Programa de Pós-Graduação em Economia - PPGE/ICSA

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/14107

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Aviamento e redistribuição na Amazônia: uma análise evolucionária do período colonial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-11-29) SILVA, Luiz Gonzaga Feijão da; SILVA, Harley; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1485109352201821; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639
The economy and the market are not synonymous. This distinction is essential to understand aviation, our object of study. The thesis presents an alternative way of viewing the economic system of the colonial Amazon: instead of emphasizing the market system or its elements, we adopt redistribution as an institution that dominantly promotes the circulation of society's means of subsistence. This redistributive economy emanates from the State's ability to receive (taxes) and distribute (payer), in a monetary system without coined currency, which uses genres (means of subsistence) as money. This way of interpreting the economy was only possible through the use of Polanyi and Veblen's institutionalist theory, which helped us to define the objective of the thesis in understanding how the economic and social structures of the colonial Amazon, that is, forms of economic integration (FIE), support institutions and organizational structure of society, were decisive in the emergence, growth and persistence of aviation as a financial institution. In this sense, relief is an adapted and coherent manifestation of the financial demands of the redistributive economy, that is, where credit (and the flows of financial resources) are carried out in kind and debt comes from non-economic obligations – which During this period, it uncouples it from market-oriented motivations. Throughout the colonial period, aviation presented several institutional variations, which are in line with the change in the social and economic structure (we highlight the Missions Regiment and the Pombaline reforms), as we defend in our working hypothesis. Among the main variations that we present as a result of the causal and cumulative, therefore, evolutionary process, we highlight commercial aviation, state redistributive aviation and commercial redistributive aviation. To explain these variations in more detailed Darwinian terms, we chose to outline the evolutionary process for the movement of some important resources, such as captives (rescue troops) and drugs from the backlands, facilitating the work of protected Indians (state redistribution) and families caboclas in constitution (mercantile redistribution). Thus, the layout is dynamic and diverse, resulting from its interdependence with the structure in constant transformation.
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Consumo de alimentos processados e ultraprocessados no Brasil e o papel do Bolsa Família: uma abordagem baseada na pesquisa de orçamentos familiares
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-02-29) LOBO, Hiran Julio da Fonseca; VOGT, Camila De Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5931551158048124
This study focuses on analyzing the composition of Brazilians’ diets, highlighting the proportion of macronutrient consumption from ultra-processed foods and its relation to the Bolsa Família Program (BFP). Considering that the consumption of these food groups is influenced by inequalities in food systems, and therefore related to the socioeconomic and regional characteristics of beneficiaries. Using data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics’ (IBGE) 2017-2018 Family Budget Survey (POF), we applied a multinomial logit model to identify the variables determining the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods in the diet. Additionally, we employed the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method to analyze the impact of BFP on the consumption of calories, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids. The results of the multinomial logit model indicate that the consumption of processed and ultra-processed foods increases when households are located in urban areas. In these cases, there is a 111% increase in the chances of consuming more than 60% of calories from processed and ultra-processed foods. For the South, Southeast, and Northeast regions, the chances increase by 67%, 96.7%, and 83.3%, respectively. However, for the northern region, the chances decrease by 17%. Regarding the program’s impact results, after conducting PSM, the results indicate a reduction in the average of 2.42% of calories from these foods, a reduction of 1.88% for carbohydrates, a reduction of 1.85% for proteins, and a reduction of 2.32% for lipids. However, even with the program generating this effect, the average consumption of these foods for beneficiaries corresponds to about one-third of their diet.
