Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344

O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).

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Alimentação, distribuição espacial e sazonal das espécies de Arius (Siluriformes : Ariidae) do Estuário amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-08-30) MENDES, Fabrício Lemos de Siqueira; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
The Family Ariidae (Order Siluriformes) contains marine and estuarine catfishes distributed along the coasts of ali the continents, inhabiting tropical and subtropical shores where they live in shallow waters with sandy or muddy bottoms. In the Amazon River estuary in Pará State, Brazil, there are seven species belonging to the genus Anus (A. couma, A. parkeri, A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phrygiatus e A. proops). The aim of this study is to identify feeding preference, feeding overlap, spatial distribution and seasonal distribution of the species of genus Anus (Siluriformes, Ariidae) of the Annazon stuary. Collections were made from August to October 1996, and February to April and August to October 1997. Specimens were captured with bottom nets without escape doors belonging to the piramutaba fishing fleet of the Amazon estuary. There are two species groups in the genus Anus: those that feed on crustaceans (A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A. grandicassis, A. phtygiatus e A. proops), and those that feed on fish (A. couma, A. parken). In relation to feeding overlap, ali the species demonstrated a certain degree of feeding overlap, as well as spatial overlap. A. couma and A. phrygiatus. are the most abundant in the 5-10 m depth range and A. rugispinis, A. quadriscutis, A grandicassis and A. parkeri e A. proops in the 10-20 m range. A. phrygiatus is the only species that has a greater abundance during the rainy season, and the other species are present both in the dry as well as the rainy season.
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Análise biogeográfica da avifauna de uma área de transição cerrado-caatinga no Centro-Sul do Piauí, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-01-16) SANTOS, Marcos Pérsio Dantas; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
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Atributos funcionais como características distintivas de comunidades: o que diferencia anuros do Cerrado e da Caatinga?
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01) SANTOS, Mayra Caroliny de Oliveira; COSTA, Maria Cristina dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1580962389416378
Environmental conditions influence the distribution of organisms and modify functional characteristics. These characteristics may be morphological, behavioral, and physiological with a function. We evaluated the taxonomic and functional diversity of anurans in Cerrado and Caatinga environments in Piauí, Brazil. The anurans were collected in Floriano Municipality in the Cerrado area with cerradão phytophysiognomy and in Alvorada do Gurguéia municipality in the Caatinga with a arboreal caatinga phytophysiognomy. The sampling method was visual encounter and acoustic survey between January and April of 2018. We established six plots at least 500 meters distant between them in each location. The species composition was verified by PCoA and PERMANOVA analysis. For functional diversity, it was used the Rao’s quadratic entropy. The RLQ and the fourth-corner method related the traits to the environmental characteristics. The results showed separation and difference in the composition of the species according to the different areas. Cerrado and Caatinga phytophysiognomies showed differences in functional diversity values of anurans. Cerrado area had relation with the temperature and precipitation and the Caatinga area with the litter. The anuran composition was affected by environmental variables, but the influence on functional traits composition was not significant. Then, the composition was influenced by the environment and the distinctions between phytophysiognomies, such as the rainy season and quantity of microhabitats, were important for the differences in functional traits of anurans species, and consequently on functional diversity
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Biologia reprodutiva do peixe tetra splash Copella arnoldi (Regan 1912) em uma bacia do atlântico noroeste ocidental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-12) FARIAS, Rafael Rodrigues; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-3138; MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4936237097107099; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9370-6747
Fish that spawn in the terrestrial environment tend to have a higher energy expenditure against the risk of dehydration of eggs and the degree of survival of juveniles, eventually adjusting their reproduction to the hydrological conditions of the environment. Therefore, the present work had the objective of analyzing the influence of precipitation on reproductive aspects of tetra splash Copella arnoldi on the Taiassuí river, in a basin of Northwest Atlantic West, Pará State, Brazil. A total of 171 specimens were collected in bimonthly campaigns from August 2016 to June 2017, in laboratory standard length and total weight were evaluated, then the specimens were eviscerated for later weighing and analysis of the gonads. The gonads underwent histological routine to determine the stage of gonadal development. The mature gonads were placed in Gilson's solution and dissociated to obtain the data of fecundity and type of spawning. On average, each mature female of C. arnoldi. possessed 85 oocytes; the lowest and highest oocyte diameter frequency was in the 700-300 μm class, respectively; the modal type distribution indicates a total spawning. The L50 was estimated at 18.09 mm for females and 18.52 mm for males. The weight-length relationship indicated that females and males tend to grow in equal proportions of weight and length. The condition factor did not change in relation to the rainfall cycle, although slightly higher values were observed during the dry season. The sex ratio remained the expected (1: 1) throughout the study period, however during April and August there is a predominance of females in the population. The spawning period of C. arnoldi appears to be associated with the rainy season, since two reproductive peaks can be observed in December (early rainy season) and April (month of higher precipitation). Thus, we show that C. arnoldi synchronizes spawning with the rainy season probably due to a lower risk of egg dehydration and greater survival of juveniles.
