dynamics, the persistence of impacts, and the importance of continuous monitoring in logged areas to assess long-term effects and adopt sustainable management strategies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica de uso e cobertura da terra em áreas do formações não florestais/PRODES no Sudeste paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-28) SOUZA, Larisse Fernanda Pereira de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777; ADAMI, Marcos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7484071887086439; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-4477
The Amazonian savannas are extremely important for the conservation of biodiversity, being composed of vegetation communities of numerous endemic species. However, the Amazonian savannas are poorly studied. Forest areas of the Amazon have been monitored since 1988 when the Amazon Monitoring and Deforestation Project (PRODES) was created to obtain annual gross deforestation rates of the Brazilian Legal Amazon. However, PRODES does not monitor non-forest areas (NF) within the Amazon biome, restricting information about nonforest formations, their environmental diversity and degree of anthropization. Thus, the general objective of this work is to analyze the landscape dynamics in non-forest formation areas in the periods of 2000, 2015 and 2020. This research has as an area of analysis an area of NF (Amazon-Cerrado transition ecotone) located in the municipalities. of Rio Maria, Redemption, Araguaia Forest, Conceição do Araguaia, Santa Maria das Barreiras, Pau D'arco and Santana do Araguaia, southeast region of Pará State, area of recent settlement process. To perform LULC mapping of the land, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used. It is a catalog of ready-made analytics data with a high performance, intrinsically parallel computing service. When analyzing the results by thematic class, it was observed that the Savannah Park, Agriculture and Others classes presented a higher agreement 90%. The Pasture and Savannah Wooded classes had lower agreement, with 80%. The classes that represented the highest intensity of omission were Wooded Savannah with 10% and Other 7%. Inclusion, had the highest values in the pasture with 13% and Agriculture or Pasture 7%. The overall accuracy of this mapping was 86%. The GEE platform proved to be efficient and agile, which allowed several sorting attempts to be made in the shortest time until the best possible result was achieved with excellent validation results.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do monocultivo aos sistemas agroflorestais: análise da resiliência socioecológica de agricultores familiares em Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-25) SOUSA, Lais Victoria Ferreira de; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
The dynamics of family farming has always had many peculiarities, starting with the history of occupation of the territory and the different ways of maintaining the areas. With the advance of agribusiness, to perpetuate as a family farmer and continue this way of life has become a challenge. In the case of the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará, the arrival of oil palm and the increase in prices of commodity crops put at risk the dynamics of agroforestry systems and subsistence of these family farmers. Considering these two factors, this research aims to analyze the dynamics of family farming and its different forms of adaptation regarding sustainability, socio-ecological and market resilience. To achieve these objectives, field research was conducted with interviews in 178 farms (up to 200 hectares) that carry out management and work of family origin. When analyzing sustainability of the agroforestry systems of these families, it was found that small family farmers have several difficulties, mainly involving the Political-Institutional dimension, a factor that was repeated for the resilience analysis. For sustainability, the research revealed that the sustainability of agroforestry systems carried out by family farmers in Tomé-Açu presented itself as deficient. When discussing resilience, the objective was to analyze the resilience against the perpetuation of oil palm in the territory, it was found that access to governance and public policies such as financing and technical assistance are fundamental for this group to be more resilient. In this chapter it was also possible to reflect on the resilience of this group involves factors beyond the indicators addressed in the research, reflecting on the resilience for staying the course even with all the obstacles that surround the Brazilian rural dynamics. About business and market models, the thesis proves that the theory of business models does not reflect the reality of the models in which farmers are inserted; the practices recommended as ideas to have a social, environmental, and economic impact fit the dynamics of large corporations but are not recognized at the level of small family farmers. Finally, this research concludes that family farming still maintains its livelihoods in a sustainable way, but without public institutional support this group becomes less resilient and more susceptible to external disturbances. A process of recognition of this livelihood and the ways of commercialization is an important step for the activities that are carried out by these farmers to continue generating environmental, social, and economic impact.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos das mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra na paisagem e nos serviços ecossistêmicos no leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-29) PEREIRA, Fabiana da Silva; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
