Dissertações em Geografia (Mestrado) - PPGEO/IFCH

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2346

O Mestrado Acadêmico iniciou-se em 2004 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia (PPGEO) do Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas (IFCH) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Itacaiunas (BHRI): subsídio ao planejamento ambiental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-22) SILVA, Ronis Cley Fontes da; ARAÚJO, Alan Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5369542452826838; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777
The Itacaiunas River Basin (BHRI) has its source in the main channel located in the Serra da Seringa, in the municipality of Água Azul do Norte, state of Pará. Much of the economic resources come from mineral and agricultural exploration; consequently, the basin also faces strong environmental impacts arising from this and other activities linked to the economic use of its natural resources. With this information and others in mind, this dissertation aims to analyze the landscape dynamics in the Itacaiunas River Basin, through the application of bibliographic review methodology, cartographic elaboration, morphometric characterization, land use and occupation and diagnosis aiming subsidize environmental planning. The theoretical basis was based on the discussion about the geoecology of the landscape, highlighting the Landscape as a category of geographic research, in addition to the discussion on hydrographic basins in environmental management. The research covers three levels of analysis: characterization of the social and environmental aspects of BHRI; verification of information extracted from vector and matrix data for physiographic and fluviomorphological characterization of the basin, a stage in which it is intended to apply the morphological and vegetative indices; and the elaboration of the diagnosis and prognosis for BHRI. The research results present important data on this spatial cutout, primarily on environmental elements in addition to socioeconomic data. Subsequently, the morphometric data of hypsometry, slope, compartmentalization in high, medium and low course were analyzed, and also the hierarchy data of the channels, confirming a 5th order drainage, in addition to the morphometric data from which the conditions of susceptibility to floods. On the classes of land use and occupation, through the analysis of Landsat 8 Oli sensor images, acquired on 06/28/2020, in orbits 223, 224, 225 and points 65, 64, 4 classes were identified: Water ( 0.228%), Ombrophilous Dense Forest (41.934%), Agriculture (56.625%) and Non-Agricultural Anthropic Area (1.147%), making it possible to correlate these data with vegetative indices, presenting the spectral thresholds for dense vegetation, little vegetation and without vegetation the NDVI, SAVI and IAF values respectively (0.6729715 / 1,009 / 1,609), (0.0189145 / 0.028 / - 1.122), (-0.308115 / -1.492 / -2.949). Finally, regarding the diagnosis of the identification of environmental problems in the basin, they confirm a high degree of anthropic intervention, due to the intensive nature of land use and occupation, aggravated mainly in agricultural areas, modifying the landscape by removing vegetation cover, in addition to cause changes in the hydrological patterns of the basin. In turn, the transformations of the landscape are the result of the interaction of man with nature, which shows the need to carry out an integrated, participatory planning, according to the current scenario in the referred basin, raised through consistent and sufficient data to propose solutions. legal, through the types of land use, aiming at an ideal scenario, with the intention of reversing the current situation of the referred basin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da qualidade ambiental a partir de indicadores ambientais na área urbana de Paragominas-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-22) PEREIRA, Lucimar Costa; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
The rapid growth and the lack of policies for city planning provoke changes that affect the quality of life of the population. In this perspective, the analysis of environmental quality arises from the need to improve urban environmental conditions. Given this, the present research had as general objective, to evaluate the urban environmental quality in the city of Paragominas-PA, in the mesoregion of the southeast of Para. For this, the methodology developed by Vasques (2017) was adapted, based on objective analysis, using a system of urban environmental indicators, being the same, Water supply; Sewage collection and treatment; Household solid urban waste collection; Selective collection of solid waste; Flooded areas; Vegetable cover and free spaces. The procedures followed: definition of indicators and data collection; application of quantitative indices and spatial representation of each indicator and subsequent assessment and diagnosis of environmental quality. Inhabited blocks of the urban area were used as the spatial unit of analysis. Data analysis indicated that the entire study area has a water supply, provided by the Paragominas Sanitation Agency. Only 0.37 km² (3.04%) of the city are served by sewage collection and treatment services, restricted to condominiums and residences. The household waste collection is carried out in the entire urban area, while the selective collection mainly covers the central area and the nearby subdivisions, totaling 6.30 km² (51.90%) of the inhabited spaces. 1.85 km² (15.24%) of the inhabited spaces have already been affected by flooding in Paragominas. The data for vegetation cover showed a percentage of 15.43%. Data analysis indicated that 4.35 km² (35.83%) of inhabited places have public free spaces up to 300 m. The diagnosis of environmental quality showed that 77.31% (9.38 km²) of the urban area of Paragominas was classified as “intermediate environmental quality”, 19.20% (2.33 km²) as “best environmental quality” and 3.49% (0.42 km²) as “worst environmental quality”. The result had direct interference from the sewage collection and treatment indicator and the spatial distribution of free spaces, also influenced by vegetation cover. Considering the approaches carried out in this research, it is necessary to emphasize the need for urban planning by integrating social and environmental elements, so that the problems that affect the quality of urban life are remedied or minimized.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da vulnerabilidade ambiental da sub-bacia do Jaurucu – Brasil Novo Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-29) FREITAS, Jaylim Reis de; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4166