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Comportamento alimentar e dispersão de sementes por guaribas (Alouatta belzebul) na Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (Caxiuanã / Melgaço / Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-04-13) SOUZA, Luciane Lopes de; FERRARI, Stephen Francis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3447608036151352
The behaviour of two free-ranging groups of red-handed howler monkeys (Alouatta belzebul) was monitored at the Ferreira Penna Research Station (Pará) over' a thirteen-month period in 1997/98, in order to record their ecological characteristics, especially their diet and seed dispersal. Quantitative behavioural data were obtained using instantaneous scan sampling. Invariably, the howler monkeys were relatively inactive, dedicating more than half their activity time to resting, and much smaller proportions to locomotion, feeding and social behaviour. Use of the home range was strongly influenced by the distribution of food patches, in particular fruiting trees. The diet was basically folivorous-frugivorous, although fruit was the item consumed most frequently (54.1 % of feeding records for the principal group, denominated "L") in the "winter" months (November-April), whereas leaves were consumed far more frequently (84.5 %, group L) in the "summer" (May-August). Seeds took 22:49±6:12 h, on average, to pass through the digestive tract, and ingested seeds were dispersed a mean distance of 172,0±113,8 m, although this distance was significantly greater in the winter. Germination rates recorded in tests in both field and laboratory were inconclusive on the effects of ingestion on viability. The germination rate of ingested seeds was significantly greater than the control (uningested) in only a few cases, such as that of Ficus guianensis, the principal source of fruit. Even so, ingestion did not have a marked negative effect on viability in any case. Overall, the present study reforces the view of A. belzebul as a typical howler monkey, ecologically, albeit relatively frugivorous, and playing a important role as a seed disperser in the Amazon Forest.
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Comportamento e dieta de um grupo de macacos-aranha-da-cara-branca, Ateles marginatus (É. Geoffroy, 1809), no sul da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-17) SOARES, Paola Cardias; LOPES, Maria Aparecida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3377799793942627
The distribution of precipitation over the months, influences on annual distribution of food resources and how these resources can be found in an environment causes primates to adopt different strategies in order to gain access to them. In our study, we evaluated the variations in behavior and diet of the white whiskered spider monkey (Ateles marginatus) at the Cristalino Private Reserve. The primates were followed and behavioral and diet data was systematically collected over nine months, between September 2011 until May 2012, through the scan sampling method. The variation concerning activity budget, use of space and diet was analyzed for three periods characterized by distinct rainfall amounts (early rains, rainfall peak and transition from rain to drought). At the peak of the rains, the primates apparently maximized its energy consumption, moving more (43.8%) so as to have more access to fruits, which were probably more available in the environment, eating more fruits (96.5%) and resting less (18.5%). Upper height classes (>20 to 30 meters) were most widely used during periods of rain, both at the beginning and in the peak, at least in part as a way to shelter from the rain and the ranging area and daily journey lengths were higher at the early rains period. There was a predominance of females in the subgroups, with males being more recorded (36.2%) at the beginning of the rainy season, probably to copulate, an activity that had most of their records occurring in one month (December) for that same period. Largest subgroups were recorded during periods of increased precipitation, and smaller sub-groups in drier times seem to be part of the strategy to avoid intraspecific competition. The diet was mostly frugivorous, being distinguished in the transition from rain to drought, not only by the lower contribution of ripe fruits (54.3%) as well as the contribution of young leaves (35.8%), when compared to the other two periods, when ripe fruits composed more than 70% of the diet. Diet diversity of ripe fruit was concentrated in a small number of key species of fruit trees and the fruits used to be swallowed whole, with the disposal of seed being unusual and occurring only for few species. Seeds ingested passed intact by the digestive tract of spider monkeys and caterpillars’ consumption was limited to a short period of time, constituting an alternative source of protein. Alternative items like decaying wood and earth from termite nests in months of low rainfall seem to complement the diet at the same time that also supply the primates’ diet with nutrients such as sodium, calcium and phosphorous, which are less present in ripe fruits, and the consumption of Eichhornia sp., although little recorded, suggests that these aquatic plants are important nutritional content in the diet of these primates. High frugivory of spider monkeys and their ability to disperse intact seeds away from the parent plants, reinforce its importance in the regeneration of forests and justify their conservation and their habitats. Information regarding the behavioral ecology and diet of these primates, though basic, are pioneering and essential to understand the adaptive strategies of the species.
