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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2854

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) integra o Instituto de Geocências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental) iniciou suas atividades em 2005 com o Mestrado Acadêmico e em 2011 com o Doutorado Acadêmico.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Acidentes com transportes hidroviários e os extremos meteorológicos no nordeste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) SANTOS, Suanne Honorina Martins dos; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
This study analyzed the accidents with waterway transport passengers and cargo in the period 2008 to 2013, as a result of extreme weather occurring in the northeast Amazon, often with serious consequences the structure of vessels and especially the loss of human life. Based on data from the Flagship of the Eastern Amazon Ports, referring to the investigation of accidents facts of navigation, can be characterized in that period these accidents occur more and the distribution of these accidents in time and space, through sub-areas called 1, 2 and 3, where they are ranked the most common accidents in Subarea 1 type shipwreck where the basin of Marajó is located with features of larger rivers, in Subarea 2 and 3 of collision type where the morphological characteristics of rivers are narrower as well, in addition to these results was obtained in relation to rainfall in the rainy season (December to May) as the most responsible for accidents occurring during this period that suffers strong influence of precipitation systems as the Intertropical Convergence Zone, Mesoscale Convective Systems, instability lines and vortex of Advanced Levels and the less rainy season (June to December) the wind is regarded as the main variable that causes accidents in the waterway mode, especially during the intensification of the northeast trade winds, which are a free atmosphere of instability, accidents tend to occur more frequently in the time from 12 to 24 hours. Thus, with the precipitation climatology with the National Institute of Meteorology data, one can show through the climatology of the precipitation field of study, decreased quantity of deeper into sub-areas of the continent. The wind in the less rainy period acts with greater intensity in Subarea 1, the highest number of victims focuses on children and adults, mostly with men. It also presented an approach based on the socioeconomic aspects inherent risks of naval vessels with steel hulls and wood, the latter being the reality of the Amazon, which ultimately victims the more people and have more easily collapse structure, thus being potential threat to safety of navigation of cargo and passengers taking into account socioeconomic characteristics, although the vessels with the highest number of accidents has been pushers ferries built in naval steel. In this sense, the primary aid weather forecasting may decrease the favorable conditions for the occurrence of accidents with waterways vessels, because the lack of atmospheric conditions by those who pilot vessels is notoriously poor, because this lack of knowledge the chances of accidents are high, influencing the socioeconomic aspects of passengers and owners of vessels navigating the rivers belonging to the Marajó Bay, Tocantins, Pará and Amazonas river, which were the waterways studied in this dissertation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aerossóis de queimadas e internações hospitalares por doenças respiratórias em crianças no Estado do Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-05-31) MOURA, Maurício do Nascimento; SILVA, Glauber Guimarães Cirino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4792139391237534; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1105-7603; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
According to WHO, for every four deaths of children under 5 years, one is related to environmental pollution, which is equivalent to 93% of children living in environments with polluted atmosphere worldwide. This research investigated the variability of fires and hospital admissions for respiratory diseases in children under 9 years of age, in a region deeply marked by changes in land use across the planet, with consecutive years in the ranking of deforestation, followed by fire of forest biomass: the state of Para. Eighteen years of time series of climatic variables, PM2.5, AOD and health were analyzed for two Para municipalities located in regions with very different environmental and social characteristics, through an ecological study of epidemiological character. In general, the two places analyzed showed an increase in the hospitalization rate in the second semester of each year of the historical series, despite Santarem showing high numbers of these records throughout the year. The climate also played an important role in increasing the incidence of respiratory syndromes, because it makes the environment conducive to fire action, however, the results showed that years without significant climatic anomalies can also present high records of fires and PM2.5. When these relationships were analyzed in just one year and with a record of fires, a clearer combination between the investigated variables was found, with good statistical correlation, as well as a surprising and worrying increase in fires in the municipality of Santarem, even surpassing Maraba, a municipality that has always been ahead with the highest values of deforestation, fires and air pollution. Maraba perceives the effects of fires in advance, in general, two months before Santarem, and this situation is explained by the geographic location, degree of forest preservation, response to climatic fluctuations, industrial activity and public policy action. A sample taken from the time series showed that Maraba reaches, at the height of the dry season, attention and emergency levels for PM2.5, thus presenting low air quality. Santarem did not register alarming levels, but daily monitoring detected many days with levels above the permitted level, in accordance with the standards established by environmental legislation. The levels of pollution detected can increase the number of outcomes for respiratory diseases, overloading the state's public health system.