The overall objective of this study is to analyze the environmental vulnerability of the Jaurucu sub-basin and to understand how land cover and land use changes between 1990 and 2020 affect the loss of its landscape potential and its geoecological and socioeconomic features, including the pattern of encroachment of environmental systems. . , possibilities and limits of use and the impact on spatial changes. To achieve the desired goals, the theoretical and methodological foundations of the earth system approach, the theory of ecological dynamics, the concepts of landscape, land system and stability of the environmental system were chosen; The concepts of risk and vulnerability were introduced to avoid confusion when understanding these concepts. The research used techniques and methodological procedures as theoretical and methodological support for mapping environmental systems, assumptions by Bertrand (2004), Sotchava (1977), Tricart (1977), Monteiro (2000), Souza (2000) and others. The cartographic products were created with the support of geographic information systems (GIS). The environmental vulnerability analysis was adapted by applying the methodology of Crepani et al. proposed method. Persons. (2001), Grigio (2003), Tagliani (2003), Costa et al. (2006), Oliveira and Mattos (2014), based on Tricart (1977). Field work has been performed to verify the generation of land cover and land cover maps using MapaBiomas, vulnerability determinations are calculated using the grid calculation tool from algebraic equations crossing data in the GIS environment. Therefore, creating a sustainable development plan requires planning and analysis of the environment. Understanding vulnerable environments and the systems used within them helps with territory planning.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise das Unidades Geoecologicas do Refúgio Biológico da Vida Silvestre Metrópole da Amazônia – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) PEREIRA, Elexandre Martins; PAULA, Eder Mileno Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647718165947306; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6895-2126
The “Metrópole da Amazônia” Wildlife Refuge Conservation Unit is a large environmental preservation area located in the 11th largest metropolitan region in the country, with an estimated population of over 2 million inhabitants. With immense natural riches, it can be considered the last frontier of urban expansion in the region. The work used landscape geoecology to identify the degree of impact of the geoecological units and the Leopold Matrix, one of the tools used in environmental impact assessment, was used to measure the environmental impacts of the study area. The result was that, within the area of the conservation unit, the two geoecological units described in the study (Tablelands and Plains) are well preserved, but the most impacted was the Tablelands, especially found in the REVIS buffer zone. Finally, proposals were suggested to be analyzed and implemented by the unit's management body in order to mitigate the existing impacts in the study area.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do papel de parcelamentos do solo urbano como estruturadores da expansão urbana da sede de Altamira-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-08-30) DIAS, Ricardo de Lima; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4166
The performance of agents producing urban space in Altamira has gone through several phases, from the opening of the trans-Amazonian highway (BR-230) in the 1970s to the construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant complex in the early 2011s. contributed significantly to the population density of the region, producing urban spaces driven by real estate speculation and real estate producing agents, especially production by subdivisions that contributed to the current configuration of the urban fabric, densifying new areas and creating new peripheries, marked by discontinuity. and low occupancy density. In this way, the present research aims to analyze the dynamics of the expansion of urban space in Altamira-PA from the perspective of real estate development with the advent of the Belo Monte hydroelectric complex, highlighting the location of urban land subdivisions, infrastructure urban areas, housing densities, urban control and regulation instruments and in addition to the socio environmental reflexes related to these activities. The methodological procedure adopted to carry out this research can be divided into the Pre-Field stages with a bibliographic and documentary survey on various concepts related to urbanization, urban space, promoters, real estate sector, urban expansion and land subdivision, in addition to data consultation and information in Official Bodies and Institutions; Field, with in loco verification of points to verify the current state of the most deficient land subdivisions of basic infrastructure in the city of Altamira; and the Post-Field (analytical/comparative), consolidating the information collected in the form of graphs, tables, charts and cartographic representations, in addition to discussions and propositions on the theme of the dynamics of urban expansion conducted by land subdivision projects in the area of urban perimeter of Altamira. It was found that the real estate production in Altamira has contributed to the configuration of a fragmented urban reality from a spatial point of view, characterized by aspects of continuity and densification and discontinuity and sprawl, with the location of many projects in areas far from the urban core. main feature, a reality that has become the standard that characterizes the urban fabric of the Altamira headquarters.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise geoecológica como subsídio ao planejamento ambiental da sub-bacia hidrográfica do igarapé ambé, Altamira-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-27) LOBATO, Alexandre Augusto Cardoso; PAULA, Éder Mileno Silva De; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647718165947306; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6895-2126; BORDALO, Carlos Alexandre Leão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1253955182585852
