Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia - PPGE/ICSA

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/14107

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Ensaios em economia Kaldoriana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-05) SILVA, Sérgio Felipe Melo da; ALENCAR, Douglas Alcantâra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6019986023580234; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-998X
This doctoral thesis is structured into three essays, arranged in three chapters, and deals with Kaldorian Economics in relation to other theoretical approaches and applications using input-output analysis. The first essay seeks to establish a theoretical connection between the ideas of economists Nicholas Kaldor and Giovanni Dosi, based on an analysis of the regional production technological structure using the input-output methodology created by Wassily Leontief. This approach is applied to the economy of the Legal Amazon (Brazil), specifically the state of Pará. The preliminary application of the Kaldor-Dosi perspective, with the help of the Leontief input-output matrix, allowed for specific conclusions to be drawn about the dynamics of the mineral extraction industry in relation to the productive structure of the state of Pará. The second essay focuses primarily on structural change, which arises from theories of economic development from various theoretical schools, mainly linked to the manufacturing industry. The essay proposes its own approach, called complexity with an evolutionary approach, which results from the connection between distinct theoretical approaches, namely the Kaldorian approach, based on Kaldor's Laws, the Neo-Schumpeterian approach, also called evolutionary, especially the theory of technological paradigms and trajectories, and the approach of economic complexity. The methodology used is structural decomposition analysis, which is a technique within the framework of the input-output methodology. The third essay seeks to identify the systemic importance of the industries of the Manaus industrial complex and, thus, the Amazonian manufacturing industry in the economy of the Amazon region and the rest of Brazil. This is done through a theoretical approach that relates the interregional perspective to Kaldor's Laws in the discussion of economic development. The theoretical aspect of this article is the approach of Kaldor's Laws combined with the assumptions of Regional Economics from an interregional perspective and the approach of technological innovations. It is understood that the forces that operate in the interregional dynamics are also determinants to explain the movements of economic performance of a region or country. The methodological apparatus is input-output analysis, through the hypothetical extraction technique.
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Governança ambiental nos municípios da Amazônia Legal Brasileira através dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável: um exercício de mensuração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-05) MOIA, Gabriel Costa Maciel; DINIZ, Marcelo Bentes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883675147089188
This present work aims to evaluate the contribution of environmental governance as a mechanism to mitigate environmental issues in the Amazon region, which is intrinsically linked to low social development and high levels of forest loss in the 772 municipalities that make up the Legal Amazon. These municipalities, organically, demonstrate a potentially reduced capacity to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Environmental governance is essential for understanding the involvement of civil society in the dynamics of natural resource exploitation, especially forest resources. In this context, the study primarily utilizes the factorial analysis method, selecting indicators that reflect the quality of environmental governance in the region to promote the SDGs, specifically goals 4 (quality education), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 8 (decent work and economic growth), 13 (climate action), and 15 (life on land). Additionally, indicators were chosen based on the application of what constitutes good governance, referred to in two dimensions, "governance quality" and "access to information and social assistance". The results indicate that environmental governance in the region is characterized by five dimensions: "economic and demographic growth," "educational inefficiency," "forest preservation," "decent housing," and "environmental degradation." Furthermore, in the formation of the final environmental governance index composition, it was observed that municipalities with lower deforestation rates have a better quality of environmental governance, confirming its importance and commitment to meeting the SDGs. It is expected that this work will serve to highlight missed opportunities due to the absence of civil society participation, emphasizing the importance of sustainability for local development.
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Pobreza na Região Metropolitana de Belém sob os enfoques teóricos das capacidades e do espaço social
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-16) BRASIL, Marília Carvalho; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
The general objective of this study is to study the relationships between poverty and social structure from monetary and multidimensional perspectives for the Metropolitan Region of Belém in the period 2000 to 2010. The main data sources used were microdata from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses. In the multidimensional analysis, the multidimensional poverty indexes (MPI) were constructed based on the Alkire-Foster method (2007, 2009). The typology developed by the Observatory of Metropolises, which adopts the Bourdieusian perspective, was used to analyze the social structure. In the first decade of the 21st century, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of poor people in the RMB from an income perspective. This trend was observed both for the RMB as a whole and for all metropolitan municipalities. The decline in monetary poverty indicators in the RMB followed the national trend that occurred in the 2000s as a consequence of economic conditions and public policies. By adopting multidimensionality in poverty analysis, it is possible to perceive the heterogeneity that exists in the areas studied, as advocated by Amartya Sen. Comparing the indicators of the two approaches, the results point to higher levels of poverty captured