In the Brazilian Amazon, the conversion of large forest areas, mainly for the expansion of agricultural activities and urban areas, has led to the loss and fragmentation of ecosystems.These changes alter ecosystem processes and functions and may affect the provision of several ecosystem services essential for human well-being and economic activities. In this context, the analysis of the effects of these changes on the landscapes and ecosystems in the Amazon region is essential to better understand the impact of these anthropogenic modifications on ecosystems services in terms of economic, ecological and social aspects. This thesis was designed to (1) quantify the impacts of land use changes on the economic value of ecosystem services in the eastern Amazon; (2) analyze the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on the provision of ecosystem services; (3) evaluate the perception of local traditional communities about ecosystem services in order to verify which factors influence the way they identify and perceive ecosystem services and their main threats. The results show that in the 36 years analyzed there was a considerable loss in the economic value of ecosystem services provided by the forest areas, however the increase in agricultural areas has resulted in a positive balance, as the associated ecosystem services, mainly food, have a high value. In addition, forest ecosystems are smaller and increasingly fragmented and isolated, which has degraded habitat quality in the landscape and reduced carbon stocks in the region. Deforestation and illegal mining were perceived by local communities as the main threats to the provision of several ecosystem services. The most important ecosystem services identified by the communities are related to the provisioning category, such as food, wood products and medicinal plants, as well asregulating services. These results highlight the importance of assessing ecosystem services from different perspectives, in order to provide more robust information to base the development of conservation strategies, management and land use planning, as well as financial incentive strategies for ecosystem conservation or restoration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Espécies arbóreas e suas relações com variáveis climáticas sob influência de deficiência hídrica no solo da floresta de terra firme em Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-04-17) FERNANDES, Ana Maria Moreira; COSTA, Antônio Carlos Lola; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8489039131103228; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-5534
The intensity and frequency of severe droughts in the Amazon region are increasing due to global climate change and may intervene with botanical factors. Thus, this thesis analyzed the floristic composition, richness, diversity, and species’ distributionabundance, besides diametric plant species group increase over time in forestry areas with and without water exclusion in the soil, also relating growth in groups’ dynamics of species with climatic variables. Data were collected in 98 subplots in area A (without water exclusion) and in 98 subplots in area B (with water exclusion), each measuring 10 m x 10 m, in which all plant species with the diameter at breast height (DBH≥10 cm) were inventoried. in both areas, 378 and 356 plant individuals were monitored, respectively, through dendrometric bands that allowed the monthly increment diameter measure of species. The Fabaceae, Sapotaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Burseraceae families were the most representative in the study areas, especially Fabaceae, which displayed the highest richness. A small variation was found in the observed richness in area A, and the community evenness and the diversity index remained constant, while in area B, the variation in richness was greater, which may have contributed to a small change in the diversity index over time. The best ecological models adjusted were Zipf and Zipf-Mandelbrot for areas A and B plant communities, respectively. The average diametric behavior increment of the trees was different between the diameter and the wood density classes in the two analyzed areas. In areas A and B, it was observed that individuals who grouped in the upper diameter class tended to have a higher average annual diameter increase compared to the other medium and low diameter classes, and individuals grouped within the low and high wood density classes’ which presented the highest and lowest average annual increment value, respectively. The meteorological variables‘ wind speed and average temperature showed negative and significant correlations with the monthly diametric increase by diameter and density classes, whereas the active photosynthetic radiation did not present a significant correlation. Considering the high diameter class trees and those grouped within the low- density class since even being submitted to water deficit they continued to have a higher average with a smaller variation of diametric increase concerning the other classes, it is possible to infer that they are more resistant to water deficiency than trees belonging to other diametric and wood density classes. Therefore, it can be concluded that the forest appears to be well established, with high species richness and diversity, and that the water restriction in the soil over the time of ten years of study was not enough to interfere in the conservation status of the environment expressively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fragilidade ambiental na bacia do rio Mocajuba - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02-17) CAVALCANTE, Juliane da Costa; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The hydrographic basin of the Mocajuba River has been densely occupied by the expansion of human activities. In this way, anthropization jeopardizes the permanence of the natural ecosystems and mangroves in this region. In this context, this work presents the dynamics of the landscape in the Mocajuba River basin between 1999 and 2018 and its implications for the natural fragility of the basin and the continuity of the mangroves in this region. To this end, the research is divided into the following items: (1) Analysis of land use and land cover in the hydrographic basin of Rio Mocajuba - PA, using the Object Oriented Classification (GEOBIA) and the Google Earth Engine platform as methods (GHG), in conjunction with the Random Forest classifier. (2) Application of the Potential and Emerging Environmental Fragility methodology, using natural data from the basin (pedology, geological units, altimetry and rainfall) in conjunction with anthropogenic data (land use and cover). (3) Temporal analysis of the mangroves in the basin between 1984 and 2018, observing the expansion and regression of this ecosystem, as well as the anthropic and environmental tensors to which they are susceptible. The land use and land cover classification methodologies presented different quantifications and accuracy. For 1999, the GEOBIA and Random Forest classification presented a Kappa coefficient of 0.79 and 0.92, respectively. For 