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Ensaios em economia Kaldoriana
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-05) SILVA, Sérgio Felipe Melo da; ALENCAR, Douglas Alcantâra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6019986023580234; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-998X
This doctoral thesis is structured into three essays, arranged in three chapters, and deals with Kaldorian Economics in relation to other theoretical approaches and applications using input-output analysis. The first essay seeks to establish a theoretical connection between the ideas of economists Nicholas Kaldor and Giovanni Dosi, based on an analysis of the regional production technological structure using the input-output methodology created by Wassily Leontief. This approach is applied to the economy of the Legal Amazon (Brazil), specifically the state of Pará. The preliminary application of the Kaldor-Dosi perspective, with the help of the Leontief input-output matrix, allowed for specific conclusions to be drawn about the dynamics of the mineral extraction industry in relation to the productive structure of the state of Pará. The second essay focuses primarily on structural change, which arises from theories of economic development from various theoretical schools, mainly linked to the manufacturing industry. The essay proposes its own approach, called complexity with an evolutionary approach, which results from the connection between distinct theoretical approaches, namely the Kaldorian approach, based on Kaldor's Laws, the Neo-Schumpeterian approach, also called evolutionary, especially the theory of technological paradigms and trajectories, and the approach of economic complexity. The methodology used is structural decomposition analysis, which is a technique within the framework of the input-output methodology. The third essay seeks to identify the systemic importance of the industries of the Manaus industrial complex and, thus, the Amazonian manufacturing industry in the economy of the Amazon region and the rest of Brazil. This is done through a theoretical approach that relates the interregional perspective to Kaldor's Laws in the discussion of economic development. The theoretical aspect of this article is the approach of Kaldor's Laws combined with the assumptions of Regional Economics from an interregional perspective and the approach of technological innovations. It is understood that the forces that operate in the interregional dynamics are also determinants to explain the movements of economic performance of a region or country. The methodological apparatus is input-output analysis, through the hypothetical extraction technique.
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Ensaios sobre distribuição, mudanças climáticas e produtividade no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-06) LIMA, Andressa Magalhães; ALENCAR, Douglas Alcântara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6019986023580234; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6077-998X
The dissertation addresses two articles that investigate different aspects of Brazilian economic growth and its relationship with factors such as income distribution and pollution. These studies offer an in-depth analysis of Brazil's economic dynamics, highlighting the importance of understanding the complex interactions between economic and environmental variables. The first article, titled "Brazilian Economic Growth in Light of Post-Keynesian Theory of Functional Income Distribution", examines the application of post-Keynesian theory to understand whether Brazil's economic growth between 2003 and 2015 was driven by wages or profits. The analysis concludes that the period in question was characterized by profit-led growth. The second article, "Growth, Productivity Regime and Pollution Applied to the Brazilian Economy from 1980-2016", explores how pollution, especially CO2 emissions, influence Brazilian economic growth within the context of post-Kaleckian growth regimes. It is concluded that the concentration of pollution has a negative impact on labor productivity, leading to a Brazilian economy under a profit-led growth regime during the period from 1980 to 2016. Both articles contribute to a deeper understanding of the determinants of Brazilian economic growth and offer important insights for the formulation of public policies aimed at sustainable and inclusive development. In short, the dissertation provides a comprehensive and multifaceted analysis of the challenges and opportunities faced by the Brazilian economy in its search for balanced and environmentally responsible economic growth.
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Estratégias reprodutivas baseadas em diversidade no campesinato amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-03-26) VIEIRA, Timni; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908; SILVA, Harley Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1485109352201821
This research aims to examine the strategic meanings that various degrees and forms of diversification take on, in contrast with specialized forms, as observed in representative Amazonian peasant groups from traditionally agricultural areas of the region. To this end, an analysis was conducted of different strategies involving diversity versus specialization and the probabilities of their occurrences, their economic logic, and the forms they take. The empirical basis included data from interviews conducted in 345 family units in the northeastern Pará and metropolitan Belém mesoregions, covering 15 municipalities. The methodology considered the stratification of the sample into degrees of family development, area groups and available work, and groups of reproductive efficiency and diversity, with reproductive efficiency measured from the proxy of average rural income per equivalent worker.The allocation of observed and expected frequencies of families regarding their efficiency and use of productive diversity in different structural contexts of land and labor showed that, in general, these families seek to diversify their production, even if they achieve lower reproductive efficiency. Agriculture was the activity with the greatest participation in the average rural family income of families that use diversification, and this strategy resulted in a higher average than families that use productive specialization. Equivalent worker and reproductive efficiency variables are statistically significant in explaining the average rural income of these families. However, average area and diversity are intrinsically related and should be more deeply analyzed.
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Governança ambiental nos municípios da Amazônia Legal Brasileira através dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável: um exercício de mensuração
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-05) MOIA, Gabriel Costa Maciel; DINIZ, Marcelo Bentes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9883675147089188
This present work aims to evaluate the contribution of environmental governance as a mechanism to mitigate environmental issues in the Amazon region, which is intrinsically linked to low social development and high levels of forest loss in the 772 municipalities that make up the Legal Amazon. These municipalities, organically, demonstrate a potentially reduced capacity to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Environmental governance is essential for understanding the involvement of civil society in the dynamics of natural resource exploitation, especially forest resources. In this context, the study primarily utilizes the factorial analysis method, selecting indicators that reflect the quality of environmental governance in the region to promote the SDGs, specifically goals 4 (quality education), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 8 (decent work and economic growth), 13 (climate action), and 15 (life on land). Additionally, indicators were chosen based on the application of what constitutes good governance, referred to in two dimensions, "governance quality" and "access to information and social assistance". The results indicate that environmental governance in the region is characterized by five dimensions: "economic and demographic growth," "educational inefficiency," "forest preservation," "decent housing," and "environmental degradation." Furthermore, in the formation of the final environmental governance index composition, it was observed that municipalities with lower deforestation rates have a better quality of environmental governance, confirming its importance and commitment to meeting the SDGs. It is expected that this work will serve to highlight missed opportunities due to the absence of civil society participation, emphasizing the importance of sustainability for local development.