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Alagamento e inundação urbana: modelo experimental de avaliação de risco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-18) SANTOS, Flávio Augusto Altieri dos; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This study aimed to develop an experimental model for assessing risk of flooding and flood to Bethlehem, based on the model of digital terrain elevation, the runoff hydrograph and the peak flow of the main drainage channel of the river basin. We used GIS tools to systematize the vector data on the units occupied by buildings, roads and the axis of altimetric quotas to generate a digital terrain model. The development of the system was customized by programming language, aiming to facilitate and simplify the operation of the processing routines of the equations defined for the implementation of the hydrological model. The hydrologic model basin was subdivided into cells of 25m², and each one was given his share of high and calculated their runoff based on the percentage of impermebialização of each. The peak discharge channel was obtained on field trips at two different situations: during rainfall events of high intensity and one without the influence of rain. For these two conditions, it was also evaluated the influence of the tide of the Guamá River on the main channel of the basin. The consistency of the model was found from the sensitivity test performed for each variable used and validated based on data from some rainfall events that was checked by journalistic and photographic records obtained in the field. The results indicate that the applied hydrologic model, and the developed system are efficient and effective to be applied as a tool for risk assessment of flooding and flood.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade da água do rio Guamá e suas interfaces climáticas e socioambientais em São Miguel do Guamá, nordeste paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-25) MARINHO, Eduardo Ribeiro; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
This work aims to understand the relation of water quality in a section of theGuamáriver, with the climatic, anthropic and social aspects in the municipality of. Thus, six collections were made at three distinct points located on the border between the municipalities of São Miguel do Guamá and Irituia; Point A (River bottom), Point B (River center) and Point C (River bottom), for two months in 2015 (Feb / Jul), in 2016 (Jan / Jun) and 2017 (Feb / Jul). These points represent the existence of human activities on the banks of the river; the red ceramic industry; domestic sewage and logging. For this, the physical chemical indicators of water quality were analyzed; pH, dissolved oxygen (mg / L), electrical conductivity (μS / cm -1), total dissolved solids (mg / L), water temperature (ºC) and turbidity (NTU). In addition to the monthly and daily atmospheric data of the Southern Oscillation Index and the CMORPH precipitation, respectively.For the calculation of the flow of the Guamá river (m³ / s) the method of regionalization of minimum flows in basins through interpolation in geographic information system. The socio-environmental indicators of HDI-M, coverage by water supply system (%), coverage by sewage system (%), diarrhea morbidity and gastroenteritis (number of hospitalizations) and surface water availability were used for the social analysis. m³ / s) in the period from 1991 to 2010. For analysis of the data, we applied the multivariate statistical analysis - Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the linear regression method, by obtaining Pearson 's linear correlation coefficient (r). The main results are: strong positive and negative correlations between precipitation, flow and water quality indicators during the extreme climatic El Niño 2015-2016. In the study of the social aspect, there were strong correlations between the data of HDI-M with the water supply system (%), sewage network (%), surface water availability (m³ / s). In general, the research sought to make an analysis of the water quality of the Guamáriver based on the interdisciplinary aspect, showing the pioneering study for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da variabilidade espaço-temporal da precipitação e focos de calor em vegetação na ilha Hispaniola.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-08-07) PRÉVOIR, Ermano; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
Insular or island countries located in Central America and the Caribbean are vulnerable to variability and climate change. This work presents a contribution to climatological studies, particularly of the Hispaniola Antilles of the Caribbean Sea, formed by the countries of the Republic of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, covering an area of 78 thousand km². Based on the analysis of precipitation from the CHIRPS base with high spatial resolution, a bimodal climate pattern was found in Haiti and the Dominican Republic with the first rainfall peak occurring in May and the second in September/October. The dry regime occurs from January to March. The spatial patterns of the climatological maps and the correlation analysis indicated that the seasonal precipitation regimes of the Antilles are directly influenced by the configuration of the SST and the trade winds in the Caribbean Sea over the Atlantic Ocean, with the main maximum of the second semester being explained by the presence warmer TSM (above 29C) and by the cloudiness band associated with ITCZ during its most boreal position. The quantitative assessment of the correlations (simultaneous and lagged) between rainfall data and vegetation indexes and vegetation fires, as well as the integrated analysis of the mapping of these variables over the Hispaniola territory, allowed to establish consistent relationships in the dynamics of climate, vegetation and fires. Dominican Republic has much higher numbers of fires when compared to those in Haiti, with the highest frequency of events taking place from January to April, when the dry regime over the Antilles prevails. Conversely, during peak rainfall in the second half of the year, fires are minimal and are concentrated in the months from August to December. As for the vegetation indices, there is a certain direct relationship with the climatic regime, so that the higher NDVI are observed into regions containing maximum precipitation and vice versa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de alguns parâmetros de qualidade da água na baía do Guajará em Belém-PA e os efeitos do regime pluviométrico e de marés
