Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2343

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Uma abordagem funcional das savanas amazônicas: atributos de anuros em um mosaico de paisagens naturais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-28) PASCHOALINO, Rosana Campos; PINHEIRO, Leandra de Paula Cardoso; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1114107627897774; SANTOS-COSTA, Maria Cristina dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
The structure of natural assemblages may result from selection of species and functional traits, according to their tolerance to certain environmental factors, which are related, for example, to vegetation type and water availability, may influencing functional diversity in ecosystems. We investigated the influence of different phytophysiognomies of Amazonian savannas on functional diversity of anurans, in the Carajás National Forest, Brazil. We also investigated a possible divergence of functional traits among the phytophysiognomies due to environmental differences using a null model. Three field expeditions were conducted in 2008 and 2010, during rainy season, dry season and the transition period between rainy and dry seasons. We sampled 32 sample units distributed in three sites: North highland, South highland and Tarzan highland. Each sample unit was distant at least 200 m from each other. Surveys for the presence of anurans were based in active visual and acoustic searches. We calculated functional diversity using the MPD index, considering the occurrence of anurans in each assemblage. Functional diversity of anurans did not differ among the vegetation types. According to null model, there was a functional convergence, that is, the sites are similar in species and functional traits. Our results suggest that despite the mosaic distribution and environmental differences, the landscapes are surrounded by Amazonian savanna matrix, which, due to some factors (historic, spatial, and environmental), did not differ in the functions performed by anurans in each phytophysiognomy. In any case, we found that anurans play important roles in local ecosystem functions.
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Análise cladística de Edessa (Hypoxys) com a descrição de um grupo novo de espécies (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-12-10) MENDONÇA, Maria Thayane da Silva; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Genus Edessa has many problems of taxonomy and nomenclature, but to make the revision of the genus in only one study becomes impracticable due to the large number of species (<600 species), so it was proposed to review small groups of species. The subgenus Hypoxys is a monophyletic group according to the single phylogenetic analysis, supported by four synapomorphies. This subgenus of Edessa has 17 described species and more than 40 new species for science, according to an unpublished revision. Thus, this work aims to propose a group of species within Hypoxys, to describe 15 new species, and to make an identification key for them, as well as to run a cladistic analysis to Hypoxys. Thereby, we intend to test the monophyly of Hypoxys and relationship among species with the inclusion of more species and new characters. Thirty-five specimens from national and foreign institutions and private collections were analyzed. These specimens were described, measured and photographed. For the cladistic analysis, a data matrix with 35 taxa and 39 characters was made using Mesquite software, the matrix was calculated in TNT and the cladogram was edited using WinClada. The maximum parsimony was used to run the cladistic analysis. To reduce the final number of trees implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) was used. To verify the values of clade support, the relative bremer support and the symmetric resampling method were calculated. The analysis without implicit weighing resulted in 73 trees with 78 steps, consistency index 57 and retention index 89. The analysis with implicit weighing (k = 2 to k = 6) resulted in 37 trees with 76 steps, consistency index 59 and retention index 90. Tree topology was similar using or not implicit weighing. All resulting trees from relative bremer and symmetric resampling showed high branch support for Hypoxys and the target group. The results corroborate Hypoxys as monophyletic, being formed by three large groups, which share seven synapomorphies and three homoplasic synapomorphies: ventral coloration of the humeral angles of color; scutellum with dark spot in the anterior third present; apex of the dorsal rim fused to the margin of the posterolateral angles; excavation in rounded metapleuron; no roughness of the textured surface of the evaporatorium; presence of the dorsal rim with a thickness variation from the center to the posterolateral angles; format of the straight paramere; presence of a flap in the ventral region of the proctiger; presence of a "carpet of hairs" on the ventral rim; expansion of the ventral rim of the tumid. In addition, the target group has other additional diagnostic features, they are: the posterior region of the hyaline pronotum, brown, extending to the posterior margin of the pronotum; conexivum without stains; two pairs of circular, dark spots on the ventral part of the thoracic surrounded by a greenish ring; ventral region evenly green with a central yellowish color in the abdomen; dark and circular spots next to the pseudosutures; posterior margin of the gonocoxite 8 projected later. The result of the analysis showed the clade Hypoxys as monophyletic, as well as the target group of this work composed by 15 new species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística e descrição de um novo gênero de Edessinae (Hemiptera, Heteroptera e Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-06) NUNES, Benedito Mendes; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise cladística e novas espécies de Grammedessa Correia & Ferandes, 2016 (Heteroptera, Pentatomidae, Edessinae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-04-26) SILVA, Paulo Augusto Lima da; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