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Inovação, diversificação tecnológica e desenvolvimento regional: compreendendo a economia de Campina Grande – Paraíba em contexto de políticas de desenvolvimento endógeno
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-05) XAVIER, Carlos Augusto Couto; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639
The main objective of this Thesis is to understand whether the development policies implemented in Campina Grande are able to reflect the aspirations and practical objectives of the theoretical models based on the ideas of endogenous development. As a premise of the work, it is assumed that the local economic evolution characterized by a path dependence process, which is reflected in the control of the main institutions of the municipality, essentially contributes to the non-use of the endogenous potential of its main arrangements. In addition to the introduction and final considerations, this work is divided into three other chapters, which discuss from the analytical categories of support to regional development policies, passing through the territorial economic evolution of the municipality of Campina Grande and its transitions, to the attempt to connect local industrial stimulus policies in relation to the theoretical approaches used as support for the implementation of endogenous development policies in peripheral regions. It appears that the local innovation system does not have the attributes to be able to use existing knowledge and make it available for social absorption, capable of determining and changing the course of history itself or that, given the perspective generated around the sectors that continue influential in the political and economic fields, as well as the dominant trajectories, the balance of forces is still insufficient for this type of policy to be implemented. As much as the literature in the context of endogenous development advocates the need for systemic interaction between the local productive structure, knowledge generation, ST&I policies and local development agents, this is not the perceived scenario. However, by integrating economic historical trajectories in order to generate and proliferate other situations capable of involving a larger local population contingent, an environment conducive to development emerges with good prospects.
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Pobreza multidimensional na Amazônia Legal: uma perspectiva das atividades econômicas ambientais entre 2000 e 2010
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-12-15) OLIVEIRA, Rickson Nixon Barbosa; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
The Legal Amazon encompasses nine states (Amazonas, Amapá, Acre, Rondônia, Roraima, Pará, Tocantins, Maranhão, and Mato Grosso), comprising 772 municipalities and the Amazon rainforest, rich in natural resources. The dynamics between individuals and the re gion's resources are evident in the diverse environmental economic activities, ranging from agriculture, livestock, mineral extraction, and forest production to activities that seek to reduce or cause environmental impact. Previous studies, such as Celenta no (2010), Diniz (2007), Sousa (2016), Rosa (2021), and Kageyama (2006), identified that the Amazon region presents high levels of multidimensional poverty, with deficiencies in health, education, and housing conditions. Therefore, this research aims to in vestigate multidimensional poverty in environmental economic activities between 2000 and 2010, to identify whether multidimensional poverty is higher in environmental activities compared to non environmental activities. Thus, the central question of this s tudy is: In which environmental economic activities is multidimensional poverty expressed most prominently? The database used was the Brazilian Demographic Census, and the CNAE 2.0 classification was used to identify environmental economic activities. The Alkire Foster method of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) was used to calculate poverty, and Moran's I statistic was used to identify spatial correlations of the MPI between municipalities. The research shows that multidimensional poverty is more pr onounced in activities related to agriculture, livestock, fishing, aquaculture, and forest production. Specifically, in the groups of temporary and permanent crop activities. The states of Mato Grosso and Tocantins are where the MPI is lower compared to th e other states, and the spatial correlation was positive, meaning that there are high MPI values concentrated in municipalities of the Legal Amazon that are correlated with neighboring municipalities, mainly in the region known as the "arc of deforestation".