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-27) ARAÚJO, Vívian Evelyne Silva; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
Belém is located in the estuarine region, conformed by the Guajarino Estuary, which integrates the Marajoara Gulf, whose fluvial environment is formed at the confluence of the rivers Pará, Tocantins, Acará and Guamá (IPEA, 2016). The water level of the Guajarino Estuary presents fluctuations associated with the seasonal effect (seasonal variations of the rain in the hydrological basins) and the tide (variations of the tide level). The elaboration of this study is due to the fact that the seasonal variations seem to be associated to the environmental changes, that occur in the ecosystem, such as the effect of hydrological seasonality - tides and rainfall. The present study will analyze the physico-chemical components of the Guajará Bay water, relating them to the tides and the hydrological dynamics of the Guamá and Pará rivers, also in this research will be made the analysis of the role of precipitation in the alteration of the water bay physicochemical components. Initially, a descriptive statistic was made, verifying the values of the averages, of the maximum and minimum, facilitating to observe which are in agreement with the current resolution of CONAMA 357/2005. It was also applied the statistical method of Pearson correlation to evaluate the degree of relationship between variables, the correlation was first studied between physico-chemical parameters, thus, it was observed that the parameters that have a strong positive correlation were the electrical conductivity, TDS and salinitiy. The other parameters did not presented significative correlation, demonstrating that they were independent of each other. When applying the correlation between the physical-chemical parameters and the rainfall, no positive or negative correlation was found between these variables, meaning that the role of the rainfall city of Belém, was not mostly important in the variation of the physico-chemical components of the bay and this was also the case for the relationship between the parameters and the tide heights. The behavior graphs of the physical-chemical parameters, in relation to rainfall, showed that among the nine parameters analyzed, six parameters were altered, such as: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity, OD and Turbidity. These parameters have changed due to precipitation. The results of the parameters regardind the tides were observed among the nine parameters studied, decreasing the temperature, and increasing the values of electrical conductivity, TDS, salinity and turbidity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de tendências de variáveis hidroclimáticas na bacia hidrográfica Araguaia-Tocantins e suas implicações na agricultura irrigada
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-28) SALAME, Camil Wadih; BARBOSA, Joaquim Carlos; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6045-0984
The Araguaia-Tocantins Hydrographic Basin (BHAT) is the most extensive in drainage area within the Brazilian territory, with processes of use and occupation increasing in terms of the demands of agribusiness and mineral exploration. In this research, a statistical study was carried out on the hydroclimatic trends (precipitation and flow) in BHAT and its relations with irrigated agriculture. The hydroclimatic mapping based on cluster analysis identified four homogeneous regions within the BHAT, two to the north with a predominance of high rainfall/flow rates and less water availability. In the BHTA the rainy regime occurs between December to March and the dry regime between May and September. The months of October/November (dry to rainy) and April (rainy to dry) are transitional penods with pronounced variations in the seasonal cycle. The geostatistical study of rainfall/river flow forecast revealed that the results using the Box-Jenkings model are relatively better when compared to the Artificial Neural Networks model. The integrated approach of hydroclimatic variables with agricultural data within the BHTA revealed a significant pattern of negative trends in rainfall and flows that are spatially consistent in regions of intense productivity of com and soybeans and cattle. A relevant result was the detection of a significant spatial correlation between the number of central pivots (irrigation) in regions with low water availability, which favor the productivity of temporary crops.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do impacto das mudanças climáticas nas unidades de conservação dos manguezais amazônicos na Costa Atlântica Brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-06-28) SOUSA, Marina Costa de; ANJOS, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0244738999001686; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3270-6679; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The Amazonian mangroves are subject to various climate impacts, demanding conservation and adaptation actions. The objectives of this study are to assess the vulnerability of the Amazonian mangrove Protected Areas (PAs) to climate change, provide climate prediction data for the region, and analyze if the PAs are effectively fulfilling their role in protecting these ecosystems. To achieve these objectives, data from MapBiomas were used to delimit the mangrove area, data from the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) were used to identify the PAs within the mangroves, data from WorldClim were used to obtain information on mean annual temperature (BIO1) and accumulated precipitation (BIO12), and Above Ground Biomass (AGB) data were used. The processing was carried out using ArcGIS, QGIS, and RStudio software. The results revealed a trend of increasing temperature over time, while accumulated precipitation showed a decreasing trend across different scenarios and