The genus Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 has twelve species and was proposed without a cladistic analysis. The main diagnostic feature for Grammedessa are the black stripes on dorsal side of the head, these stripes are also present in specimens that were not initially considered part of the genus due to the absence of the other diagnostic characteristics of the group. The objective of the present work was to analyze Grammedessa using the cladistic methodology and to test if the initially excluded species would be or not part of this genus. A total of 45 specimens were examined. The descriptions followed pre-established models for descriptions in Edessinae. The cladistic analysis was performed exclusively with morphological characters polarized through the outgroup method, the matrix was composed by thirty-six terminal taxa, twenty-for in the outgroup, twelve in the ingroup, and forty-three characters in its mostly, binary. For the phylogenetic inference, maximum parsimony method was used using heuristic search algorithms, T.N.T. software was used. At the end of the analysis without weighing, eight equally parsimonious trees were obtained (L=108, CI=49 and IR=80); Using implicit weighing (n=6) three more parsimonious trees were obtained (L=109, CI=48 IR=80), and the consensus tree was presented and discussed. The hypothesis that Grammedessa is monophyletic was tested and corroborated by two synapomorphies: the dorsal region of the head with longitudinal stripes formed by spots and punctuation, the posterior side of the proctíger presenting a raised keel; Eight new species were described for the genus; Edessa Botocudo Kirkaldy, 1909 was transferred to Grammedessa.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das comunidades de formigas em uma área de extração madeireira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-07-30) KETELHUT, Suzana Maria; HARADA, Ana Yoshi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4410204692155098
This work presents a comparative study of ant fauna communities inhabiting in a primary tropical forest and two types of logging systems (Managed and Traditional) located in Paragominas, PA, Brazil. From each area, ants were sampled using pitfall traps (Majer & Delabie 1994) in six 200m transects separated from each other by 100m. Differences in ant fauna diversity in the three forest types were tested using índices of diversity (Shannon, Simpson and Fisher's Alpha) and richness estimates protocols (Colwell Coddington 1994). Species composition was evaluated through affinity analysis (Scheiner 1992) and indices of similarity (jaccard and Morisita-Horn). A total of 134 ant species belonging to seven subfamilies and 42 genera were identified in the entire area. From these, 90 species were found in Primary Forest, 90 in Managed logged forest and 84 in the Traditional logged Forest. Differences between habitats could be detected by comparing diversity and similarity indices in different transects/habitats. There were no differences in índices when absolute values were compared for each habitat. Results from richness estimate protocols indicate that ant fauna was similar between habitats and suggests that ant fauna diversity was underestimated. Periodic variations on pluviosity had a strong effect on diversity and richness estimates in the three forest types. The ant fauna composition was similar between habitats; however, a high mosaic diversity could be detected by using affinity analysis, suggesting that the ant community is composed of complex gradients. Thus differences in ant composition would be detectable at smaller scales.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biologia e estrutura populacional das espécies da família sciaenidae (Pisces : Perciformes), no estuário do rio Caetê município de Bragança, Pará-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-03) CAMARGO-ZORRO, Mauricio; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
This study aimed to assess the average biomass and spatial and temporal distribution of the family Sciaenidae fishes in the estuary of the Caeté River, northern of Brazil, with special reference to the species Stellifer rastrifer, Stellifer naso, Macrodon ancylodon and Cynoscion microlepidotus. Age at first sexual maturity (L50), spawning season, the length-weight relationships, food diet, population consumption by biomass (Q/B), population structure and dynamics were estimated. 