Dissertações em Ciências Ambientais (Mestrado) - PPGCA/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2855

O Mestrado Acadêmico em Ciências Ambientais teve início em 2005 e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais (PPGCA) do Instituto de Geociências (IG) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em parceria com o Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG) e a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA/Amazônia Oriental).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sustentabilidade e do potencial de implantação de uma reserva da biosfera no Marajó, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-02-13) QUINTELA, Patrick Diniz Alves; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986
The sustainable development agenda has emerged as a new paradigm associated to the relationship between economic growth and the use of natural resources. Inasmuch, its assumptions should guarantee for future generations the balance between the processes of nature and society. The Man and Biosphere Program, launched in 1971, has been considered as one of the most important biological conservation programs of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The strategy of creating Biosphere Reserves (RB) has moved the scope from global policy to local implementation projects. These units have since 2008 taken on the task of consolidating pristine areas in the construction of sustainability, combining natural landscapes with sustainable use through the participation of local populations. In this context, this interdisciplinary research analyzed the environmental and economic conditions of the municipalities of Marajó, Pará, applying the tool Barometer of Sustainability (BS). In addition, such results were used in the analysis of the challenges for the implementation of a Biosphere Reserve in the Marajó. Of the municipalities that make up the Marajó territory, 13 were pointed as potentially unsustainable, and the remaining three fell within the intermediary range of sustainability. According to the Barometer of Sustainability scale, all municipalities demonstrated critical socio-environmental conditions, creating an additional challenge for the implementation of the Biosphere Reserve due to such development background.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de indicadores de desenvolvimento sustentável em Moçambique: uma aplicação do barômetro da sustentabilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-09-25) MAXLHAIEIE, Martinho Julião; VIEIRA, Ima Célia Guimarães; lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490
In recent years it has develop methods for assessing the progress towards the sustainable development (SD) at the national, regional, or local scale through Sustainable Development Indicators (SDI). The importance of the use of this tool for the implementation of public policies, based on the SD, was held at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992. Although they are very important in the evaluation process, these tools are currently little known and its use has not been well done. In Mozambique, the application of tools for sustainability analysis in its several dimensions was not performed properly due to lack of data on indicators, methodologies and especially the absence of a solid institutional structure to monitor effectively the implementation of the Environmental Strategy for the Sustainable Development of Mozambique. In this context, this research aims to analyze the level of sustainable development of Mozambique, in the period of 2001 and 2014, by applying the Barometer of Sustainability (BS). The BS is a two-dimensional analysis method that encloud two subsystems: the human and the environment. From them are calculated synthetic indexes called "environmental well-being index and "human welfare index”. The research is bibliographical and documental and 40 indicators were selected and defined performance ranges for each indicator. The result shows that Mozambique is on a performance or Potentially Unsustainable condition in 2014 compared to the Unsustainable condition in 2001.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise e modelagem hidrometeorológica na Bacia do Rio Tocantins em Marabá-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2008) SANTOS, Daniel Meninéa; SOUZA, Everaldo Barreiros de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6257794694839685; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The objectives of the present work is to develop a statistical model to predict discharge or flow in Marabá-PA, as well assess the atmospheric dynamic structure associated with the extreme hydrological regime observed in the Tocantins river basin. The hydrological model based on multiple linear regressions uses time series derived from fluviometric and pluviometric stations which are obtained from ANA database. Validation tests of the statistical model with Nash coefficient above 0.9 and standard error of 1.5% and 5% during flood and drought periods, respectively, allow generating predictions of discharge with antecedence of 2 to 4 days (3 to 5 days) for the flood (drought) period. Through composites technique considering all years with record of above/very above discharge and below/very below discharge in Marabá, obtained from percentiles method, it was investigated the precipitation characteristics in basin scale and the dynamic aspects observed in each month (November to April). The composites of years with above/very above discharge showed that the rainfall on the basin was above normal in all months, and the large-scale patterns indicated a configuration associated with La Niña phenomenon over Pacific and cooling conditions over South Atlantic; intensification of both zonal/meridional ascending branch of the Walker/Hadley cell; intensification of the Bolivian High anomalously placed eastward and negative ROL anomalies associated with the joint occurrence of ZCAS and ZCIT. Conversely, the composites of years with below/very below discharge showed a predominance of precipitation below normal throughout basin, which was associated with the conditions of warming (El Niño) over Pacific, and also warm TSM anomalous over South Atlantic, cell of Walker and Hadley with weak upward movement, the positioning of the High Bolivia westward with positive ROL anomalies indicating inhibition of tropical convective activity. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of the socio-economic impacts in the main centers of Marabá revealed that approximately 10 thousand (5% of the population) people are affected by Tocantins river floods with costs in the flooding operations above R$ 500.000,00, considering the 2005 case.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise etnoecológica da floresta de várzea da ilha de Sororoca, Ananindeua, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-03-16) ALMEIDA, Adrielson Furtado; JARDIM, Mário Augusto Gonçalves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9596100367613471
Was analyzed ethnoecology aspects of the tree species in 2 ha of floodplain forest on the island of Sororoca, municipality of Ananindeua, state of Pará. The floristic was assessed through floristic inventory in eight plots of 50 x 50 m, which were measured all trees with diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥10 cm to 1.30 m and calculated the relative density, relative frequency, relative dominance value indices of importance and coverage. Information on the use, management and season of use were obtained through interviews with local residents. The results showed 3.054 individuals in 20 families, 47 genera and 53 species. Fabaceae and Arecaceae stood out with the greatest number of species. Euterpe oleracea represented 69.01% of the individuals identified, with the largest number of individuals, relative dominance, importance value index and value index coverage. The main use of 49 species concentrated on the craft category. The months January to April amounted to the time of use and management of the species coincides with the rainy season the level of precipitation and relative humidity higher.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise multitemporal da sustentabilidade de uma comunidade extrativista no estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-08) NASCIMENTO, Thaylana Pires do; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8335-9593
Among the existing ecosystems in the Amazon biome, there are the floodplains (dense alluvial ombrophilous forest known as the estuary floodplain forest), where traditional communities, such as indigenous peoples, quilombo community, rubber tappers, chestnut trees, babassu coconut breakers and the riverside. The main economic activities carried out in these floodplain forests are extractivism, mainly the collection of açaí fruits, the extraction of palm hearts and wood, artisanal fishing, and shrimp capture. The objective of this research was to evaluate the changes in relation to the sustainable use of the Environmental Protection Area of Ilha do Combú (APA Ilha do Combú), relating the current economy from non-timber forest products, with the economic strategies used by the riverside people in a time frame of 30 years. The methodology used was field research based on interviews with the application of semi-structured questionnaires in 10 key families. The benefits and disadvantages of creating the APA Ilha do Combú were raised, where the increase in the number of bars and restaurants seems to be going against the wishes of the local population. It was confirmed the hypothesis that the intensification of açaí management on the properties resulted increase in the profitability of the inhabitants of the Island in relation to what was achieved in 1990. However, this factor results in a greater dependence on this product to the detriment of other NTFPs listed in 1990.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da viabilidade da legislação ambiental para o pequeno produtor rural no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) CUNHA, Helen Theyla Costa da; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do tratamento de efluentes da indústria de alumina no contexto dos impactos da mineração na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-26) BARBOSA, Renata Kelly da Costa; BERRÊDO, José Francisco; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1338038101910673; FRANÇA, Silvia Cristina Alves; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9463680545957601
The state of Pará has one of the world's largest mineral reserves, and bauxite, the rock from which aluminum is extracted is particularly plentiful here. However, the process for obtaining aluminum produces impactful environmental waste (red mud), a highly caustic residue. The general objective of this study was to characterize the effluent (solid and liquid phases) generated by alumina refining, and to evaluate the efficiency of the DAF ( Dissolved Air Flotation) process in order to improve the quality of this, so that it might be possible to reuse the water. The observed results were as follows: the chromium concentration in Pará River is higher than the legal limit. The riverbed sediment has low bioavailability due to its characteristics of silt and fine sand, and is composed mainly of quartz. The collected phytoplankton and oysters near the refinery showed high levels of aluminum and other chemical elements (Ca, Co, Cu, Mg and S), especially when compared with those from the control point. The red mud is composed of fine particles of chemical composition 50% Fe2O3 and Al2O3. DAF tests showed satisfactory results with solids removal efficiency reaching 99% with T-8 and 99.4% in the E-4f, with final turbidity values less than reached 8.5 NTU. The recycle ratio and the concentration of flocculant were shown to be important variables in the experiments, and showed exhibited better results in the removal efficiency of solids. Acute and chronic ecotoxicological tests showed good results in the efficiency of wastewater treatment by using the DAF. It is expected that this study will contribute to scientific knowledge, and may serve as an alternative for the treatment of effluent from the alumina industry. Moreover, the study reached important results that can help improve the quality of waste water and its reuse in the manufacturing process, which can reduce water consumption and environmental risks.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Balanço de água em área de cultivo de soja no Leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007) BISPO, Carlos José Capela; RIBEIRO, Aristides; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8652338930029697; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020