periods. These patterns indicate that protected mangroves may face a continuous increase in temperature and a reduction in precipitation by the end of the century. The higher temperature contributes to increased energy availability, playing a fundamental role in regulating evapotranspiration in mangrove forests. On the other hand, reduced precipitation has a negative impact on salinity, productivity, growth, and species diversity in mangroves. The study also assessed the PAs that protect mangrove forests in the Amazon region, along with Above Ground Biomass (AGB) representing the amount of carbon stored in trees. The results showed that 80.2% of the mangroves are included within PAs, with higher protection in the state of Maranhão, followed by Amapá and Pará. However, there was variation in AGB among the evaluated states, with an increase in Amapá and Pará and a decrease in Maranhão. It is crucial to implement more effective management and conservation measures to address the challenges posed by climate change in these coastal ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do regime hidrológico e da disponibilidade hídrica da Bacia do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-25) AGUIAR, Rogério de Souza; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The Amazon lives year after year the dynamics of Floods and lowing in its rivers. However, significant variability of river discharges in the face of historical series of climate data has become more persistent over the years. This study aims to analyze the influence of the temporal variability in the basin scale on the Amazon river regime, based on the flows observed in the hydrological station of the Agência Nacional de Águas - ANA, located in Óbidos, State of Pará, in a historical series of January / 1970 to December / 2013. Besides the time, the study analyzed the intensity of oceanic mechanisms on the Brazilian Amazon basin in each year of the series. As expected, time influenced the annual interannual flow rate of 98.723 m3/s for the 44 years of the analyzed series. However, the average flow rate of the Amazon River was around 134.000 m3/s, with a peak flow rate of 105.000 m3/s (as occurred in November) in the hydrological regime of effluent up to an order of 239.000 m3/s (as in June) in the flood regime. It was also identified that El Niño and La Niña phenomena modulated extreme climatic events causing negative and positive SST anomalies differentiated over the Amazon basin, between 1970 and 2013, with a significant relation in the effluent and flood flows. The interannual analysis showed that the years of low registered flows, had the characteristic of persistence of occurrence in relation to the registered high flows. At the end of the analyzed period, from 1989, there was a seasonal increase in relation to the average amplitude of the flow of 87.727 m3/s due to the strong minimum levels recorded. When analyzing the normalized flow, it was observed the persistence of low flow in the current year of the El Niño phenomenon and also of the following year. After verifying this below-average persistence of flow in the series studied, the research sought to investigate the storage and availability factors of the Amazon River. In determining the water availability of the Amazon River, the Percentis method (specifically the quantum order Q95%) was used. The analyzes of the available flows obtained by the 95% quantile show that the years of the El Niño phenomenon did not reflect the decrease in the flow of the Amazon River in all years of the series, since there were years of occurrence that did not present critical indices of water availability. It was concluded that the flow behavior in the Amazon basin was influenced by positive and negative SST anomalies modulated by the intensity of El Niño and La Niña, and there was not sufficient water availability for the maintenance of the ecosystems of the Amazon basin. Thus the study showed that naturally the annual flows of the Amazon River do not reach, in their totality, the minimum value determined for the historical series by the law. In addition to that the hydrological variabilities in the Amazon are not caused only by the phenomena of El Niño or La Niña.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise dos fluxos turbulentos de CO2 e energia entre o ecossistema aquático e atmosfera na Flona de Caxiuanã-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-02-26) SOUZA FILHO, José Danilo da Costa; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
This research investigated turbulent fluxes of CO2 and energy at the interface of the Caxiuanã bay – atmosphere in the Caxiuanã National Forest (FLONA) located in the Eastern Amazon under influence of atmospheric variables, the bay dimension and the temperature gradient at the interface bay-atmosphere, during the years of 2013 and 2014. The data used in this study were obtained on average 7 meters above the water slide from a micrometeorological tower, installed in the Caxiuanã bay. Measures of fluxes of CO2 (FCO2), sensible heat (H) and latent heat (Le) were collected through a turbulent vortices system. Meteorological data were collected by an automatic weather station. It was verified that the precipitation registered in the studied years was superior to climatic standards. The average hourly water temperature of the bay was always higher than the air temperature over the months. The mean monthly vertical temperature gradient at the bay - atmosphere interface was always positive, reaching the highest and lowest values in the rainy and dry period, respectively. The results show a strong seasonal pattern in the partition of the energy balance to heat the atmosphere (H) and for the evaporation process (Le). In the FCO2 analysis we can verify a clear seasonal pattern with the rainy and dry period of the region, that is, the magnitudes of FCO2, both emission and sequestration by the bay, are higher in the rainy months when compared to the dry months.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise socioambiental do município de Belém, Pará: elementos para uma sustentabilidade urbana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-17) MOREIRA, Fernanda da Silva de Andrade; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401