6 Bimonthly samples were taken in the estuarine area of the Caeté River, from October 1996 to August 1997. The average biomass of the family Sciaenidae was 0,840g/m². The spatial distribution in the system was related to spawning and recruitment. Juveniles of S. rastrifer, S. naso e M. ancylodon occurred inside some areas in the estuary, although larger individuals were abundant outside where salinity is higher. The L50 values were 10cm, 10,7cm e 21,5cm respectively. Two spawning periods in a year were found, which determine the recruitment of two cohorts, with different growth parameters. The length-weight relations were allometric and no differences were found by sex. An ontogenetic change was found in the diet composition of these species; young prey zooplancton and adults feed predominantly on larval stages of decapodes and poliquetes, and juveniles of fishes. Diet overlaps changed during the ontogenic development of each species. The relation Q/B indicated that S. rastrifer and S. naso consume more food in relation to the body size, in opposite to the larger species like M. ancylodon and C. microlepidotus. The fishes of the Caeté River presented higher growth and low longevity when compared to the same species inhabit the higher latitudes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Canais e poros do sistema laterossensorial cefálico em Callichthyidae (Ostariophysi: Siluriformes: Loricarioidea): anatomia comparada, sinonímia e implicações gilogenéticas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-02-02) LEÃO, Manuela Dopazo de Vasconcellos; WOSIACKI, Wolmar Benjamin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0040413891328104; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4013-8501
The lateral line mechanoreceptor system is typically composed of a series of neuromast contained in canals that are connected via pores and traverse dermal bones of the head. This system is an important sensory modality in most stages of fishes life history because it allows organisms to detect changes in water flow sites and weak electric fields. The lateral line canals system may vary significantly in different species of fishes, even in closely related species. Such variability includes the presence or absence of pores and canals, as well as the number, location, branching and width of the canals, as well as the number, size and location of the pores in the canal. Callichthyidae is the third most diverse family within Loricarioidea (Siluriformes), allocating 220 valid species, being easily recognized for having the body almost completely protected by bony plates, basically arranged in two longitudinal series. It is currently subdivided into two subfamilies: Callichthyinae and Corydoradinae and has been used in studies of the lateral line system since the 19 century, and characters referring to this system are used as a diagnosis among recently described species. However, the group lacks homology assessments of the canals and pores of the cephalic laterosensory system. The aim of the present work is to investigate the characters related to the cephalic laterosensory system of Callichthyidae through describing the comparative anatomy between the taxa and postulate about the homology of this system in order to reconstruct the characters within the group in a combined matrix analysis of morphological and molecular data. In addition, a review and redefinition of the anatomical nomenclature used for laterosensory canals and pores in the family was performed. In this study, 31 characters were validated and 4 synapomorphies were found for Callichthyidae, as well their respective lineages, evidencing the importance of investigation of characters of morphological complex not traditionally used. The present study also shows that once combined with other morphological data, they reflect greater consistency and resolution in both a phylogenetical and taxonomical context.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O coatá-de-testa-branca (Ateles marginatus) do baixo Rio Tapajós, Pará: distribuição, abundância e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-02-16) RAVETTA, André Luís; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The white-fronted spider monkey, Ateles marginatus, is an endangered species according to IUCN. Endemic to Brazilian Amazonia, its status is due to a combination of a relatively restricted geogaphic distribution and the growing human presence within this area. The present study focussed on the BR-163 (Santarém-Cuiabá) highway, on the right bank of the lower Rio Tapajós, a region of prolonged and intense human occupation. The principal aim of the present study was an evaluation of the distribution and abundance of A. marginatus within this area, and analysis of the factors determining these variables. Residents were interviewed informally at 16 sites in order to confirm the presence or absence of the species. Line transect population surveys were conducted at eight sites, representing differing degrees of habitat fragmentation, with a total transect length of 697.6 km. Groups of A. marginatus were monitored at two sites for the collection of data on their behaviour and ecology. The results indicate that the species is absent from some areas, including natural lacunae in its distribution as well as a zone of local extinction, that appears to extend as least as far as 60 km south of the city of Santarém. A total of 23 species of nonflying mammals were recorded in the population surveys, but the presence of A. marginatus was confirmed at only three sites. The study indicates that isolated fragments of forest of less than one hundred hectares are unable to support populations of A. marginatus. In the case of larger fragments, the presence and abundance of the species appears to be influenced more directly by human factors (hunting and logging). The species seems to be relatively rare even in continuous forest, which is similar to other populations of Ateles in Brazilian Amazonia. Two groups, one with eight members and the other with at least twenty, were identified during monitoring. As in other members of the genus, the formation of subgroups (fission-fusion), a relatively high proportion of females in the population and a frugivorous diet are also observed in A. marginatus. The study reveals the critical situation of the species in the region, in the face of human occupation, and the urgent need both to deter the process of habitat fragmentation and establish new protected areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Composição e biogeografia da avifauna das ilhas Caviana e Mexiana, foz do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1994-01-14) HENRIQUES, Luiza Magalli Pinto; OREN, David Conway; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451507856491990