2018, the coefficient was 0.73 and 0.8, respectively. For both methodologies, the class of Forestry Formation suffered a decrease and Non-Forestry increased. For the Mangrove class, the GEOBIA classification quantified an increase and the Random Forest decrease. In the environmental fragility methodology, the levels of potential and emerging fragility obtained were low, medium and high. Where 19.92%, 76.67% and 3.41% of the basin showed low, medium and high potential fragility, respectively. For emergent fragility, the mangrove and non-forest areas increased the natural fragility of the basin and the forest formation class provided an attenuation of this. In this case, the areas of low, medium and high emerging fragility were quantified at 18.39%, 67.57% and 14.04%, respectively. Mangrove areas decreased between 1984-1999 and 1999-2018. The data presented confirm the expansion of the anthropization of the basin and the interference of human activities in the dynamics and response of the mangroves in the face of natural tensors. As confirmed by the increase in the natural fragility of the basin provided by the expansion of these activities. In this way, the research becomes relevant for providing a systemic analysis between different areas, seeking to understand the functioning of the basin ecosystem, assisting in future research and initiatives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O geopatrimônio da Amazônia Oriental : Fósseis de Salinópolis, Pará, Brasil.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-24) SEPULVREDA, Barbara Alves; COSTA, Sue Anne Regina Ferreira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3629751361208856; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-5148; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
Geoheritage is an extension of geodiversity that comprises elements of geological nature with heritage values, whether educational, scientific or cultural ones. Seeking their preservation, geoconservation comes up with discussions that aim at the protection, management and dissemination of geological heritage in its various forms. When it comes to natural heritage, we also consider the protection of ecosystems and socio-environmental dynamics. In this research, we analyze the geoconservation of the paleontological heritage of the municipality of Salinópolis, state of Pará, Brazil. The goal was to identify and propose subsidies for the conservation of the paleontological geoheritage of Salinópolis, considering the connections between geosciences and society. For this, we carried out a survey of scientific data on the fossils and paleontological sites of the city as well as interviews with representatives of Salinópolis, to check on the demands of public management. We also carried out a quantitative assessment of the paleontological site at Atalaia Beach, aiming its future recognition in the national inventories. It was possible to observe that there is an extensive scientific record of the salinopolitan geoheritage, which has been studied since the 19th century. However, this knowledge is restricted to the academic community, since city managers are unaware of the topic, in addition to the lack of collaboration between research institutions and the city hall. Moreover, the city’s sites are not mentioned in environmental conservation policies, precisely because they do not have formal recognition, although the site has high educational and tourist value in our assessment. Because of the importance of society’s role in the construction of heritage perceptions, it is necessary to change the perspective of science on geoheritage, in order to approach society in a democratic way, building sustainable relationships among science, population and the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
História Ambiental do Alagado do Piry de Jussara, Belém-PA : uma reflexão acerca da ocupação urbana em áreas alagadas.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-20) SILVA, Marcus Vinicius Silva da.; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The city of Belém has suffered since its colonization with irregular occupation over flooded areas or water courses, this problem is still evident and recurring in our city today. This problem is largely attributed to the scarcity of topographically favorable areas and the lack of adequate housing planning. In 1616 (year of the colonization of Belém), historical reports point out that in the region where Avenida Almirante Tamandaré is located today there was a flooded area, called Alagado do Piry de Jussara, however, due to the need for urban expansion, the same was seen as a natural obstacle to the irradiation of the city, and with that, it underwent canalization and grounding processes. Thus, this research aimed to carry out a historical analysis of the region that was once occupied by Alagado do Piry, aiming to understand how this occupation process took place on this natural element, coupled with this, to carry out geomorphological studies that would allow to identify the accident geographic area in which the Alagado was located, in addition to seeking to understand the complex dynamics of the waters (precipitation and tide level) that operated and still operate in the region. At the end of the study, the results obtained corroborated and confirmed the hypothesis that the form of occupation and expansion of the city that has been used since colonization is mistaken, since, in addition to not having adequate housing policies, it does not take into account account of the characteristics of the region, such as low topography, high rainfall, and periodic rising tide; which ends up causing socio-environmental problems such as floods, floods and floods in numerous points in the city of Belém. Furthermore, the study also points to the worsening of these occurrences, since the city of Belém and the Metropolitan Region are among the areas of greater susceptibility to events conditioned by climate change, such as the increase in the average sea level.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Incêndios, degradação e restauração biocultural de florestas sociais na Reserva Extrativista Tapajós-Arapiuns, oeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-30) PEREIRA, Cássio Alves; BARLOW, Jos; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1233-318X