Although the Amazon Biome has an incalculable value for the balance and maintenance of life on the planet, in recent years it has suffered from the construction of controversial infrastructure works, in particular the opening of highways and construction of hydroelectric plants, such as the BR-230 Highway (Transamazônica) and the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Power Plant, as happened in the Xingu River hydrographic basin, which caused and can still entail several modifications at different spatial scales, mainly at the local level. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand the functioning of these landscapes and their tendencies towards changes arising from human activities, thus providing subsidies to plan environmentally sustainable uses. Adopting the concept of hydrographic basins as a physical-territorial unit for measuring socio-environmental impacts and the geoecology of landscapes as a methodology for systemic environmental analysis, this research aims to study the operation and changes caused by the opening of the Transamazon Highway and its construction of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex in the Igarapé Ambé hydrographic sub-basin which has its territorial extension cut by the aforementioned highway and is located within the Direct Influence Area (AID) and the Directly Affected Area (ADA) of the Belo Monte Hydroelectric Complex and that drain the urban area of the city of Altamira in the State of Pará. The analyzes show that 45% of the SBHA's landscapes are with active morphogenetic processes and 29% are with moderate environmental vulnerability and in a fragile stage of ecodynamic balance, which shows the importance of thinking about alternative uses for these landscapes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise integrada da paisagem e processos de erosão costeira na ilha de Atalaia, Salinópolis, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-27) SOUZA, Ewerton Müller da Silva; ANDRADE, Milena Marília Nogueira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1930321094483005; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5799-7321
The study aims to analyze the landscape and erosion susceptibility processes on Atalaia Island, Salinópolis, Pará, as a basis for coastal management policies. The objective unfolds in examining the coastline position between 2002 and 2022, identifying coastal dynamics through geoindicators, analyzing landscape units, and the degree of susceptibility to erosion on the island. To achieve the objectives, the study area was divided into three sectors: Espadarte, Atalaia, and Sofia. The materials and methods used include satellite images for a twenty-year multi-temporal analysis, with polygon change analysis techniques, areal and linear rates. For this assessment of coastal changes, the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) plugin was used in the Geographic Information System environment of ArcMap 10.5. The use of geoindicators was granted through field sheets with the identification of natural or anthropogenic elements that pointed to the movement of the coastline. For the landscape analysis, the theoretical basis of landscape geoecology and the use of geoprocessing to generate a map of landscape units were used. The study revealed areas of high susceptibility with 47,798m², mainly in sector A, in this sector, geoindicators such as the front strip of vegetation modified by erosion (44) and the presence of retaining walls and other constructions in contact with the beach arch or on the surface of estirance (64) stand out. The areas of moderate susceptibility were present, prominently in Sector B, with an area of 66,950m², in this sector, the geoindicators of water/sewage piping or energy poles, located on the beach arch in a situation of destruction by physical agents (54) and the presence of retaining walls and other constructions in contact with the beach arch or on the surface of estirance (62) stand out. The areas of low susceptibility to erosion were present, most evidently, in Sector C, with an area of 341,274.1m², in this sector, the geoindicator related to the width of the post-beach/sandy berm surface (70) stands out. The results of the landscape analysis allowed the understanding of the structure and functioning of the fluvio-marine plain, urban areas, open areas, moving dunes, and beach and post-beach. The investigation offers a dynamic perspective on the erosion processes of Atalaia Island from the employed methodology, thereby, the results indicate the need for more effective coastal management strategies, underlining the importance of an integrated approach that considers both physical and socioeconomic aspects to mitigate adverse impacts on local communities and the ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análises das paisagens da ilha de Cotijuba: através do mapeamento das unidades geoambientais, Belém/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-21) SILVA, Elias Klelington Leocádio Rodrigues da; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
