Dissertações em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (Mestrado) - PPGAU/ITEC
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4463
O Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo está inserido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (PPGAU), da Universidade Federal do Pará. É um curso ministrado sobre a responsabilidade do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da UFPA.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise urbanístico-ambiental: condomínios fechados horizontais “Ecológicos” da Região Metropolitana de Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-10) SILVA, Marta Gonçalves Tavares da; PONTE, Juliano Pamplona Ximenes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9287377245887247; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7668-8409This dissertation starts from the concern to investigate whether the housing typological structure, called Horizontal Closed Condominiums present in the Hydrographic Basins of the Metropolitan Region of Belém, present themselves as a solution for an ecological urban settlement. It is a housing typological structure that,in order to provide regulation as a settlement, promotes legislative cuts and finds connivance and prerogatives on the part of the public power that approves it. The Ecological Horizontal Closed Condominiums use the philosophical ideals of naturalism, creating a real estate product disseminated as a preservationist urban settlement, active in the production of urban space. Promotionally, they are place names with a commercial purpose of an ecological product boasting a tamed, reserved and exclusive nature. The objective is, therefore, to analyze theperformance and the form of occupation of the Ecological Horizontal Closed Condominiums in the scale of the Hydrographic Basins of the Metropolitan Region of Belém, specifically in BH Ariri and BH Benfica, if in fact they present urban performance - environmental, being able to be classified as ecological structures, since they are offered as an urban typology that is intended to have less environmental impact. Considering the typology of the Ecological Horizontal Closed Condominiums, this dissertation has the contribution in the method of the comprehensive approach in the field of Landscape Architecture, proposing to use the rationalization of the environmental dynamics and the urban occupation, culminating with the study of the functionality of the Hydrographic Basin - fundamental for ecological analysis - guided by urban and environmental parameters observed through aspects of vegetation cover, permeability - greater relevance to environmental performance - capillarity and morphological studies regarding the design of the urban mesh / road system, complemented with the base of social data, population density, income, and the presence of subnormal agglomerations in the Hydrographic Basins. The spatial arrangement of this housing is nothing more than a marketing real estate product with a preservationist philosophical content of very low permeability, they are structures that, in addition to ignoring the environmental aspect, are configured as propellers to the increase of impermeable surfaces, determining unsatisfactory socio environmental consequences, enhancing the environmental risk to the population present in the Hydrographic Basins. In view ofthe empty specificities that constitute this housing product -, freely established in the urban territory, directed only by housing zoning -, they are authorized to be called urban aberrations implanted in the territory, refuting aspects of ecological settlement and, therefore, establishing themselves with an environmental hoax.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Descompasso do “modelo” na urbe amazônida: o caso de Porto Velho, Rondônia(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-30) MORELATO, Adriana Hiromi Nishida; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395The establishment of the company town Madeira Mamoré Railway Company represents the genesis of the city of Porto Velho. Since then, the city´s urban expansion has been characterized by the hegemony of the functionalist logic of production, aimed to the exploitation of natural resources and capital accumulation. In contrast to the pre-existing way of life, which was based on a harmonious relationship of diverse communities and the natural environment, focusing on the coexistence of both parts. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the consequences of the city model adopted at the origin of Porto Velho, based on the pragmatic and functional patterns of the company town MMR, and how it affected the population’s quality of life and the coexistences on the natural environment. Hence, we sought to understand the city standards of the industrial society in the 20th century through the analysis of the Urbanism anthology elaborated by Choay (1965), and to demonstrate that the expansion of capital over the Global South occurred as a re-presentation of the colonialism based on the need for domination and domestication of a different local reality. Authors such as Fanon (1952), Acosta (2009) and Cusicanqui (2015) were used to highlight the need for a holistic and cosmopolitan view of the reality of the cities in the Global South, especially in the Amazon area. Targeting a true development, aligned with the de-colonial concepts. The order-disorder, progress-delay and rupture-continuity dichotomies were used to analyze the city of Porto Velho in its genesis and contemporaneity, considering the "space production agents", "infrastructure provision", " road network", "socio-spatial organization", "housing" and "natural elements" categories. As a result, the inefficiency of the exogenous solutions that led the process of creation and expansion of the city was proven. This welcomes and reconcile the Amazonian diversity with the human needs, based on an alliance between ancestral knowledge and new technologies, constituting, finally, innovative alternatives.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O espaço periurbano de Belém (PA) entre transformações, resistências e re-existências(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-03-28) VICENTE, Letícia Ribeiro; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia DuarteIt is understood that the peri-urban spaces of cities in the Amazon are today border spaces, where it is possible to perceive disputes and coexistences between different productive activities and different ways of life, which have undergone rapid transformations in recent decades. Areas of urban expansion, enterprises and industrial facilities coexist with areas understood as traditional, occupied by riverside communities, indigenous and quilombola communities. On the one hand, we can see the movement of transformations (arrival of the new/modern, disarticulations), and, on the other hand, resistance (maintenance of the old/traditional, search for the maintenance of ways of life linked to nature). At first sight these movements function as opposites, or as double negation, thesis and antithesis. But there are also syntheses, which are manifestations of the culmination of several re-existences, in which apparent dichotomies coexist and the possibilities of possible paths for the Amazon reside. To understand the transformations and local resistance, the stages of urbanization (spatial-time) presented by Lefebvre (1999) were used, divided into rural, urban-industrial and urban-utopia eras. From a dialectical perspective, the rural