The Amazon plays a central role in the conservation of terrestrial biodiversity, in the provision of ecosystem services of global relevance, such as climate regulation and is the habitat of thousands of traditional communities and indigenous populations. Despite its socio-environmental importance, human activities have caused extensive transformations in the Amazon rainforest and one of the biggest current concerns, in addition to deforestation (clear-cutting of the forest) is forest degradation caused by fire. This thesis addresses the theme of degradation caused by fires in social forests inhabited by indigenous communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve, in the region of Santarém, west of Pará, considered one of the most vulnerable regions to fire in the Amazon region. The research evaluates the perception of indigenous communities about the degradation and changes in social forest conditions caused by forest fires, examines the effect of two consecutive fires (2015 and 2017) on the structure, composition and diversity of forest tree and palm species, and analyzes the possibility of building strategies to prevent future degradation and recover social forests by the biocultural approach that integrates research and traditional knowledge of the indigenous communities. The results showed that consecutive forest fires reduce the biomass of the vegetation and lead to taxonomic homogenization of the forest. Indigenous communities perceive the vulnerability of their territory to the occurrence of forest fires, particularly in times of severe drought. In addition, they recognize social, economic and environmental losses and are willing to act to control the advance of degradation and the recovery of the social forest. Finally, a research and action agenda focused on causes, impacts, management and mitigation of fires in social forests is proposed, which includes pilot initiatives for biocultural restoration, produced jointly with the communities. These initiatives should contain goals, approaches and technologies capable of empowering economically, socially and politically and integrating the action of indigenous communities, non-governmental organizations, public agencies, academia and research agencies and the public power in order to expand the approach to biocultural restoration related to forest fires in the Amazon and produce globally relevant knowledge and lessons.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças de uso e cobertura da terra e vulnerabilidade ambiental da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Arauaí, Moju/PA.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-28) SANTOS, Bruna Mykaelle Pereira; SILVA, José Francisco Berrêdo Reis da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-2462
The investments that Pará started to receive from the launch of the Agroecological Zoning of Palm Oil and the Program for Sustainable Production of Palm Oil (PPSOP), in 2010, made possible the expressive expansion of the palm culture in the northeast of Pará, where it found conditions ideal climate for this. Since then, national and international companies have been installed along the highways of Pará aiming at agricultural exploitation. In this context, the Arauaí River Basin (BHRA) is inserted, in the municipality of Moju/Pará, Eastern Amazon. In view of the panorama, the present research seeks to quantify and map the spatial distribution of the levels of environmental vulnerability of the BHRA caused by human activities and natural aspects, having as main aid the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) statistical methodology developed by Saaty (1980) and geoprocessing, in addition, the change in land use and cover is sought, having as a time frame the Program for Sustainable Production of Palm Oil (PPSOP) with the help of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing. Based on the results, it was possible to define areas with 5 different degrees of environmental vulnerability - Very Low, Low, Moderate, High and Very High, in addition to verifying that the amount of area converted to oil palm was basically the same in the pre-PPSOP and post-PPSOP period, with the change being due to the amount of area converted from primary forest to oil palm, which decreased in the post-PPSOP period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O papel de espécies arbóreas e fatores edáficos na variação espacial do sistema serapilheira em uma floresta de terra firme na Amazônia: conhecimento e perspectivas para a conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-11-13) QUEIROZ, Maria Elisa Ferreira de; LAVELLE, Patrick; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5850683517396587; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-8822
The dense ombrophilous forest, also known as tropical rain forest, is a formation that presents great complexity in the composition, distribution and density of species and occupies a good part of the Brazilian Amazon. In the region, the differences between plant communities and animals form a mosaic divided into eight areas or centers of endemism, separated by the main rivers, with their own biota and evolutionary relationships, three of which (Belém, Xingu and Tapajós) are entirely Brazilian. The Belém endemism center is the most threatened by deforestation and small-scale local investigations are essential to understand the effects of this disturbance on the functioning of the forest. The decomposition of litter is one of the key factors of this functioning and occurs in a hierarchical sequence of interaction processes mediated by climatic factors (temperature and humidity), physical properties of the soil, chemical limitations related to the sources of resources and biological regulation (micro and macroorganisms). In this research, it was discovered that sensitive changes in the structure of a primary forest threatened by urban growth, caused by the intensity of the natural succession dynamics, altered the humus system, since the organisms' competition for nutrients depleted the soil during the regeneration of areas affected by falling trees. Thus, the physical-chemical conditions of the forest soil became a selective filter of tree species and the major factors in the decomposition hierarchy, since temperature and humidity had little variation in the system. Then, leaves of specific tree species of the humus system, which formed a finer structure, determined the diversity of saprotrophic fungi positively related to the better quality of these leaves and the soil. Conversely, where