The islands of Caviana and Mexiana, located in the mouth of the Amazon River, are composed of fluvial sediments and well consolidated lands that date from the Terciary and that were separated from the continent by tectonic action at the beginning of the Holocene. The composition of the avifauna of these islands is analized both from the biogeographical and the ecological points of view. I registered 148 bird species for Caviana Island and 183 for Mexiana Island. The discrepancy between the size of the two islands (Caviana is larger than Mexiana) and the number of species observed is due to undersampling of Caviana. However, the analysis of faunal composition demonstrated that Caviana is richer in forest species than is Mexiana. In contrast, Mexiana showed a greater richness of birds of open habitats. These differences suggest that the rising of sea level at the beginning of the Holocene caused the extinction of greater part of the fauna of the understory ou Mexiana. The portions of Mexiana Island with "teso" vegetation were not submerged, maintaining their characteristic avifauna, which is also represented on Marajó Island. To analyse of the distribuitions of 157 species I subdivided the avifauna into seven categorias: widespread distribution in South America (77 species); widespread Amazonian distribution (25); distribution restricted to eastern Amazonia (7); distribution restricted to south of the Amazon River and east of the Tapajós River (3); distribution restricted to várzea (19); widespread distribution in northern Amazonia and absent from the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium (5); and widespread distribution in Central Brasil (21). I did not find elements restricted to the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium. This fact is related to ecological rather than historical factors. The pattern related to northern Amazonia can be interpreted as the result of recent dispersal, the system of islands at the mouth of the Amazon, or by the formation of the Purás and Gurupá Arches, which, associated with the lowering of sea level during Pleistocene, established a connection between lhe right and left banks of the Amazon River. The dispersal occurred in both directions, explaining lhe existence of a large number of species and subspecies with distributions restricted to eastern Amazonia, as well as the dispersal of Central Brasilian elements to north of the Amazon River. This last component of the avifauna is a1so related to the expansion of open vegetations, characteristic of Central Brazil, during glacial periods.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A comunidade zooplanctônica em um canal de maré no estuário do rio Caeté, Bragança (Pará, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-04-30) PERES, Ariadne da Costa; ISAAC, Victoria Judith; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3696530797888724
There are few studies mede about zooplankton in estuaries of Bragança region, Pará State. This work was done in a tidal creek, named Furo do Chato, next to Ajuruteua, Bragança's district which is part of Pará State seashore and aimed to study lhe zooplankton qualitative and quantitative composition, as well as lhe sazonal variations and the environmental effect variables of the zooplankton composition. From August/96 to January/97 every three weeks for a period of 24 hours, zooplankton samples were taken every two hours. Furo do Chato is a tida l creek with strong coaste! influence. Hence the great majority of lhe zooplankton categories found are from coaste! water. Besides holoplankton and meroplankton components, lhe zooplankton samples from Furo do Chato has a strong bentonic component. Ten phyla were identified: Protozoa, Mollusca, Chordata, Annelida, Cnidaria, Arthropoda, Urochodata, Chaetognatha, Nematoda e Bryozoa. The Copepoda class had higher representative, even for density, biomass as well as occurrence frequency in the community. The most abundant and frequent Categories (>40%) were Pseudodiaptomus marshi, Acartia lilljeborgi, Acartia tansa, Harpacticoida, Sagitta sp., Oikopleura dioica, Cnidaria, Isopoda, crabs zoeas, shrimps post-larvae and fish larvae. The average densities and biomass were low (1,07 indiv./m³ e 16,43 mg/m³). The zooplankton community is more abundant in the transition months than in the dry period. The highest abundances took place at night and during the spring lides. Tide, salinity and different moon phases did not infiuence in the zooplankton as a whole, but only in some categories isolated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição de um gênero novo e três espécies novas de Edessinae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12-07) ALMEIDA, Flávio Roberto de Albuquerque; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245