The present research looks at the Cotijuba Island, Belém / PA, located in the island region of the municipality of Belém. The study turns to the geoenvironmental theme from the integrated analysis of the landscape. The choice of this study area is justified, because in the last decades Cotijuba has undergone a rampant urbanization process, with irrational use of its resources, generating deforestation for the extraction of wood and removal of sand for civil construction. Thus, we sought to map the geoenvironmental units of Cotijuba Island, based on a survey of the elements that make up the landscape. The methodology followed the following steps: Bibliographic survey that enabled the survey of concepts that were guiding factors for the development of the research, Field study that allowed the survey of data and analyzes that are only possible with the measurement in loco, and Laboratory study that was essential to the development of the research, using techniques of remote sensing and geoprocessing that linked to the GIS allowed the making of all cartographic products presented in the research. For the mapping of land use and land cover classes, the Envi 5.1 software was used for supervised classification, extracting a Kappa index of 0.96. For the study of landscape metrics of forest fragments, the software arcgis 10.1 was used from the extension Partch Analyzes. In both procedures, the Sentinel-2 satellite image from the year 2018 was used. For the production of the MDEs, the Alos Palsar radar image was used, which allowed the analysis of the island's altimetry and slope. The mapping of the variables: geology, geomorphology and pedology, were carried out using information collected in the field and analysis of the results obtained from the products made in the Sentinel-2 and Alos Palsar image, based on Florenzano's remote sensing techniques methodology ( 2007). In view of this, the mapping of the Five Geoenvironmental Units of Cotijuba Island was made, highlighting their general characteristics. The results showed that Cotijuba needs a Management and Management plan on a municipal scale aimed at conserving natural resources and promoting the generation of jobs and income for the local community. In this sense, it is expected that the products raised here will serve as subsidies for them. Thus, ecotourism and the implementation of ecological corridors are suggested as measures to mitigate the problems presented here.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Contribuição da agricultura urbana e periurbana ao desenvolvimento local do município de Marituba - Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-03-06) FRAGELUS, Kente; LIMA, Ricardo Ângelo Pereira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1993748824383678; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3532-422X
The objective of this research is to analyse the contribution of the urban and peri-urban agriculture in the local development of the municipality of Marituba-PA. Thus, the methodology presented a qualitative and quantitative character based on visits to agricultural parcels (direct observation), meetings with farmers and semi-structured interviews. Then, we used GPS map 62s and drone phantom 4 for location of agricultural areas and aerial photography. In summary, the results of our theoretical discussion on the concepts of Territory, Territoriality and Power allows us to conclude that there are all related to geography and respect human spatiality and also present in other areas of knowledge, each with a focus on a certain perspective. Likewise, he started the two circuits of the urban economy: the inferior circuit as the superior circuit do not articulate in the same way because there are different. The two circuits complete each other while remaining different from each other. Certainly, the results obtained demonstrate that urban and peri-urban agriculture contribute significantly to food security and income generation, as well as the local development of the Uriboca neighborhood. In addition, farmers are mostly people with low education and agriculture and their main activity. Therefore, decision-makers should develop public policies that will encourage this activity to generate more profits for the weel-being of Marituba residents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica da paisagem e políticas públicas em Marabá: um olhar a partir do Programa Grande Carajás
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-08-16) COSTA, Marcos Reinan da Fonsêca; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
The research presented here seeks to support the idea that the landscape must be thought of in conjunction with the action of public policies, assuming that changes in the landscape cannot be fully understood without considering the participation of State policies. This study aims to understand the space production process in the Municipality of Marabá between 1980 (T1) and 2019 (T2) from the landscape changes, considering the realization of the Grande Carajás Program (PGC) as an integral political event of this process. The scientific investigation of this work sought to follow the principles of integrated analysis, having as a field of study the municipality of Marabá, in the state of Pará, in the period between 1980 and 2019. Data were collected through bibliographic, documentary and cartographic research. from a methodological framework of integrated analysis. As a result, it appears that the landscape units analyzed in the initial time (T1) presented changes from the insertion of the PGC policy, changes that reflect in the reduction of vegetation coverage in the municipality, as well as in the expansion of consolidated and non-consolidated areas. less importantly, it affects the way of life of the population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica geoambiental e as transformações da paisagem da bacia hidrográfica do rio Ituna, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-08) BALIEIRO, Bruna Taynara de Souza; VELOSO, Gabriel Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9757471213923099; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3655-4166