In recent centuries, the world witnessed "economic progress" at the expense of the exploitation of natural resources and significant urban growth, almost always disorderly, forming unprepared cities that can not manage properly and thus welcome the huge human contingent and absorb the social demands, making their populations vulnerable. In the city of Belém, which is one of the great cities of the Amazon, with more than one million inhabitants, the population is subject to a series of ills. The territory is permeated by a series of problems, be it social, economic and / or environmental, which prevents the city from reconciling the human-nature relationship and reaching the long-awaited sustainability. Thus, the present work aimed to map the social and environmental conditions of the city of Belém, on a macro scale, and a comparative analysis of two neighborhoods of the urban spot, Guamá and Nazaré, and based on this diagnosis, indicate Urban Planning methodology, which make that relationship compatible. The results pointed to precarious environmental and social conditions in the city of Belém, especially in the urban spot, which presents an urban space marked by degradation. These inadequate conditions can and should be addressed through Public Policies that incorporate environmental issues into their agendas, including the participation of society in decision making. Going further, it is necessary to guarantee apparatuses for an effective inspection of public organs, as well as of all citizens.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aspectos geoambientais e climáticos da sub-bacia do rio Guamá no Nordeste Paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-12-15) BARBOSA, Ivan Carlos da Costa; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-5318
The sub-basin of the Guamá River (SBGR) is located in the Mesoregion of the Northeast more specifically in the microregion of Guamá, covers 12 municipalities and has presented a relevant economic and social growth. The Guamá River has economic, social and cultural importance for the municipalities of the region, because for it converge all drainage network composed of small tributaries and large tributaries inserted. Thus, the objective of the research was to evaluate the integration of climate, environmental and water variables with the current transformations of land use and occupation in the area of the sub-basin of the Guamá River, in northeastern Pará. Initially, the estimates of precipitation derived from satellites (remote sensing) for the SBGR area were evaluated and the observations provided by the National Water Agency were compared. Then were mapped and evaluated the different uses and land occupations in the SBGR in order to establish environmental vulnerability from the relationship of physical and biotic elements and their ecodynamics. Finally, the dynamics of physical and chemical parameters of the surface water of the Guamá River were evaluated as a function of seasonal and spatial variability. It was concluded that the data provided by remote databases overestimated by 12% and 13% (CHIRPS and GPCC, respectively) the data observed by pluviometers. However, despite the overestimation of rainfall, it was possible to obtain reliable and satisfactory data from the databases by remote sensing. As for land use and occupation, there was a higher amount of area (57%) characterized as exposed soil and ground vegetation, and a lower amount of area (42%) characterized as dense or secondary vegetation cover. Thus, it was noted the occurrence of areas with high environmental vulnerability (northern portion represented by the urban centers of cities like Ourém and São Miguel do Guamá) and very high (southern portion) as a result of land use and occupation associated with anthropic activities. The areas classified as low or very low vulnerability (central and southern portion), less vulnerable to environmental degradation, were associated with the presence of vegetation cover composed of primary and secondary forest, and less human presence. As for the hydrochemical variables of the surface water of the Guamá River, high spatial heterogeneity was observed along the 12 sampling points, the existence of upward and downward trends in the upstream to downstream direction and the influence of the seasonality of the region. Finally, it is a priority that the results of this research promote benefits to the population of the various localities visited and serve as a guiding instrument for public policies aimed at the conservation of natural resources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da ação da precipitação nas erosões na área urbana do município de Rondon do Pará-PA, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-24) ROSA, Amanda Gama; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
The events of natural disasters have received much attention in recent years due to their magnitude and intensity, as well as the effect they have had on the population. The urban population is one of the most affected, especially the one that occupies inappropriate areas within the cities, like slopes, floodplain areas, areas without adequate drainage, among others. One of the most recurrent events in urban areas and that are in evidence in the State of Pará are the erosive processes. And it is in the Pará context, more specifically in the urban territory of the city of Rondon do Pará (mesoregion southeast Paraense), that this work was developed, in order to generate information about these events for the public power and for the resident population, that has been suffering with the consequence of these disasters. For this, initially, the behavior of the rain and its effects on the erosions in the region was evaluated, through the analysis of the Provisional Normal generated for the place, based on data from the CMORPH satellites, the Hydrological Balance and the analysis of a study of case of events registered in the city. Subsequently, through the calculation and analysis of rain erosivity (R) from 1999 to 2015 and with projections for 2035, its return period and probability of occurrence, it was searched to identify which period of the year and in which years the loss due to erosion is most likely. Based on the analysis of the distribution and behavior of rainfall in the