The family Pentatomidae is the fourth most diverse among Heteroptera, comprising about 4.700 species divided in, approximately, 800 genera. The family is a monophyletic taxa characterized by the loss of gonapophyses 8, gonapophyses 9 reduced and fused to gonocoxites 9, gonangulum absent and the ductus receptaculi dilated and invaginated, forming three distinct walls. The subfamily Edessinae is the second most diverse, comprising about 320 species divided in nine genera: Edessa Fabricius, 1803 (about 300 species), Ascra Say, 1832 (14 species), Brachystethus Laporte, 1832 (10 species), Peromatus Amyot & Serville, 1843 (seven species), Olbia Stål, 1862 (three species), Pantochlora Stål, 1870 (one species), Doesburgedessa Fernandes, 2010 (five species), Paraedessa Silva & Fernandes, 2013 (nine species) and Grammedessa Correia & Fernandes, 2016 (12 species). The genus Edessa has many taxonomic and nomenclatural problems related to the lack of a reliable diagnosis. In this way, species which have general characteristics of the subfamily and did not fit in the diagnostic features of other genera of Edessinae are considered to belonging to Edessa. This practice made the genus a "deposit" of species with indefinite limits. The proposal for the genus is to revise Edessa in groups of species sharing morphological distinctive characters (possible synapomorphies). One of these enigmatic groups of Edessa is formed by Edessa celsa Distant, 1890 and three allied new species. Here we describe a new genus for these four species sharing a unique set of characteristics and compare with Hypoxys, subgenus of Edessa with similar facies. Diagnosis, illustrations of the metasternal process and external and internal genitalia, photographs of the dorsal and ventral view, and a distributional map are provided. A key to the genera belonging to Edessinae and a key to the species of Plagaedessa are also provided. Male and female genitalia of Plagaedessa celsa n. comb. are described for the first time. Distribution of P. celsa is extended to Costa Rica and Mexico. The lectotype of Edessa celsa is here designated.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e comparação morfológica da terminália feminina das espécies de Agromyzidae (Diptera: Opomyzoidea)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-05-10) MONTEIRO, Nilton Juvencio Santiago; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
Agromyzidae is a family of phytophagous flies with great morphological similarity. The male terminalia is the main structure that helps in the identification of the species. However, the female terminalia has been largely neglected by most of the works until now. In this study, the female terminalia of 27 species in 9 genera of Agromyzidae (Japanagromyza Sasakawa, Melanagromyza Hendel, Calycomyza Hendel, Galiomyza Spencer, Liriomyza Mik, Nemorimyza Frey, Phytoliriomyza Hendel, Phytomyza Fallén, Pseudonapomyza Hendel) have been described which were deposited in the Museu de Zoologia da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) and in the Entomological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). Female abdomens were cleared in 10% KOH, dissected and the female terminalia were drawn using a microscope with camera lucida. The shape of the ninth abdominal segment, the spermathecae and the number of marginal cerdae were important characteristics to identify each species. The shape and length of the egg guides were useful to identify both subfamilies of Agromyzidae (Agromyzinae and Phytomyzinae). Some considerations about similar characteristics have been based in hypothesis for the phylogenetic relationship among genera of the family Agromyzidae. It is expected that the results of this study will be useful for the identification of female specimens from now on.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Descrição e notas taxonômicas comparativas das terminálias femininas de espécies de Peckia robineaudesvoidy, 1830 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) da Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-04-03) CAMARGO, Sofia Lins Leal Xavier de; CARVALHO FILHO, Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7987049452090800; ESPOSITO, Maria Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112497575917273
Description and comparative morphological notes of female terminalia of species of Peckia Robienau-Desvoidy, 1830 (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) from the Brazilian Amazon. In order to contribute and allow specific identification of female of the genus Peckia, the terminalia of 15 species that occurs in Brasilian Amazon are described, illustrated and an identification key to females is given. Besides gena color and the presence of setulae in gena and calypter, the shape of spermathecae and tergite 6 can also be used in the subgenus determination. The sternites 6, 7 and 8, the position of spiracle 6 and the microtrichosity of tergite 6 reveled important to specific identification. The tergite 8 is present only in the species Peckia (Pattonella) intermutans (Walker, 1861). The shape of vaginal plate, a structure present only in four species of subgenus Peckia, differs in shape and can be used to characterize these species. Therefore, a combined analysis of these features of female terminalia is necessary in the species determinationof the females of Peckia. Peckia (Peckia) hilifera (Aldrich, 1916) is recorded for the first time from Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Determinantes da estrutura de comunidades de insetos aquáticos em riachos na Amazônia: o papel do habitat e da escala especial
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-01-30) BATISTA, Gilberto Nicacio; HAMADA, Neusa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1512994126787334; JUEN, Leandro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1369357248133029