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Pobreza multidimensional, território e meios de vida na região da Ilha das Onças, Município de Barcarena-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-07-02) RODRIGUES, Danuzia Lima; BAGOLIN, Izete Pengo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9977571999200680; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-7677; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
This thesis deals with a study on the territorial dynamics that has developed in the region of the islands around the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB), state of Pará. The study is organized from a general introductory chapter on the Amartya Sen's training approach and its theoreticalmethodological developments in the field of multidimensional poverty assessment. Three chapters are presented in the form of articles dealing with the evaluation of multidimensional poverty based on different methodologies applied to a field study carried out in Ilha das Onças, municipality of Barcarena. For each of the chapters, we sought to develop and present alternative theoretical and methodological tools aimed at presenting a new look at the problem of the relationship between poverty and development, based on a key mediation commanded by a look at the territorial dimension. The first article, presented in chapter 3, starts from the observation of the impacts of the ongoing urbanization process throughout the region of the Amazon River Delta. Movement that includes the process of urbanization and growth of the Metropolitan Region of Belém (RMB). Chapter 4 deals with the application of a synthetic index inspired by the Multidimensional Poverty Index (IPM), adapted to the territorial conditions of the Island of Ounces. Chapter 5, in turn, deals in a specific way with the study developed to evaluate the vulnerability conditions of the livelihoods of the population living on the Island of Onças, which aims to be carried out based on the analysis of qualitative and quantitative conditions that are evaluation of the levels of training of the inhabitants of the island. The results point to the complexity of assessing multidimensional poverty when viewed from its territorial aspects. The process of increasing the vulnerability of riparian populations could be evaluated at the same time as the urbanization process advances. In this sense, it has been observed that, despite the improvement in income conditions, the local population still feels quite restricted in terms of the scope of their substantive freedoms, which seems to be accompanied by an increase in their degree of vulnerability to an excessive level of specialization that has led the population to a low degree of productive diversification.
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Pobreza na Região Metropolitana de Belém sob os enfoques teóricos das capacidades e do espaço social
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-11-16) BRASIL, Marília Carvalho; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
The general objective of this study is to study the relationships between poverty and social structure from monetary and multidimensional perspectives for the Metropolitan Region of Belém in the period 2000 to 2010. The main data sources used were microdata from the 2000 and 2010 Demographic Censuses. In the multidimensional analysis, the multidimensional poverty indexes (MPI) were constructed based on the Alkire-Foster method (2007, 2009). The typology developed by the Observatory of Metropolises, which adopts the Bourdieusian perspective, was used to analyze the social structure. In the first decade of the 21st century, there was a significant reduction in the proportion of poor people in the RMB from an income perspective. This trend was observed both for the RMB as a whole and for all metropolitan municipalities. The decline in monetary poverty indicators in the RMB followed the national trend that occurred in the 2000s as a consequence of economic conditions and public policies. By adopting multidimensionality in poverty analysis, it is possible to perceive the heterogeneity that exists in the areas studied, as advocated by Amartya Sen. Comparing the indicators of the two approaches, the results point to higher levels of poverty captured by the multidimensional perspective, when compared to the monetary perspective. This situation occurs for all levels of aggregation: regional, municipal and weighted area. The results of multidimensional poverty indicate that there was a small increase in the proportion of poor people in the RMB as a whole. The levels of multidimensional poverty presented were very high in comparison with the national averages in the period 2000/2010. The public policies that contributed to removing the condition of multidimensional poverty from a significant portion of the national population do not seem to have presented the same results for the RMB. Regarding the social structure of the RMB, it is clear that there is a progressive increase in the population classified as deprived as one advances in the social structure when considering the various indicators that make up the MPI (incidence, intensity and MPI). The population at the top of the social pyramid considered poor is significantly smaller than that at the base. As in the analysis of regional and municipal aggregates, the dimensions that acted to intensify the deprivations of the population residing in the RMB were education and standard of living.
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Poder de barganha e participação dos cônjuges no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma análise baseada em modelos de escolha coletiva
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-16) MORAIS, Geási; CIRINO, Jader Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2232741827552440; SANTOS, Ricardo Bruno Nascimento dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3685339264701382
This research analyzes the determinants of spousal participation in the Brazilian labor market using an approach based on collective choice models. Utilizing microdata from the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNADC) and employing Probit and Heckit models, the study identifies how individual and socioeconomic factors influence decisions to join the Economically Active Population (EAP) and allocate time to paid work. The findings reveal that higher wages reduce the likelihood of labor market participation, reflecting the income effect. However, for those already employed, higher wages increase working hours, indicating the presence of the substitution effect. Two distribution factors were tested, which are variables that affect the distribution of bargaining power among household members without directly influencing individual preferences or the family budget constraint. Adjusted age differences and non-labor income participation significantly impact bargaining power distribution within families. Adjusted age differences negatively affect wives' labor market participation, particularly among childless couples. Women with significantly older husbands are less likely to join the labor market, while husbands in such contexts are more likely to participate and work more hours. Control over non-labor income proved relevant to bargaining power, especially for wives, who exhibited greater flexibility in reducing their labor supply. The study underscores the importance of collective models in understanding intrafamily dynamics, showing that labor decisions are shaped by spousal bargaining rather than the predictions of traditional unitary models. In terms of public policy, the research recommends implementing incentives for professional qualifications targeting childless couples and providing childcare support for couples with children. These measures aim to expand families’ options and promote their well-being more comprehensively.