by the multidimensional perspective, when compared to the monetary perspective. This situation occurs for all levels of aggregation: regional, municipal and weighted area. The results of multidimensional poverty indicate that there was a small increase in the proportion of poor people in the RMB as a whole. The levels of multidimensional poverty presented were very high in comparison with the national averages in the period 2000/2010. The public policies that contributed to removing the condition of multidimensional poverty from a significant portion of the national population do not seem to have presented the same results for the RMB. Regarding the social structure of the RMB, it is clear that there is a progressive increase in the population classified as deprived as one advances in the social structure when considering the various indicators that make up the MPI (incidence, intensity and MPI). The population at the top of the social pyramid considered poor is significantly smaller than that at the base. As in the analysis of regional and municipal aggregates, the dimensions that acted to intensify the deprivations of the population residing in the RMB were education and standard of living.
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Poder de barganha e participação dos cônjuges no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma análise baseada em modelos de escolha coletiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) MORAIS, Geási; CIRINO, Jader Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2232741827552440; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
This research analyzes the determinants of spousal participation in the Brazilian labor market using an approach based on collective choice models. Utilizing microdata from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) and employing Probit and Heckit models, the study identifies how individual and socioeconomic factors influence decisions to join the Economically Active Population (EAP) and allocate time to paid work. The findings reveal that higher wages reduce the likelihood of labor market participation, reflecting the income effect. However, for those already employed, higher wages increase working hours, indicating the presence of the substitution effect. Two distribution factors were tested, which are variables that affect the distribution of bargaining power among household members without directly influencing individual preferences or the family budget constraint. Adjusted age differences and non-labor income participation significantly impact bargaining power distribution within families. Adjusted age differences negatively affect wives' labor market participation, particularly among childless couples. Women with significantly older husbands are less likely to join the labor market, while husbands in such contexts are more likely to participate and work more hours. Control over non-labor income proved relevant to bargaining power, especially for wives, who exhibited greater flexibility in reducing their labor supply. The study underscores the importance of collective models in understanding intrafamily dynamics, showing that labor decisions are shaped by spousal bargaining rather than the predictions of traditional unitary models. In terms of public policy, the research recommends implementing incentives for professional qualifications targeting childless couples and providing childcare support for couples with children. These measures aim to expand families’ options and promote their well-being more comprehensively.
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Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação (SNI): tipologia e variáveis determinantes para as 50 maiores economias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-30) MARTINS, Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2876006208419919
The main objective of this work will be to analyze the SNI of the 50 largest economies with the intention of generating a typology for the analyzed systems. Search through the use of a factor analysis analysis model using cluster analysis and panel data, classify and understand the trained NIS and generate a methodological procedure that makes it possible to monitor the evolution of innovation systems. The work will also analyze, after analyzing the SNI typologies, econometric models with panel data for the types of SNI generated, with the aim of finding which variable principles are most important for the house typology. As main results, the SNI were divided into three distinct classes. The determining variables to explain the performance of the developed systems were: innovative capacity and environment, human capital and net direct investment. Each of these thermals presented greater or lesser importance according to each typology found. In general, the variations in research and development expenses, resident and non-resident patents, scientific articles and publications and higher education expenses were the most significant variables in explaining the development of the SNI.
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A trajetória de inovação brasileira e as políticas públicas: uma abordagem da desindustrialização a partir da década de 80
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) PASCOAL, Célia Danielly da Silva; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2876006208419919
The present work began with a neo-Schumpeterian approach highlighting elements such as institutions, in order to build a parallel with the concept of paradigms and innovation, with the aim of emphasizing the path taken by firms, which developed through routines, as being procedures that tend to include improvements that drive a country's economic growth. Since, when this accumulation of knowledge does not occur continuously or is interrupted, there is a delay as a whole. The path taken by Brazilian industry through its three phases emphasized in this study is directly connected with the five analytical currents developed in the literature on deindustrialization. It became the orderly and necessary sequence to create a consistent foundation, with the aim of discussing the public policies that were employed in the same period in the world context, mentioning the example of some countries and how they improved their respective plants by investing in R&D, and compare them with the policies implemented in Brazil. In this way, the data served as support for the ratification of the deindustrialization process in Brazil experienced from the 1980s onwards.

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