The diversity of public policy incentives and the overlapping of large development projects in the Amazon have made it a complex region, directly influencing the transformations of the landscape and its geoenvironmental dynamics. The study area of this research comprises the Ituna watershed (BHRI), located in the municipalities of Altamira-PA and Senador José Porfírio-PA, currently consisting of six land units, including settlement projects and indigenous land, created under different contexts . Furthermore, the area is under the influence of large projects such as the UHE Belo Monte and speculation about the implementation of the Volta Grande Project (Belo Sun) for mining exploration. Given these factors, the research analyzed the geoenvironmental dynamics and transformations of the BHRI landscape, through changes in land use and cover, over 36 years, considering the context of public policies to encourage forms of land use (land policies and agricultural/agriculture), as well as the insertion and speculation of large projects in its zone of influence. The results point to significant changes on a multitemporal scale, where in 2022 Agriculture represented 60,829.59 hectares (38.67%) and Forestry Formation 95,879.32 hectares (60.96%) of BHRI, it is important to highlight that of this total Forest Formation, 17,464.9533 hectares are located in the Koatinemo TI. The data confirm a substantial increase in the expansion of agriculture and livestock over the BHRI forest. The study also highlights the conservation of the forest in the Koatinemo TI when compared to settlement projects. The study reinforces the complexity of creating and executing developmental policies for the Amazon and how the actions of human beings constantly affect the landscape.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O financiamento climático para cidades amazônicas: análise da prontidão e vulnerabilidade frente a eventos extremos de inundação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-07) RODRIGUES, Géssica dos Santos; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056
The climate change causes concern due to the material and immaterial impacts that society has. The cities are more exposed to these impacts, because concentrate people and essential services, such as hospitals, banks, schools, among others. The adaptation and mitigation of climate change in cities is a means of coping with impacts, however it requires financial investments that may come from public, private or climate funds. The climate finance is an important topic in the debate on climate change, it aims to concentration financial investments that are directed to countries or cities to assist in the elaboration and implementation of adaptive or mitigating measures in the face of climate change. However, access to climate finance is still restricted due to factors such as technical or organizational capacity, and scenarios of social and structural vulnerability of stakeholders in financing. Another restrictive factor of access is that the sources of financing have limited financial resources. Through this, funding sources need criteria to select funding recipients, one of the criteria involves the applicants' readiness and vulnerability scenario. The climate change and the accentuation of extreme events also have an impact on the Amazon; therefore, actions preservation and conservation have always been a global public and private interest. The Amazonian cities have also suffered from the impacts of climate change, so its insertion in debates involving climate change and climate finance is of paramount importance to promote their development combined with facing the adverse damage from climate change. In this scenario, the research aims to elucidate the climate financing scenario for Amazonian cities and their levels of adaptation considering vulnerability and readiness. Therefore, the methodology for the climate financing scenario of Amazonian cities uses stages of searching, processing and analyzing data from climate financing projects. For the adaptation levels, the propositions used by Notre Dame Environmental Change Initiative in the Notre Dame Global Adaptation Initiative (ND-GAIN) project, known as the Country Index and Urban Adaptation Assessment, are used on a methodological basis aiming at the formulation of the Adaptation Level Index of Amazonian cities facing extreme flood events.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“A gente não usa mais água como usava antes da barragem”: impactos da UHE Tucuruí na vida das mulheres atingidas por barragens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) LISBOA, Marília Geovana de Oliveira; ARAÚJO, Alan Nunes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5369542452826838
The dissertation explores the construction process of territories impacted by hydroelectric plants, especially in the Amazon region, where the exploration of bodies and crossings caused by the conception of development of large projects affect environmental and social dynamics. In the Amazon, this process is even more complex due to the extension and diversity of landscapes and directly dependent populations. The energy model, discussed in Geography and its real impact, raises problems such as compulsory displacement, unfair compensation and water issues caused by changes in river flows and flows. In addition to territorial and spatial issues, social transitions are evident, although often made invisible by the patriarchal structure present in the spaces of debate. Thus, the research aims to understand the effects of the impacts caused by the Tucuruí HPP on women in the Lower Tocantins, especially in the riverside community of Paruru do Meio, and to analyze the reproduction of power of the Capital, challenges and forms of resistance of women in the defense of bodies territories. The research examines the physiographic and social issues of the islands of Baixo Tocantins, as well as the participation of women in this reality. It identifies the perception of women affected, the influences on domestic work hours and how these demands are raised in the political participation of women in the defense of the Territory. The methodological approach adopted includes bibliographic analysis, fieldwork, participation in community leadership meetings, application of socioeconomic questionnaires and semi-structured interviews, and the preparation of maps and graphs. It is concluded that there is a structural gender differentiation in the construction of the territory studied, influencing environmental impacts and body dimensions. We highlight the importance of female protagonism in the defense of territories as a movement of direct confrontation against big capital, in favor of the dignity of the affected communities and families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geografia da mandioca na Amazônia paraense: meio geográfico, modo de vida e a cultura da farinha no meio rural do município de Bragança (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-26) BRITO, Jakeline Almeida; NAHUM, João Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009465125001273