era works as a thesis. This era is present today through manifestations understood in this dissertation as resistances. As an antithesis, the second stage of urbanization, the urban-industrial era, is understood here as transformations. As a synthesis, the era of urban-utopia is presented as a possibility to glimpse what was called re-existence. In an attempt to contemplate a little of the regional diversity, the object of study of this dissertation is built around the peri-urban space of Belém (PA), a city (and municipality) that works as a significant example for historically playing the role of an Amazon metropolis. To this end, the peri-urban space of Belém (PA) was analyzed considering the transformations and resistances that permeate its socio-spatial production throughout history, as well as the contemporary re-existences that demonstrate the potential for emancipation and strengthening of communities that depend on of nature management. The discussion about peri-urban spaces in different contexts was presented, bringing it closer to that of Amazonian cities. In the analysis of the peri-urban space of Belém (PA), it was concluded that historically this space was constituted as a regional extended peri-urban space, since Belém had great political and economic centrality, which made it possible to articulate and interact directly with several places within the Amazon. It is considered, however, that from the second half of the 20th century onwards, several national and international processes diminished the centrality of Belém and its ability to exert influence regionally. It was noted at the local scale that the availability of land in the peri-urban space of Belém makes the peripheral, the expansion area and the communities that depend on the management of nature mix. Through some selected case studies, the re-existences that permeate the socio-spatial production of the peri-urban space of Belém were also investigated and analyzed. The re-existences made it possible to visualize that the constitution of the peri-urban space of Belém is, on the one hand, directly linked to economic, political and cultural impositions from distant places, and at the same time, it presents an enormous potential for the emancipation of local communities, which emerges from the alliance between culture, nature, and social justice. It also points out the recognition of otherness as a path to the era of urban-utopia.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto: a significação cultural da arquitetura hospitalar moderna em Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-10) LEAL, Larissa Silva; MIRANDA, Cybelle Salvador; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3254198738703536; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-989XThe cultural significance points to a valuation given by man, which encompasses several aspects, such as historical, social, aesthetic, architectural and even spiritual, thus making the human being the creative center of all significations. As an example of the historical building that houses the current João de Barros Barreto Hospital, we try to gather the multiple functional dimensions and the meanings connected to the architecture in order to characterize it as a form of assistance patrimony. The six-story monoblock building was built between 1938 and 1959, showing the influence of modern architecture precepts in the way of building public buildings in Brazil, translated mainly in the architectural detailing, such as the use of brise-soleils and cobogos in the rectilinear façades. In this context, the way the hospital's social agents create, register and propagate meanings is apprehended and interpreted through the ethnographic method, whose attribution also addresses the memories that permeate the former Barros Barreto Sanatorium, as well as demonstrates the articulation between architectural space and the relationships developed in it. Thus, the evidence of the importance of the perceptions of the social, historical and cultural contexts point to the process of patrimoniality, from the point of view of social agents, corroborating to demonstrate the importance of the recognition of a heritage based on lived experiences, narratives, affective relationships, in addition to history, which characterize its existence and, in the case of HUJBB, the resistance in face of the transformations given in the name of a modernization of the hospital space.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A ilusão da igualdade: natureza, justiça ambiental e racismo em Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-07-31) MIRANDA, Thales Barroso; CARDOSO, Ana Cláudia Duarte; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3138101153535395; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1866-453XThis master thesis comes from a concern about the lack of recognition of social and racial inequalities as structuring elements in the production of urban space in Brazil, mainly by environmental studies. Address the exploitation of the environment to achieve profit and favor certain social classes that have control of land ownership, and social and political power, it has been the most common approach in the Brazilian context. In the context of an Amazonian city like Belém, flat relief and water stand out as historically dynamic elements of urban occupation and disproportionately more severe environmental consequences for certain social groups. Thus, this master thesis aims to reveal environmental injustices and social and racial inequalities in the production of the urban space of Belém, historically marked by rentier urban growth, by territorial dispute and countless environmental consequences. The methodological procedure was diverse, first of all it started with a bibliographic review about nature, Brazilian racial issue, and the sociospatial formation of Belem. Then, it was made analysis of urban growth patterns of the metropolitan region of Belem, through digital rating techniques of orbital images, with two periods of time (1984 to 1999 and 1999 to 2018). The same period of time selected were used to analyze the urban occupation and the hydrological impacts in the river basin of the Metropolitan Region of Belem. To conclude, it was made analysis of socioeconomic, racial, environmental and urban infrastructure data of Belem. The obtained results show that there is a correlation between the urban spot, the vegetal cover and the reduction of adequate rates for the operation of river basins in the Metropolitan Region of Belem. Furthermore, it was verified that two out of three people live in the flooding area of Belem, which is mostly composed of black and low-income people. It was also verified that the overflow in the city match with the flooding susceptible areas, due to the lack of urban drainage and the incapacity of public management of the territory, masked with a speech which blames the nature. It is conclude that the environmental issues in the urban space of Belem affect unequally the population of the city and they are based on structures of political, economic and social power grounded in racism and inequality.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) A mulher e a cultura arquitetônica na modernização de Belém: discursos e práticas entre 1950-1970(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-11) LIMA, Izabelle Karoline Machado; VIDAL, Celma de Nazaré Chaves de Souza Pont; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782346426511704; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3437-3844