Aquatic ecosystems are highly complex environments, mainly due to interactions between their abiotic and biotic components; they are dependent on variation in physical structure and limnological characteristics, which in general, are factors that specifically act on different spatial and temporal scales. Therefore, considering this complexity in structuring stream habitats, particularly in Amazonian lotic ecosystems, this doctoral thesis aims to evaluate which are the determining factors to structure aquatic insect communities and their distribution according to environmental variation and geographical distances. To meet this goal the thesis is divided into four chapters. In the first, a systematic revision was carried out with a global assessment about the use of insects (Chironomidae: Diptera) in monitoring aquatic ecosystems and their responses as bioindicators. We found that the main issues presented in the studies were related to anthropogenic impacts on aquatic ecosystems and the taxonomic difficulties on the use of species identification to biomonitoring. The second shows analysis of distribution patterns and diversity of Chironomidae communities, under predictions of Metacommunity models, to evaluate the relations of the assemblages with the spatial scale and the environment. The main results showed that the assemblages were mainly affected by components of the physical habitat structure and partly the communities were limited by dispersal among the streams when considered at large scale in the region studied. The third showed analysis of functional composition on the communities of aquatic insects (Coleoptera, Diptera, Ephemeroptera, Hemiptera, Lepidoptera, Megaloptera, Odonata, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) and their responses to variation in habitat structure considered under the assumptions of the Habitat Templet. Overall, we found relationships between the distribution of morphological and functional traits with the physical habitat variables. The fourth chapter evaluates the effect of spatial distance on the community similarity of Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera, Plecoptera communities in two regions of Eastern Amazon. In this final chapter, we find differences in the composition of communities expressed as species replacement because of the geographical distance and local environmental characteristics of each region. Finally, the studies developed in this thesis summarized how the structure of the habitat of streams can affect the aquatic insect communities and variation in the riparian structure and physical habitat, can cause variation in taxonomical composition and functional attributes. In summary, from these findings, we conclude that the physical habitat variables are determining factors in structuring aquatic insect communities. In addition, it is highlighted the importance of local factors (riparian vegetation structure/composition of substrates/limnological characteristics) as explanatory variables for taxonomical and functional composition. In addition, the regional factors (geographical distance / dispersal limitation) are essential components to affect similarity and structure of the communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dez novas espécies de Amphidraus Simon, 1900 (Araneae: Salticidae: Euophryini) e três novas combinações
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-21) SOUZA, Alexandre Salgado de; RUIZ, Gustavo Rodrigo Sanches; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3135887179267009
Ten new species of Amphidraus Simon, 1900 from Brazil are described: A. belzonte sp. nov. (♂), A. bifidus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. caxiuanan sp. nov. (♂), A. draconicaudatus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. janauri sp. nov. (♂), A. loxodontillus sp. nov. (♂), A. mysticetus sp. nov. (♂♀), A. nigrigenu sp. nov. (♂), A. pulvinus sp. nov. (♂) and A. simplex sp. nov. (♂♀). A new diagnosis is proposed for the genus and three new combinations are established for species presently misplaced in Amphidraus: Nebridia parva Mello-Leitão, 1945 = Titanattus parvus (Mello-Leitão, 1945) new comb., Nebridia manni Bryant, 1943 = Truncattus manni (Bryant, 1943) new comb. and Nebridia mendica Bryant, 1943 = Truncattus mendicus (Bryant, 1943) new comb. Several new records for A. santanae Galiano, 1967 are provided, enabling brief comments on the morphological variations founded.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição e abundância de médios e grandes mamíferos na Amazônia central
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) RAVETTA, André Luís; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Medium and large mammals are an important protein source for many human populations, and, depending on the species, their populations may suffer reductions related to hunting and consumption, habitat degradation or both. The distribution and abundance of these animals can vary with the quality and quantity of the surrounding forests (influence of natural and human factors). The study of this variation may help define public policies for the management and conservation of species and to analyze the effectiveness of protected areas. This study aimed at improving the knowledge of the medium and large mammal distribution patterns in order to evaluate a public policy for the western part of the Para State, which was the implementation of Sustainable Forest District of BR-163. In a study case, the geographical distribution of a species of primate, the white marmoset (Mico leucippe) was expanded based on new records for the region. The Maximum Entropy algorithm was used to predict the potential distribution of species based on its potential ecological niche and assist in defining the geographical boundaries for future surveys. The result of this study served as a parameter for reviewing the conservation status of the species, which had its status changed to the category of "Least Concern" in the national and the IUCN Red lists. In the second part of the study population surveys were conducted to identify the factors influencing the pattern of distribution and abundance of medium and large mammals. For this purpose, densities of species were estimated based on linear transects surveys and analyses of the relation