The expansion of the agricultural frontier, driven mainly by soy cultivation (Glycine max (L) Merrill), covers a large regional extent and is highly important to understanding the changing face of Amazonia. A field observation experiment was established to study water balance components of the soy agriculture ecosystem and analyze the impact of the water balance associated with forest conversion. The experiment also evaluated the crop’s need for water according to its development phase. For the water balance study, the BRS Candeia cultivar was used along with its respective phenological phases. The experiment measured soil water storage, precipitation, plant cover water interception, superficial drainage of soil water, evapotranspiration (Etc), and water content retained by the soy plant. Water infiltration in the soil was also measured. Interception and superficial drainage were 45,9% and 1% of the precipitation, respectively. The greatest evapotranspiration occurred during the flowering phase (R1-R2) with a gradual decline in values until crop harvest and a cycle average of 3,80mm.day-1, which was very similar to that found in forest. The period between the vegetative phase (V) and fruiting (R3-R4) was when the plant presents the greatest percentage of water, declining gradually during the grain-forming phase (R5). Overall, no water deficiency occured in the mean soil water balance. Precipitation was greater than the amount necessary to compensate for evapotranspiration and supply adequate water storage, creating a surplus of water in the soil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Balanço de energia e fluxos turbulentos associados à fatores físico-químicos da água na baía de Caxiuanã
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) PINHEIRO, Amanda Nascimento; CATTANIO, José Henrique; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1518769773387350
Investigate the behavior of the energy balance on water surfaces is still a scientific challenge, since few studies are available on this topic in this type of surface. The flona of Caxiunã several years ago has become a major object of study for various field of science that support for the Amazon region. Among these fields lies the micrometeorology, which discusses among his main topics of interest are the phenomena of energy and mass exchange at the surface-atmosphere interface. Aiming to fill this lack of information, in this study the hourly and seasonal variations of the components of energy balance, such as latent heat and sensible heat flux were analyzed. With the assist of meteorological variables such as precipitation, air temperature, wind speed and direction as well as physical- chemical water parameters (albedo, tide level, turbidity, water temperature and amount of total organic and inorganic carbon) was studied the role of these variables in the energy balance in the Caxiuanã bay. A peculiarity presented by Caxiuanã bay was the water temperature always being higher than the air temperature values, demonstrating that the bay can hold large amounts of heat during the day and not lose most of this heat to the atmosphere during the night. The total organic carbon present in the waters of the bay decreased concentration throughout the study period. The latent heat flux (LE) was shown to be the dominant component of the energy balance, presenting an average value of 200 W.m-2 during most of the study period, and the sensible heat flux (H) showed a peak in May with about 50 W.m-2. The negative values of H during the nighttime show that the bay is losing heat to the environment, ie, the bay is acting as a heat source for local atmosphere, including the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características da estabilidade estática e dinâmica da atmosfera em cultivo de palma de óleo no Leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-30) CIRINO, Luciana dos Santos; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7361-5087
Considering the constant land use changes in the Amazon region, which determine the microclimate variability, the oil palm cultivation plays important roles in the environmental context and its interactions with the atmosphere. In this sense, this work aims to investigate the behavior of the atmospheric layer over an oil palm intercrop with interspecific hybrids (HIE) (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. x Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) in eastern Amazonia. The study was conducted in the company Marborges Agroindústria S.A., located in Moju, Pará. The age of the plantation was 8 years (in 2014), and the average height of the top of the canopy was approximately 8 m. The data used in this work were obtained by a micrometeorological tower, and comprise the period from January to December 2014. During the daytime period, the highest potential temperatures (θ) were observed at the heights of 2.25 m and 6.75 m above the ground, indicative of static instability. Unlike the night period, where the values of θ were higher above the top of the canopy, indicative of static stability. The less rainy period presented higher wind speeds, with a difference of 1 m/s in relation to the rainy period of the region. Through air temperature and wind speed data the static and dynamic weather conditions over the crop were investigated. Atmospheric conditions of neutrality and stability predominated in both periods (-0.25 < Ri > 0.25).