region, it was observed, through provisional normal, that the hydrological year starts in October with the rainy season and ends in September with the aim of drought, being the month of March the wettest and August the less rainy. The hydrological balance showed surplus water in the months from January to April and water deficiency from June to November, with replacement from December with the return of the rains. The cases of erosion presented annual distribution similar to the distribution of precipitation, indicating its great influence on them. Individual analysis of cases showed that erosion may be due as much precipitation occurred on the day of the event as accumulated in the five days prior to the event, the latter being the most common case. Regarding the analysis of erosivity, it was observed that, based on the analyzes from 1999 to 2015, the value of the R factor was 16,390 MJ mm ha-1h-1year-1, with a probability of 47% being equaled or exceeded at least one once every 2.1 years. In the period from 2016 to 2035, the R value was 13,038 MJ mm ha-1h-1year-1. Between February to April and January to April, the largest soil losses are likely for 1999-2015 and 2016-2035, respectively. From the analyzes carried out in this work, it was possible to indicate which periods of the year in which more quantity and intensity of erosive events are expected.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da contaminação por mercúrio na foz do Rio Tapajós e exposição ambiental à população de Santarém-PA, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-10-06) SOUSA, Enilson da Silva; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
In the last decades of the twentieth century, academic work focused on discussion of the mercury problem in the Brazilian Amazon pointed to a mercury contamination of anthropogenic origin, especially from artisanal gold mining prospecting activities. In the mid-1990s and early years of this century, with the advancement of research in the field of geochemistry focused on this discussion, point to a possible geogenic origin of this contamination, and environmental exposure of the local population would be related to protein intake of animal origin, from the fish and work activities. The aim of this study is to analyze the speciation of Hg and methylmercury in soil and particulate matter in the mouth of the Tapajós River, and perception, mobilization capacity and political action on contamination by this metal of the population of Santarém; Elaborate mercury maps from spatially distributed data using up geostatistics to infer results for the location and risk of contamination of the metal along the mouth of the Tapajós River, Santarém-Pa.; and maps of contamination probability that this metal, which enabled the classification and quantification of contaminated areas for different confidence levels in and around the mouth of the Tapajós River; and quantify and evaluate the total mercury concentrations in water and particulate matter and hypotheses about the origin of this contamination in the Tapajos bay. The methodological procedures included the making location maps, georeferencing of points of collection and identification of the search area; Application Integrated Questionnaires for Measuring Social Capital Index - SC-IQ, proposed by the World Bank; Maps of the quantify the mercury concentrations in the study area and prepare maps of the spatial distribution of concentrations; and maps of the spatial distribution of concentrations and use of geostatistics (factorial kriging), which enabled the development of maps at different scales of variability associated with anthropogenic or geogenic origin activities. Two campaigns one in July and December 2014, with 37 and 45 sampling points in each were conducted. The results point to a possible contamination of the area at some points, with indexes to the top of the type recommended by the resolution n. 357/2005, of CONAMA. The results of the factorial kriging point to the possibility that mercury concentrations are associated with the natural environment itself, although it may have contributions due to human activity such as mining and industrial activities in the basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da influência da precipitação pluviométrica no mapeamento das características da paisagem do sítio arqueológico AP-MA-05/Amapá e sua importância social e histórica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-22) ALBUQUERQUE, Jéssica Lisboa de; QUEIROZ, Joaquim Carlos Barbosa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4383935463464893
This study evaluated the influence of rainfall in mapping landscape features of the archaeological site AP-MA-05 and the contribution of its social importance and historical. To obtain the data was used geophysical method of electrical resistivity in an area of UNIFAP (Federal University of Amapá) of 10 x 20 meters. The rainfall data were collected in INMET station Macapá. Data analysis was performed with use of statistical and geostatistical methods. In rainy season, the soil resistivity presented a minimum of 198.7 ohm.m and maximum values of up to 3946 ohm.m, averaging 1188.87 ohm.m. In the less rainy season observed values were 394 ohm.m (minimum) and 5863 ohm.m (maximum), averaging 2078.31 ohm.m. This shows the influence of rainfall on the apparent resistivity, since the more intense were the rains that occurred at the time of obtaining data, minors were the values of electrical resistivity. A survey on the social perception of the UNIFAP students and interviews with teachers responsible for the site in question, it was found that the level of awareness of students varies according to the course of affinity degree in archeology.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação monetária dos prejuízos causados por chuvas intensas nas cidades de Belém do Pará, Brasil e Carrillo de Guanacaste, Costa Rica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-22) ROSALES MENDOZA, Ronaldo; MOTA, Maria Aurora Santos da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5817549281617240