This research aims to relate three notions - geographical environment, way of life, and flour culture. As a proposal for analysis, we seek to understand the culture of manioc flour in the Paraense Amazon linked to the way of life of the Amazonian man through processes, in a historical context. Given the singularities of the knowledge to be impregnated in a product that represents the geographies of the place, in successions and coexistences in the geographical environments of the dynamics of life of the cultural and economic relations of the municipality. From an empirical situation seen in Bragança, the culture of manioc flour envisions the production process, and the reproduction of rural communities producing flour, their insertion in the market in different media. And in the hypotheses, an intrinsic relationship between way of life and geographical environment can be verified, with cassava flour being the link in this relationship. At first, this relationship jumps from symbolic action to an appropriation of European culture, making the product a food habit in the colony, later becoming a food that was consumed in several Brazilian territories - presenting a production, commercialization and consumption circuit that was based on local aspects. Currently, the Bragança flour production and commercialization process takes place by small producers in rural areas, as well as in other municipalities in the Bragantina region. Our empirical profile is restricted to eight communities in rural areas in Bragança, in the study carried out, it was possible to observe that over the years new technologies are increasing the way of life of these communities whose logic is configured in the strategies of life reproduction of these small farmers in the case of local associations and cooperatives. We attest that there is little change in the printed space in the production method of manioc flour in the current geographical environment, even with a certain amount of technological innovation, such as electricity, different machinery in recent years, however, it has generated few benefits for rural communities. who produce the flour, because not everyone has the financial resources to have such devices on their properties. Another issue would be adding value to the product, which occurs externally to the places where production takes place. It is necessary to say that this value goes beyond the economic factor, since the notoriety of the know-how of making flour is a traditional factor that needs to be a primary part in the debates.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ilhas da zona costeira amazônica: relevância, desenvolvimento e isolamento geográfico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-05-08) QUARESMA, Arley Martins; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056
Studies related to islands in the Amazon, whether of greater or lesser importance, are minimal, although more than 50% of the municipalities in the Amazon coastal zone-ZCA have a territorial area composed of islands. However, the islands face numerous barriers such as isolation, territorial development and management aspects. In this sense, the general objective of this work is to analyze the importance of islands in the Amazon coastal zone, and the relationship of development and geographic isolation on islands in the municipality of BelémPA. The methodological procedures involved two stages, the first encompassing (i) Analysis of the population of the ZCA municipalities (ii); Identification of the GDP of the municipalities in the coastal zone; (iii) classification of municipalities in the coastal zone that have islands in their territorial composition; (vi) Quantification of the total areas of islands in the ZCA and (v) Percentage of protected areas in island areas. The second stage consisted of a multicriterio analysis that determined the degree of isolation of the most relevant islands in the municipality of Belém-PA. The determination of the degree of isolation took into account two indicators: Accessibility and Connectivity and their respective variables. The data showed that in the ZCA, especially the islands, it has an expressive relevance in terms of economy, territorial area, and areas of environmental conservation. It was also found that the most isolated islands have been fed different conditions of autonomy and development. Islands with a lower degree of isolation have physical connections and intense connectivity, a way in which they reduce isolation. In such connections, the islands most prone to development are not those closest to the mainland, but those with the greatest service offerings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Impactos socioambientais na região da Serra do Piriá, Viseu-PA sob o enfoque da geoecologia das paisagens
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-07-17) SOUZA, Wellington Pereira de; VIDAL, Maria Rita; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5598361253569887; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3392-3624
Socio-environmental impacts are changes suffered by the environment caused by actions that have a direct influence on the quality of life of populations. These aspects can be seen in the Serra do Piriá region, located in the municipality of Viseu-PA, where among the various activities we highlight mineral exploration that led to sudden changes in the landscapes, with impacts being identified, such as: deforestation, soil destruction, fires , among others. The objective is to analyze the socio-environmental impacts in six communities surrounding the Serra do Piriá, which were directly affected by human activities (mining, livestock farming, animal and plant extractivism) and their consequences related to the communities' appropriation of natural resources. The methodology is based on the assumptions of environmental analysis with a view to Landscape Geoecology to analyze the socio-environmental impacts that will serve as a framework for understanding socio-environmental phenomena. Seven geoecological units were delimited in the study area, and of these, three (UG1) Plateau with Capoeira Vegetation, (UG3) Foothill with Secondary Vegetation and (UG4) Plain Interspersed with Ombrophylous and Capoeira Vegetation presented very critical states, two units (UG5) Hills with Patches of Dense Ombrophyllous Vegetation and Riparian Forest, (UG7) Rivers and Nature Fields presented critical states, one (UG2) Slope with Cavities and Fragments of Primary Vegetation presented an unstable state and finally, one (UG6) Fluviomarinha Plain with Maguezal presented a stable state. The study pointed out that human activities are distorting the landscapes, making it necessary to implement conservation and preservation actions for the landscapes in question.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Indicadores de pressão, estado, impacto e resposta (peir) para avaliação da conservação das áreas de manguezais do município de São Caetano de Odivelas - PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-02-25) COSTA, Letícia Soares da; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9893-9777