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Colonização micorrízica arbuscular em floresta secundária na Amazônia sob remoção de serrapilha e irrigação do solo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) MAIA, Rodrigo da Silva; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
We evaluate the effect of alteration of availability of substrate (litterfall) and water about the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and chemical attribut of soil in Secondary Forest in the eastern Amazon. The percentagem of mycorrhizal colonization (PMC) was analyzed in apogeotropic roots and roots present in the surface 0-10 cm layer of soil, spore density, glomalin production and physico-chemical attributes of soils in four plots of treatment to litter removal, four plots of irrigation treatment and four control plots. The plots measuring 20 m x 20 m. In each plot was collected four single samples of soil and roots divided into four areas. The results showed that litter removal reduced significantly the PMC in roots, but had no effect on spore density. The litter removal decreased availability of nitrogen and organic carbon in soil, but there was no influence of reduced availability of nutrients in the soil for mycorrhizal colonization. The Glomalin which is produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizae, and is aggregated with soil organic matter was also reduced by litter removal. The irrigation treatment did not affect the PMC, and spore density in soil and did not affect the availability of nutrients. The study allowed to show that changes in land cover can cause serious damage to the plant-fungus symbiosis.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico dos usos múltiplos das águas da bacia do rio Tracuateua - PA e sua associação com as formas de uso e cobertura do solo
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-17) SILVA, Dhne Maria Pereira da; ROCHA, Edson José Paulino da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2313369423727020; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594
The various uses of water in economic activities have caused significant changes in the quality and quantity of water resources. Currently, several studies and measures have been used by the federal and state governments in an attempt to reduce the changes of the natural environment caused by the intensification of unsustainable economic activities. From this premise, the study of the river basin Tracuateua aimed to identify the forms of water use and its association to human disturbance factors with greater interference on water resources of the municipality, and propose ways of management and management. To achieve the goal was executed: primary data collection in the field, the characteristics of the basin under study, and secondary, associated with map information, physical and socioeconomic characteristics; interviews to assess the performance of municipal management, representative civil society and of farmers; questionnaires to farmers, livestock farmers and residential users; and evaluation of information on federal and state projects for encouraging conservation practices and recovery of natural resources. Data were associated with the use of classes and soil cover of the study area, obtained by TerraClass project. The results showed that the region has a water user profile associated mainly to domestic uses and agriculture, where the threat to water resources is mainly due to the inadequate relationship between the forms of use and occupation of land and conservation of the basin, with a view to the water supply, in addition to problems related to aspect of sanitation to meet local demand. It is observed that the absence of municipal management of water resources and inadequate forms of occupation and management of land and water has contributed to the impairment of the availability of water in quantity and quality.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O efeito da fragmentação insular na paisagem e comunidade arbórea em ilhas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) BORGES, Cézar Augusto Reis da Fonseca; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
The construction of hydroelectric plants has been a new vector of forest fragmentation on the globe, especially in the Amazon, which has several dams under construction currently planned beyond. The training provides hydroelectric reservoirs in fragmented landscapes, with the creation of artificial islands (fragments), which have the peculiarity of being surrounded by an array tougher for most species, different fragments of land, having a direct effect on reducing biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the insular landscape of Lake Tucuruí, by quantifying landscape structure, as a basis for conservation implications. Concomitantly, we assessed the effects of fragmentation on the island tree community, through the structure of the landscape and edge effects, both have been one of the most ecological processes impacting on biodiversity in fragmented landscapes. The results indicated the spatial arrangement may be an approach used for conservation mechanisms in dams, but should consider specific aspects of the islands. In turn, the vegetation is still not responding to the current landscape structure, being in a phase of extinction debt, and the edge effect the main factor for the formation of plant communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A efetividade das unidades de conservação e das terras indígenas na contenção do desflorestamento na Amazônia Legal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) NUNES, Tássia do Socorro Serra; FERREIRA, Leandro Valle; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8103998556619871