The direct material losses of the residents of the cities of Belém do Pará, Brazil and Carrillo de Guanacaste, Costa Rica in the period 2000-2016 it´s evaluated due to extreme rainfall. Using the method of abduction and using dates of INMET, INM, IBGE, INEC, the natural, social and economic condition of the residents of the affected areas was identified, which served as the basis for the calculation. Constructed the water footprint index (Ipa) and the Environmental Average Material Monetary Assessment (AMA) the equation estimate loss after knowing the precipitation data of the event day. The monetary evaluation of the extreme event happened in the city of Belém on January 4, 2017, the INMET reported rainfall was 94.6 mm, and estimated water footprint reached 0.90 meters high, the loss estimated for the city was 122,106,834 Reference Monetary Units (UMR). In the city of Carrillo was evaluated the event of October 5, 2017, the rainfall reported by INM was 148.6 mm, the water footprint was 2.1 meters high, the estimated loss for neighborhood residents Bamboo is 3,094,579 UMR. Then, the index as the applied equation show effective for the calculation of the direct material monetary damages in the area reached after an extreme precipitation event. Limiting the calculation of the loss suffered by the population in vulnerable condition and without evaluating other related factors such as permanence, force and speed of water; the value of intangibles (interruption of services, illnesses) in both the affected area and the impact areas. In spite of this, the result is used to make preventive, corrective, and operative actions in a city.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Benefícios ambientais e econômicos de sistemas agroflorestais de Tomé-Açu, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-22) SUZUKI, Patrícia Mie; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2364-8822
The global demand for food and the advance of climate change generate pressure for sustainable production systems that generate multiple benefits. Agroforestry systems (AFS) are productive models with the potential to meet the demands of society and the environment. In this sense, this research aimed to evaluate agroforestry systems' contribution to climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and income generation in the municipality of Tomé-Açu, Pará. Twelve areas of multi-stratified AFS were selected and a 30 x 30-meter plot was installed in each system. An agroforestry inventory and an interview with the producer about the socioeconomic profile and environmental perception of the AFSs were carried out. The data were used to evaluate the influence of plant richness and other variables on the benefits of "Mitigation of climate change", "Biodiversity conservation" and "Income generation", through the indicators aboveground biomass carbon stock, Shannon index (H') and gross income, respectively. For this, we used Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to select the variables and linear regression to create the models. All data from the agroforestry inventory and the statistical analyses were performed in the R 4.2.2 computing environment. In general, 83% of the farmers reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the economic return on the AFSs, in addition to citing several environmental services. Richness (S) per system ranged from 3 to 11 species and Shannon diversity index (H') between 0.55 and 1.77. The average carbon stock of the aboveground biomass in the studied AFSs was 45.2 Mg ha-1, with a variation between 27.4 and 63.0 Mg ha-1. The values of carbon stock in the cocoa, cupuaçu, açaí, dendê, and other components were statistically similar, but differed significantly from the carbon stock found in the forest component (gl=2; χ2=71.7; p=1.834e-13). The average value of annual gross income from the sale of these producers was R$13,758, 53/ha and ranged between R$1,687.50 and R$26,250/ha. In the systems with oil palm (AFSs A1, A2 and A3), the palm tree considerably increased the gross income of the AFSs, contributing 58, 48 and 78% of the total income, respectively, despite the low density of individuals, with an average of 69 ind ha-1, in the areas, in comparison with the other main species. In this study, it was not possible to confirm the influence of plant richness on the generation of climate benefits, biodiversity conservation, and income generation. However, other variables influenced the benefits of the analyzed AFSs. "SAF type", "oil palm density" and "shade species density" performed best on carbon stock, Shannon diversity index and gross income, respectively. As for the benefit scores, in general, most of the AFSs showed unevenly distributed scores for each benefit. Therefore, we conclude that plant richness was not the variable that influenced the benefits evaluated, but rather a set of variables analyzed, ratifying the complexity of Tomé-Açu's AFSs. In general, the AFSs of Tomé-Açu meet the expectations of producers in terms of economic return, besides generating benefits related to climate change mitigation and biodiversity conservation. In particular, the AFSs with the oil palm component showed better performance in the scores of benefits generation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características da estabilidade estática e dinâmica da atmosfera em cultivo de palma de óleo no Leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-30) CIRINO, Luciana dos Santos; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-5087
Considering the constant land use changes in the Amazon region, which determine the microclimate variability, the oil palm cultivation plays important roles in the environmental context and its interactions with the atmosphere. In this sense, this work aims to investigate the behavior of the atmospheric layer over an oil palm intercrop with interspecific hybrids (HIE) (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. x Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) in eastern Amazonia. The study was conducted in the company Marborges Agroindústria S.A., located in Moju, Pará. The age of the plantation was 8 years (in 2014), and the average height of the top of the canopy was approximately 8 m. The data used in this work were obtained by a micrometeorological tower, and comprise the period from January to December 2014. During the daytime period, the highest potential temperatures (θ) were observed at the heights of 2.25 m and 6.75 m above the ground, indicative of static instability. Unlike the night period, where the values of θ were higher above the top of the canopy, indicative of static stability. The less rainy period presented higher wind speeds, with a difference of 1 m/s in relation to the rainy period of the region. Through air temperature and wind speed data the static and dynamic weather conditions over the crop were investigated. Atmospheric conditions of neutrality and stability predominated in both periods (-0.25 < Ri > 0.25).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O clima e a vulnerabilidade socioambiental: interações na região costeira da Amazônia.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-03-05) SILVA, Santos, Marcos Ronielly da; PEREIRA, Luci Cajueiro Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883400404823218; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3253-5301