São Caetano de Odivelas is a municipality in the Amazon coastal zone, located in the Microregion of Salgado, in the Northeast of Pará, with the coastline cut by wide recesses or the coast of “rias”, composing a dynamic environment, under which a vast mangrove forest. Recently, the Mocapajuba Extractive Reserve was created in the municipality in 2014. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the mangrove areas from driving force, pressure, state, impact and response indicators (PSIR), to provide support to the management of the Conservation Unit. The method chosen was the use of socio environmental indicators, combined with the DPSIR methodology created by the United Nations Environment Program - UNEP, and updated by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD. It was necessary to carry out a systematic review of the literature and conducting on-site visits, in order to assist in monitoring the state and in the analysis of the pressures found in the study area, parallel to this, a classification of the different types of land use was made. in order to identify the anthropic causal activities or sources of pressures and impacts. And the responses obtained through the research of programs and projects at the federal and municipal levels that can solve or mitigate impactful actions. The methodology proved to be satisfactory, as it allowed to infer about the following indicators: Pressure (P) urban expansion, tourist intensity and the absence of sewage treatment; State (E) legally protected area, with high environmental relevance and ecological functions and "in natura" sewage discharge in the Mojuim River; Impact (I), the most significant ones were applied to the model according to the weighting performed. these being: mangrove deforestation, overfishing due to tourism and the effects of waste disposal in inappropriate areas, on the quality of life of the population and the natural environment. The analysis of the answers (R) revealed the Mocapajuba Marine Extractive Reserve (RESEX), since from it it is possible to obtain control over land use, under the domain of the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) (federal sphere) ; the guidelines of the Brazilian Forest Code in Areas of Permanent Preservation - APP (MMA), in contrast, the municipal government through investments and public expenses with the purpose of promoting the protection and management of natural resources, such as the promotion of environmental education. Thus, the need for an effective inspection and long-term projects for environmental management, which reconciles use with environmental protection, stands out. Thereby, this work is configured as an important tool, in order to provide subsidies for the elaboration of environmental planning projects and management policies, and actions based on the protection of the mangrove ecosystems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Insegurança hídrica: medidas adaptativas autônomas usadas pela população na cidade de Belém, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-29) RODRIGUES, Tayná Cristiny Nunes Flexa; SZLAFSZTEIN, Cláudio Fabian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1348005678649555; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2855-2056
The Amazon region, where the capital of the state of Pará, Belém, is located, has a large availability of water resources and constant rainfall well distributed throughout the year. However, there are frequent occurrences of interruptions in the water supply. Part of the population has no access to water in their homes or the supply is irregular, despite the fact that Belém does not present meteorological or hydrological droughts. Because of the interruptions in the water supply, the population needs to seek autonomous adaptive measures, without help from the government or private institutions, to acquire water, since the aforementioned element is essential in daily life. The research aims to identify the autonomous adaptive measures adopted by the population of Belém to reduce the inconvenience associated with the lack of water, called water insecurity. Therefore, it was analyzed in online and television newspapers - in the period from 2014 to 2020 - the frequency in which neighborhoods were notified, the causes of the interruption, the consequences, as well as the decisions taken by residents to obtain water. From the journalistic data, the water insecurity index of Belém's neighborhoods was identified, dividing them into three categories: high, medium and low. The results obtained correspond both to the production of the water insecurity index map per neighborhood, as well as the information about the time, causes and consequences arising from the interruption in water supply, besides identifying the autonomous adaptive measures used by the population, such as: buying mineral water, collecting rainwater and using well water, generally considered as reactive measures, since they occur either at the time or after the lack of water. Thus, we highlight the need for improvements in the infrastructure of the water supply system, to obtain a regular and quality supply, because water is everyone's right and essential for the well-being of the population.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelagem ambiental na floresta nacional do Jamanxim-PA: proposta de cenário futuro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-02-21) GAMA, Luana Helena Oliveira Monteiro; ALMEIDA, Arlete Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1511094180664778