Was investigated the effectiveness of the Conservation Units of Integral Protection, Conservation Units of Sustainable Use and Indigenous Lands in the inhibition of deforestation in the Amazon. Data analysis was processed in GIS (Geographic Information System) in ArcGIS 9.3. The statistical model developed to test the effectiveness of Protected Areas was based on the difference between the observed deforestation in Protected Areas and deforestation in Protected Areas estimated from the surrounding five kilometers and ten kilometers of Protected Areas. It was found that in forest area by the year 2007, the Protected Areas occupy approximately 40% of the Amazon. Conservation Units of Integral Protection occupied 7.5% of the Amazon, Conservation Units of Sustainable Use occupied 11.2% of the Amazon and Indigenous Lands occupied 21% of the Amazon. Was a significant difference in the proportion of area occupied by the types of Protected Areas among the Amazonian states. It was noted also that the internal rate of deforestation in the Conservation Units of Integral Protection and in the Indigenous Lands was lower than in the Conservation Units of Sustainable Use. The internal rate of deforestation in the Protected Areas was much lower than the rate of deforestation is external to these areas in the states of Mato Grosso, Para and Rondonia. According to the statistical model of effectiveness, 62.3% of the Protected Areas studied were effective in containing the deforestation. This model is an important instrument to direct public policy planning for the conservation of the Amazon, because it indicates the protected areas most threatened by deforestation. It is essential to establish urgently the creation of more Protected Areas in the Amazon and the consolidation of existing protected areas, since it is not known how long these areas will be able to maintain without the minimum necessary for their support.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estoque e ciclagem de carbono de sistemas agroflorestais em Tomé-Açu, Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) BRANCHER, Tobias; VASCONCELOS, Steel Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0719395243841543
Agroforestry systems (SAFs) constitute an important agricultural practice of land use directed at food production and environmental services. The objective of this study was to evaluate carbon stock and cycling of 4 agroforestry systems (SAF) with different age and species composition, and a secondary vegetation (“capoeira”), in Tomé-Acu, northeast of Pará State, Eastern Amazon. Carbon stocks in soil, litter and aboveground biomass were measured. Carbon flux associated with litterfall and aboveground biomass increment was measured over a year between 2008 and 2009. The SAFs were divided into four categories, called SAF 1, SAF 2, SAF 3 and SAF 4, being (SAF 1: cacau, açaí, bananeira e seringueira, 14 years old, SAF 2: cacau, açaí, bananeira, seringueira, taperebá, paricá e macacaúba, 14 years old, SAF 3: cupuaçu, açaí, teca e mogno, 9 years old, SAF 4:cupuaçu, açaí e paricá, 9 anos years old). In each system we set four plots, where soil and plant samples were collected, including diameter at breast height (DAP) and height (h), which were used to estimate the aboveground biomass. Within plots were installed collectors to measure the deposition of litterfall and sampled soil and litter used to estimate carbon stocks. There was no significant difference between SAFs in relation to soil carbon stock. The SAF 3 was significantly lower than the other SAF in relation to aboveground carbon and SAF 4 had the highest annual litterfall deposition among all treatments. The SAF did not differ in relation to soil and litter carbon stocks. Net primary production reached 2.54, 6.11, 9.54 and 16.27 Mg C ha-1 yr-1 in SAF 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. The age of the SAFs had no significant effect on the amount of carbon accumulated during one year.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estradas, alagados antrópicos, peixes e a fragmentação de redes fluviais em uma paisagem agrícola do Nordeste do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-04-18) BREJÃO, Gabriel Lourenço; GERHARD, Pedro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5621269098705408
Badly planned roads crossing streams can generate small impoundments in channel segments upstream these crossings, turning lotic environments into lentic ones. The aim of this work was to study the diversity and functional structure of fish communities in anthropic impoundments in northeastern Pará state. These impoundments are formed due to roads construction on the riverine network, with large or small impacts on the hydrological connectivity, subject that is largely ignored for Neotropical lotic systems. Eighteen reaches were sampled in seven streams: six crossed by roads, and one not crossed by roads, used as a reference. Five streams are located in the cities of Igarapé-Açu and Marapanim in an agricultural landscape, and two in the city of São Francisco do Pará in a forest matrix. Five of six streams crossed by roads showed the formation of large impounded areas. In these locations three reaches were selected to sample fish: one upstream, one inside, and another one downstream the impoundment. In the not impounded stream only two reaches, upstream and downstream the road crossing the channel, were selected. The selected