the litter morphology was thicker and more structured, there was an increase in the diversity of litter transforming macrofauna, to the detriment of earthworm populations, which preferred higher quality leaves and soil. Soilplant-decomposer interactions are indicators of decomposition speed in humus systems, with consequent formation of mosaics of litter spots with different decomposition dynamics. Thus, places where humus function was classified as Mesomull or Oligomull were characterized by soils with a high available carbon content and good cation exchange capacity. Mull type humus systems are sensitive to variations in soil quality and earthworm activity. This explained the change to the Dysmull humus system in areas with large leaves, characterized by low nutrient availability, as confirmed in the soils of these places, although a slow functioning may indicate a conservative state of organic matter. The methodology proved to be favorable to predict changes at different scales that may affect the forest restoration.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Percepção ambiental sobre mudanças climáticas em comunidades costeiras na Amazônia, ameaças ao bem-estar e sobrevivência local: um estudo na Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-04) ASSIS, Davison Marcio Silva de; MARTINS, Ana Cláudia Caldeira Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6547250062275801; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4972-036X; GODOY, Bruno Spacek; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4036516695601666; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9751-9885
Climate change, a global phenomenon with serious consequences for ecosystems, is affecting nature and the human populations that live in it and depend on its goods and services on a large scale, and coastal areas, being more exposed to the effects of this phenomenon, have been affected to an unprecedented extent. The reduction in the services provided by these areas has a direct impact on the way of life of the human populations living there, who have established a relationship of dependence on nature and its resources. The Marine Extractive Reserve of Soure, located on the coast of the Eastern Amazon, is characterized by the fact that it encompasses an area composed of three traditional communities whose way of life is based on a sustainable and subsistence relationship with nature. Despite its location in a protected area and its sustainable practices, the effects of climate change may pose serious threats. In this context, this work, which is characterized as interdisciplinary research, raised perceptions about climate change and sought to understand, in the light of these perceptions, how residents associate changes in the flow of goods and services from coastal ecosystems with this phenomenon. The raised perceptions reveal the high level of agreement for the occurrence of climate change. Although the communities demonstrate sustainable practices in resource use and management, the perceptions indicate that the global impacts of climate change can be felt at the local level and affect the provision of natural resources. High perceptions are shaped by age, length of residence, and degree of dependence on the goods and services of the coastal ecosystem, indicating that people who are older, live longer in one of the communities, and consequently have greater dependence on the resources, are the ones with the highest perceptions. These variables, which explain the high perceptions found, reinforce that the construction of these perceptions is based on traditional knowledge, which is the result of an intense relationship with nature and its resources, safeguarding the history, culture and identity of local peoples.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Políticas públicas e a configuração do bioma Amazônia no antropoceno: uma análise do desmatamento em múltiplas escalas de espaço e tempo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-10-13) COELHO, Andréa dos Santos; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Projetos minerários na Amazônia: avaliação prospectiva dos impactos socioambientais provenientes de grandes empreendimentos.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-25) CARVALHO, Salma Saráty de; SILVA JUNIOR, Renato Oliveira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9901726764975912; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8875-6299; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187
The Amazon consists of a region recognized worldwide for its significant biodiversity, freshwater source, cultural diversity, territorial extension and mineral riches. Over the years, several municipalities have been going through the process of spatial reconfiguration due to the socio-environmental changes caused by the expansion of the borders of large enterprises and their respective significant environmental impacts. The Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA corresponds to a document presented as part of the environmental feasibility assessment in the environmental licensing process of a potentially and/or effectively polluting activity/enterprise, among which mining is included. The objective of this thesis was to analyze the methodologies for forecasting significant environmental impacts identified in the EIA's of mining projects and to verify the socio-environmental changes linked to the enterprises in Parauapebas municipality. Bibliographic reviews, documentary analyses of EIA's available in environmental agencies, analysis of series histories of socioeconomic indicators, application of comparative matrix and use of the Lee & Colley method for analysis of the quality of predictions were performed. The results present reflections on the process of occupation of the Amazon territory by large enterprises, the profile of the methods of predicting environmental impacts in the Amazon in the last 25 years, impacts predicted in EIA's of mineral extraction, quality of impact prediction methodologies and the prospective socio-environmental impacts triggered in Parauapebas. Finally, the research presented the relevance of the EIA's for environmental licensing as a preventive document, but it was also relevant in the environmental post-licensing for the management of natural resources and guarantee of the quality of life of society, attesting to the environmental viability of the enterprise in all its phases.