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Revelando a economia não observada dos produtos florestais não madeireiros no estado do Pará: os caminhos e desenvolvimento no processo de construção da metodologia das contas sociais alfa CSª
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-07-06) BARRETO, Ellen Claudine Castro Paes; FERNANDES, Danilo Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2839366380149639; COSTA., Fernando de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908
The general objective of this research was to estimate the Agroextractive Social Accounting, consisting of the observed and unobserved economy of the NTFPs of seven integration regions of the State of Pará. For this purpose, the regional input-output system generated by the methodology of the Alpha Social Ascending Accounts (CSα) was adopted. The data used to carry out the research are from the study of NTFPs in the seven integration regions of Pará by Idesp - Institute for Economic, Social and Environmental Development of Pará and in partnership with Ipea - Institute for Applied Economic Research estimated for 2019, within the scope of the Bioeconomy of Sociobiodiversity project developed by an initiative of The Nature Conservancy (TNC), with support from the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and Natura. To meet the general objective, the thesis was structured in three articles. Article 1 presents the applicability of the Alpha Social Ascending Accounts methodology to estimate an economy not observed by the Regional Accounts System adopted in Brazil. Article 2 presents the importance of PNFM in the state of Pará, using the Social Accounts Alpha (CSα) method to give visibility to the observed and unobserved economy of PNFM, through the Regional Accounts System adopted in Brazil, in 2019. Then, Article 3 analyzes the intersectoral relations of the observed and unobserved economy of PNFM in conditions of limited information of seven Pará Integration Regions, in 2019, in order to evaluate the applicability of the CSα methodology. It is concluded that the proposed approach made it possible to build a basic regional system capable of capturing the peculiarities of the economies of PNFM in seven Pará Integration Regions. Contribute to the methodological discussion about the estimation of regional input-output systems in conditions of limited information.
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Sistemas Nacionais de Inovação (SNI): tipologia e variáveis determinantes para as 50 maiores economias
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-01-30) MARTINS, Carlos Eduardo Rodrigues; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2876006208419919
The main objective of this work will be to analyze the SNI of the 50 largest economies with the intention of generating a typology for the analyzed systems. Search through the use of a factor analysis analysis model using cluster analysis and panel data, classify and understand the trained NIS and generate a methodological procedure that makes it possible to monitor the evolution of innovation systems. The work will also analyze, after analyzing the SNI typologies, econometric models with panel data for the types of SNI generated, with the aim of finding which variable principles are most important for the house typology. As main results, the SNI were divided into three distinct classes. The determining variables to explain the performance of the developed systems were: innovative capacity and environment, human capital and net direct investment. Each of these thermals presented greater or lesser importance according to each typology found. In general, the variations in research and development expenses, resident and non-resident patents, scientific articles and publications and higher education expenses were the most significant variables in explaining the development of the SNI.
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A trajetória de inovação brasileira e as políticas públicas: uma abordagem da desindustrialização a partir da década de 80
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) PASCOAL, Célia Danielly da Silva; DINIZ, Márcia Jucá Teixeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2876006208419919
The present work began with a neo-Schumpeterian approach highlighting elements such as institutions, in order to build a parallel with the concept of paradigms and innovation, with the aim of emphasizing the path taken by firms, which developed through routines, as being procedures that tend to include improvements that drive a country's economic growth. Since, when this accumulation of knowledge does not occur continuously or is interrupted, there is a delay as a whole. The path taken by Brazilian industry through its three phases emphasized in this study is directly connected with the five analytical currents developed in the literature on deindustrialization. It became the orderly and necessary sequence to create a consistent foundation, with the aim of discussing the public policies that were employed in the same period in the world context, mentioning the example of some countries and how they improved their respective plants by investing in R&D, and compare them with the policies implemented in Brazil. In this way, the data served as support for the ratification of the deindustrialization process in Brazil experienced from the 1980s onwards.

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