environments were sampled once between June and November, 2010, using visual census techniques (ad libitum and linear transect) in 200 m extension reaches. Seventy three species distributed in six orders, 26 families and 63 genera were registered. Characiformes (38.4%) and Siluriformes (31.5%) were the most representative orders in species number. Characidae, with 15 species (20.5%), e Cichlidae, with 10 (13.7%), were the most representative families in species number. These species were organized in 18 functional trophic groups (FTG) formed according to the most frequency observed feeding tactics to and its observed spatial distribution during the diving sessions. The impoundments enforced modifications in the streams biotic (assemblage taxonomic and functional structure) and physical structure of the streams. These environments showed lower species richness, higher abundance and lower FTG diversity in relation to the upstream and downstream reaches. The impoundments showed larger width, depth and high temperature besides less average speed and dissolved oxygen when compared to the upstream and downstream reaches. The use of functional trophic groups approach allowed to understand how the riverine network fragmentation process interfere in the studied fish assemblage structure.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da precipitação sazonal na qualidade das águas na área de influência do lixão de Salinópolis, PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-25) SILVA, Régia Simony Braz da; VITORINO, Maria Isabel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4813399912998401; SOUSA, Adriano Marlisom Leão de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371199443425884
The rainfall directly influences in the physicochemical and microbiological water bodies composition through complex processes of surface-atmosphere interaction. However, the quality of a water body does not depend only on natural factors, anthropic influence is an important variable to be considered for the analysis of water quality. The water quality is critical to the maintenance of the environmental balance and the health of the population who uses it. Although, many studies emphasize the quality of water in dumps and landfills, assessments that relate hydrologic variables with physicochemical parameters are still scarce, especially in the Amazon region. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of seasonal precipitation in the quality of surface water and groundwater near the landfill in Salinópolis, located in the village of Cuiarana through the characterization of rainfall in the region and its influence on the physicochemical and microbiological composition of the local waters. For this, we obtained the precipitation climatology of Cuiarana and data of the monthly accumulated precipitation for the period of 2014-2015 through the CMORPH technique, infiltration rate measurement on the ground in March and October 2015, and flow measurement of the rivers Cachoeira and Teixeira in March 2015. For the physicochemical and bacteriological analysis, we selected the following parameters: pH, dissolved oxygen, water temperature, total dissolved solids, turbidity, conductivity, salinity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli; and the metals: aluminum, cadmium, lead, copper, chromium, iron, manganese, mercury, nickel and zinc. Both surface and groundwater presented unsuitable for use and human consumption. Parameters such as dissolved oxygen, iron, aluminum, lead, mercury, total coliforms and E. coli are in violation of the current legislation, for both surface and groundwater. The rainy season affected negatively the quality of the surface water, while dry period was more important to the groundwater quality deterioration. The region near the dumpsite showed greater vulnerability to a progressive deterioration of the quality of surface and groundwater, since the junction of factors such as high speed of water infiltration into the soil, topography and rainfall allow the dispersion of pollutants arising from the dump towards water bodies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evento de friagem na Amazônia Central e sua influência nas variáveis micrometeorológicas e na química da atmosfera
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-09-04) CAMARINHA NETO, Guilherme Francisco; CARIOCA, Alessandro Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899; COHEN, Júlia Clarinda Paiva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0293299378753887
The central focus of this study was to better understand the environmental interference caused by the “Friagem” phenomenon in a forest region in the center of the Amazon, considering the micrometeorological and atmospheric chemistry aspects. In order to do so, we used data from the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) research site, which is part of the Large scale Biosphere-Atmosphere program in the Amazon (LBA), data from the surface stations of the international airports of Porto Velho-RO and Manaus-AM, in addition to the reanalysis of ECMWF Era-Interim (European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) and high-resolution numerical simulations designed by JULES-CCATT-BRAMS, we investigated the impacts of the advance of the Friagem in the environment of the Amazon basin scale through the ERA-interim reanalysis, with this information a cold and dry air wave was observed penetrating the Amazon region in the South/North direction, between the days 6 and 11 July, 2014. The reanalyses of day 11 showed that the south-west flow related to