Coastal regions are the areas most affected by climate change, and therefore the most vulnerable, taking into account the intensity of climatic extremes and the great human concentration. In this context, this Doctoral Thesis work presents an analysis of the possible interactions of climate changes, associated with socioenvironmental processes, with a view to vulnerability in the coastal zone of the state of Pará. Specifically, we sought to: i) obtain the space-time variability precipitation in the coastal region of the Eastern Amazon; ii) know the distribution of physical and hydrological variables, during typical and atypical periods of climate and iii) examine the socio-environmental vulnerability of coastal municipalities in the face of climate change. Since climate change increases social and environmental vulnerability in the coastal region of the Amazon. For this purpose, standardized methodologies were used, adapted to each theme treated, with emphasis on the use of precipitation data by remote sensing of the technique - CMORPH, application of statistical analysis through Principal Component Analysis, Field collection through CTD for analysis of hydrological variables and identification of socio-environmental vulnerability using the Municipal Vulnerability Index (IVM) method. The main results found were: i) CMORPH evidenced the existence of a precipitation gradient in the two main rainfall modes, which explain 88% of the data variance. The first mode shows large-scale systems with rainy and less rainy periods. The second mode is associated with the occurrence of mesoscale systems. ii) rainfall and tides modulate local hydrological variables, showing greater variability in years of Dry and El Niño with greater complexity in open estuaries, a negative relationship between precipitation and salinity and a positive relationship with turbidity and chlorophyll was found, and iii) the most vulnerable municipalities are in the Marajó Island region - west of the study area, where the IVM varies between 1 (Afuá) and 0.55 (Soure) for scenarios 4.5 and 8.5, respectively. The Sensitivity (ISe) and Sociodemographic (ISd) sub-indices showed the greatest influence on the current vulnerability of the municipalities. These results provide scientific subsidies for decision making at the municipal level, and can be replicated for other regions, aiming at the adaptation of societies to climate change.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Clima urbano de Belém, Pará: percepção climática, climatologia e modelagem atmosférica.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-01-29) OLIVEIRA, Juarez Ventura de; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777; COHEN, Júlia Clarinda Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0293299378753887; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2048-8915
The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of urbanization on Belém’s climate and how part of its population perceives climate change. Belém’s climate and the urban – atmospheric interaction were studied with meteorological station data and with simulations of three different soil cover scenarios (urbanization in 2017, 1986 and a scenario where all urbanization was replaced by forest) for the Belém’s Metropolitan Region (considered as the main urban areas of Belém, Ananindeua and Marituba) using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The perception analysis was made via a questionnaire applied in four places with different socio and environmental characteristics. These places were select from the Socio – Environmental Typology Map that was developed using 2010 Census data and satellite image. From the four sites, two of them represent well vegetated and verticalized region, with medium/high income population and low demographic density (typology Type III). The other two places represent areas with sparse vegetation, with low houses, low income population and high demographic density (Type I). The results showed that, regardless of the typology, the questionnaire participants noticed changes in the climate of Belém. According to them, due to the development of local urbanization, Belém is warmer and with higher precipitation variability. The Belém weather station corroborated this perception, but stations in nearby municipalities have also warmed in recent years, making it difficult to link this change with urbanization. However, there is a greater accumulation of precipitation in Belém, which was not observed on the other stations data, and from the WRF results it was observed that the current characteristics of the RMB (Belém Metropolitan Region) can intensify the development of local convective systems, causing stronger storms and consequently higher accumulation of precipitation due to increased vertical wind shear and available energy for convection. Although the participants have perceived these changes and have been impacted by them (different for each typology, but mainly health and financial issues), most of them do not know how to adapt their life to this new climate scenario or adapts inefficiently to it due to a lack of knowledge, time and/or financial resources. However, when it comes to Belém itself, the interviewees were able to suggest adaptation strategies that can have a significant impact on the local climate and even minimize the effects of urbanization on the atmosphere.