Protected areas were created essentially for the conservation of fauna and flora. Analyzing its socio-environmental dynamics becomes a challenge, and at the same time contributes to the understanding of the landscape. The present study aims to model future scenarios from remote sensing and geoprocessing techniques in the National Forest (FLONA) of Jamanxim-PA, based on the land use classification of the years 2013 and 2020. Analyze the independent variables through of Artificial Intelligence. Apply the DINAMICA EGO model using the transition method to simulate deforestation trajectories up to 2030, based on the dependent variables (land cover and use 2013 and 2020) and independent variables (altimetry, slope, distance to roads, distance to settlements and distance to hydrography. The high rates of deforestation within the limits of conservation units, lead to large environmental losses over time. According to INPE, the state of Pará presented the highest forest loss of the Brazilian Amazon states in 2019, a total of 3,862 km2 , with an increase rate of 41% when compared to 2018. Through the mathematical model it is possible to analyze “Where” will be deforested; “When” will it be deforested and what deforestation rates will be; and “How”, what will be the spatial representation of the new areas of modification, that is, how the deforestation process will be based on the dynamic cover and use of the land and the elements that make up the landscape, such as the variations independent activities, it is possible to carry out future projections of deforestation in the FLONA do Jamanxim. Theories of authors representing different currents of Geography are approached to conceptualize space, landscape and dynamic modeling. In Physical Geography, one starts from Bertrand's concepts. For Quantitative Geography, Waldo Tobler was used as a basis. The discussion of Critical Geography is based on the works of Milton Santos. And Soares-Filho for spatial dynamic modeling. The methodology was divided into three main phases: 1- Processing of satellite images, using the supervised classification method through the Maximum Likelihood algorithm; 2- Processing of independent variables; 3- Stage considered the main part of the study, which consists of spatial modeling in DINAMICA EGO. As a result of the analysis of land cover and use, it was observed that there was a reduction in the area of 112.51 km² (0.87%) of primary forest, and an increase in the mosaic class of occupations (deforestation) with an area of 393.53 km², equivalent to 3% of deforested area. The main activities observed were: forest exploitation and mining. There is also a deforestation pattern classified as geometric and regular, with economic activities, such as agriculture, and mainly medium to large-scale grain and livestock monocultures, and an intermediate stage of occupation. The independent variables assume Bertrand's GTP model to observe landscape dynamics. It was observed that 0.28% of the primary forest was converted to deforestation. That is, from 2013 to 2020 deforestation is occurring at a net rate of 28% per year. And there is a high probability of transition from primary forest to a mosaic of occupations, and from forest exploitation to a mosaic of occupations to the north and south of the FLONA do Jamanxim, areas that may be associated with the implementation of roads (BR-163), and to the PDS Brasília and Vale do Jamanxim Project settlements, which consequently can impact the resilience of the landscape. Based on modeling and analysis of future scenarios, it appears that there may be a loss of 198.79 km² (1.52%) of primary forest, and a considerable increase in deforestation of 155.20 km² by 2030. The mapping of this study, it can support public policy actions by analyzing the impact of laws and identifying priority areas for government action in FLONA do Jamanxim. Based on the spatial modeling, together with the command, control and monitoring plans, it is possible to guide the socio-environmental, economic and cultural development in this UC, for the maintenance and conservation of natural assets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mudanças e adaptações no modo de vida na vila Mainardi (Breves, Pará): os impactos da decadência da atividade madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-30) CUNHA, Amiraldo do Socorro Soares da; SILVA, Christian Nunes da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4284396736118279
The present work intends to carry out an analysis and debates, based on bibliographic and documental research and field data, emphasizing the subsistence activities performed by traditional populations of Marajó, presenting categories and tools of geographic analysis, which can be worked on the understanding of the way of life and the use of natural resources by these populations. This proposal started from the consideration that local production, generated in the execution of the so-called territorial strategies of survival of these traditional populations is extremely important for supplying both urban centers and communities themselves. In this way, this research will also seek to verify and discuss the viability of using social cartography techniques in the participative mapping of the traditional populations researched, seeking to understand how territorial planning can integrate information about: the traditional populations' way of life; the residents' economic activities; and geotechnologies and equipment used in the collection and capture of natural resources - fish and forests. The bibliographical research, integrated with data from the field research and participatory mapping in the village Mainardi, in the municipality of Breves, Marajó Island, Pará State, in addition to laboratory work, using geoprocessing techniques, allowed us to map the dynamic complexity of some socio-spatial and socio-environmental structural relations in the study area, showing how participatory mapping techniques can help the understanding of natural resource planning, by both the public managers and the users themselves, who will be able to see their territorialities on the map.