between the density distribution and environmental variables, such as temperature, rainfall and altitude, and anthropogenic variables, as a percentage of deforestation, distance to cities and towns, and distance to roads. There was low variation in species abundance along the DFS of the BR-163, and variation in responses depending on the species, but in general there was influence of rainfall (average annual rainfall and rainfall in the dry season) and anthropogenic factors (proximity roads) on density variation. Increment in the sampling 11 effort was analyzed for the most abundant species and has led to increased precision in the density estimation but did not indicate substantial change in the estimate. The relationships found were not strong enough to allow a generalization about the area, but the results establish a parameter for future comparisons, given the good condition of the sampled areas. This was the first study of mammals in the region for that scale, which matched an actual public policy for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade de helmintos parasitos de uma população de Osteocephalus cabrerai (Anura: Hylidae) na Amazônia brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-10) NEVES, Jorge Kevin da Silva; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8935-2923
Amphibians are good models for studies of parasite diversity due to their wide range of life strategies, standing out as hosts for various groups of nematodes, trematodes, cestodes, monogeneans, and acanthocephalans. The structure of parasitic communities in anurans can be influenced by various biotic or abiotic factors. Despite being extensively studied, the taxa found are rarely identified to the species level. To date, no parasitological studies have been conducted on representatives of Osteocephalus cabrerai, leaving the parasitic fauna of these anurans completely unknown. This study aims to characterize the diversity of parasitic helminths of O. cabrerai from the Beija-Flor Brilho de Fogo Extractive Reserve. This thesis comprises two chapters. The first chapter consists of a published Research Article that presents the first records of parasites for O. cabrerai, analyzing the composition and characteristics of the parasitic community, patterns of parasite distribution, and the correlation between host biotic factors and the characteristics of the community. We predominantly found nematodes with a monoxenous life cycle, high prevalence, and abundant infection. Most specimens represent the first record of parasites for the genus Osteocephalus. Additionally, in our analyses, individuals with greater body mass tended to have higher susceptibility to parasitic helminth infections. The second chapter presents a Short Communication with the first molecular and phylogenetic analyses involving A. pella, concluding that the genus Aplectana is not monophyletic. We provide the first study on the helminth community structure of O. cabrerai and add the first sequence of Aplectana from the Neotropical region. Thus, we enhance the understanding of the diversity and ecology of parasitic helminths in anurans, as well as the phylogenetic relationships of species within the family Cosmocercidae.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversificação morfológica e molecular em lagartos Dactyloidae sul-americanos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-03-30) D’ANGIOLELLA, Annelise Batista; CARNAVAL, Ana Carolina de Queiroz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1268469210243345; PIRES, Tereza Cristina Ávila; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1339618330655263
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia trófica e espacial de Dendropsophus melanargyreus (Cope, 1887), D. minutus (Peters, 1871) e Scinax ruber (Laurenti, 1768) (Anura: Hylidae) em um fragmento Florestal na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-20) BARROS, Rafael de Assis; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Three key factors determine the main niche of the species: diet, use of space and time. The trophic and spatial niche show an important role in the reproductive success of frog species than cohabit restricted environments as temporary ponds. The target species of this study are common in temporary ponds in areas of urban fragments located in the eastern Amazon region. With this, our main objective were analyse how three species of sintopics hylids, share the trophic and spatial resources among themselves, and what mechanisms are used to avoid potential competition. For this, we use different measures and diet analyses and habitat use, and test whether the species are sensitive to environmental and structural factors in ponds where they occur. None of the factors (diet, use of space, influence of environmental factors) was limiting to the coexistence of the species, due no there are negative interaction between them. The studied hylids utilized several strategies than help reduce overlap among the species, how the use of different microhabitats, perches at different heights, ponds with different depths, using different degrees of food importance to items shared by species and the use of unique food items of each specie. In addition, environmental and structural factors of microhabitats, influence directly the abundance of two of the species studied, regulating their population size and auxiliary in their reproductive period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da monocultura da palmeira de dendê (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) sobre a fauna de primatas na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-25) MINEIRO, Ivo Gabriel Barros; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581