the coldness converged with the easterly winds in the central region of the Amazon, and the images of the infrared channel of the satellite GOES-13 showed that the interaction between these two distinct air masses generated strong convective activity in this region, when a precipitation of 21mm was also recorded in the ATTO site. The air temperature and wind direction near the surface in Porto Velho and Manaus and above the canopy in the ATTO site were analyzed, and the arrival of the “Friagem” caused a sudden fall in temperature and a predominance of winds in the South quadrant in these regions. three localities, and these effects were seen in Porto Velho between 7 and 8 July and in Manaus and ATTO site between 9 and 11 July. From this, the analyzes were concentrated in the records of the Instant tower at the ATTO site, where it was observed that the reduction of the incident radiation due to convective activity on July 11, implied a reduction in O3 concentrations from 15:00 UTC of this day, indicating an indirect interference of the “Friagem” in the chemistry of the atmosphere. Finally, the numerical simulations revealed that the cold-related flow is shallow and restricted to vertical levels of less than 500 m, in addition, the simulations also showed that the breeze circulations of the Balbina lake possibly did not influence the atmospheric chemistry in the region of the ATTO site at the time of the cold, although the center of the lake presented higher concentrations of NO2, CO and O3 in comparison to the surface of the forest in its surroundings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fluxo de CO2 em cultivo da palma de óleo com híbridos interespecíficos (Elaeis guineensis Jacq x Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) no Leste da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-27) FONSECA, Luiz Carlos Neves da; ARAÚJO, Alessandro Carioca de; lattes.cnpq.br/6188087583954899
Terrestrial ecosystems are important for the CO2 exchange between surface and atmosphere. The objective of this paper was to characterize the daily and seasonal variation of CO2 flux in oil palm cultivation with interspecific hybrid (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. x Elaeis oleifera (Kunth) Cortés) in eastern Amazonia. The study was carried out at Marborges Agroindústria S.A., Moju - Pará, where a micrometeorological tower was installed to obtain meteorological and CO2 data from January to December of 2015. The wet season (1.974 mm) covered the months of January-June and December (P > 150 mm month-1) and the dry season (345 mm) included the months of July-November (P < 150 mm month-1). The average daily values of CO2 concentration [CO2] were lower and average night values were higher, mainly at levels below the canopy (5.8; 2.1; 0.5 m). The average daily values of CO2 uptake peaked at noon, with 22.3 (± 0.98) μmol m-2 s-1 in the wet season and 21.0 (± 0.47) μmol m-2 s-1 in the dry season. There was little nocturnal variation in the average values of CO2 emission, 5 (± 0.20) μmol m-2 s-1, in wet and dry seasons, by oil palm cultivation with interspecific hybrid. Generally, the daily CO2 exchange cycle presented a slight difference between the wet and dry season, even in drought year in eastern Amazonia.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fluxos hidrogeoquímicos em águas fluviais de microbacias do nordeste paraense e a sua relação com o uso da terra
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011) BARROSO, Daniel Fernandes Rodrigues; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2388049759708934
The Northeast of Pará is characterized by the Amazonian old settlements, where the slash and burn small farming and large pastures are predominant. Its landscape is dominated by secondary vegetation at a widely succession stage and very few mature forest remnant, which are generally situated along the rivers and streams. In this context, the present study was conducted in fourteen small catchments under different land use and four other small catchments in forested areas under low anthropic impact, with the objective of evaluating the fluvial hydrogeochemistry to support two mesobasins management in the studied region. It was detected that the chemical composition of the evaluated small stream waters is being affected by the agriculture practices adopted in their drainage areas. Hydrogeochemical changing signals were observed for the small catchments where the predominant land uses are: slash-and-burn small farming; crops with irrigation and agrochemical; and cattle farming. Moreover, we observed the importance of the forested catchments for nitrate, chloride and sodium inputs to the studied stream ecosystems. In addition, it was verified a seasonal fluvial hydrogeochemistry variation and strong effects of agriculture systems, especially cattle farming, to the monitored physic-chemical parameters, as the dissolved oxygen concentration decrease, besides the increasing of temperature, pH and electric conductivity. By the results of the present research we can infer that riparian forest is indispensable to mitigate the impacts of the agriculture systems to the water resources, and should be pointed as an important tool in the watershed management, as well as the substitution of slash-and-burn for more sustainable agriculture practices as chop-and-mulching for instance. Finally, we suggest that some of the analyzed parameters can be recommended, according to the focused land use, as environment sustainable indicators of the agriculture systems along the local watershed management in the region.