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Composição e biogeografia da avifauna das ilhas Caviana e Mexiana, foz do Rio Amazonas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1994-01-14) HENRIQUES, Luiza Magalli Pinto; OREN, David Conway; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451507856491990
The islands of Caviana and Mexiana, located in the mouth of the Amazon River, are composed of fluvial sediments and well consolidated lands that date from the Terciary and that were separated from the continent by tectonic action at the beginning of the Holocene. The composition of the avifauna of these islands is analized both from the biogeographical and the ecological points of view. I registered 148 bird species for Caviana Island and 183 for Mexiana Island. The discrepancy between the size of the two islands (Caviana is larger than Mexiana) and the number of species observed is due to undersampling of Caviana. However, the analysis of faunal composition demonstrated that Caviana is richer in forest species than is Mexiana. In contrast, Mexiana showed a greater richness of birds of open habitats. These differences suggest that the rising of sea level at the beginning of the Holocene caused the extinction of greater part of the fauna of the understory ou Mexiana. The portions of Mexiana Island with "teso" vegetation were not submerged, maintaining their characteristic avifauna, which is also represented on Marajó Island. To analyse of the distribuitions of 157 species I subdivided the avifauna into seven categorias: widespread distribution in South America (77 species); widespread Amazonian distribution (25); distribution restricted to eastern Amazonia (7); distribution restricted to south of the Amazon River and east of the Tapajós River (3); distribution restricted to várzea (19); widespread distribution in northern Amazonia and absent from the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium (5); and widespread distribution in Central Brasil (21). I did not find elements restricted to the Tocantins-Xingu interfluvium. This fact is related to ecological rather than historical factors. The pattern related to northern Amazonia can be interpreted as the result of recent dispersal, the system of islands at the mouth of the Amazon, or by the formation of the Purás and Gurupá Arches, which, associated with the lowering of sea level during Pleistocene, established a connection between lhe right and left banks of the Amazon River. The dispersal occurred in both directions, explaining lhe existence of a large number of species and subspecies with distributions restricted to eastern Amazonia, as well as the dispersal of Central Brasilian elements to north of the Amazon River. This last component of the avifauna is a1so related to the expansion of open vegetations, characteristic of Central Brazil, during glacial periods.
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Composição e diversidade de espécies da anurofauna da Estação Científica Ferreira Penna, Floresta Nacional de Caxiuanã, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1999-08-30) BERNARDI, José Antônio Renan; OREN, David Conway; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451507856491990
This study compares the composition of the anurofauna of the four principal habitats (terra firme forest, capoeira, igapô and aquatic vegetation) in the areas of two black water streams (igarapé Arauá and Laranjal), at the "Ferreira Penna Scientific Station" (Estação Científica Ferreira Penna (ECFPn)), located in the "Caxiuanã National Forest (FLONA de Caxiuanã)", Pará, Brazil. The samples of the areas were conduct using transects measuring 850 m in length and 10 m in width. Both areas were studied in the four periods of the year and related to annual rainfall seasonality (period of transition rainy/dry season, dry season, transition dry/rainy season, and rainy season). Shannon-Weiner índex of diversity and Jaccard index of similarity were used to compare the two areas and the habitats. Samples of anurans totalled 924 individuais belonging to 29 species distributed in 15 genera and 5 families. Hylidae was the most abundant, followed by Leptodactylidae, Dendrobatidae, Bufinidae and Pipidae. Terra firme forest showed the highest diversity. The number of species recorded was highest in the rainy season. This study and those of Ávila-Pires and Hoogmoed (1997) indicate a total of 41 species of frogs for this region, a quite high number for eastern Amazonia, reinforcing the hypothesis that the low diversity of the species of frogs normally related to this region is at least partially a result of the low number of herpetological inventories carried out up to now.
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Consistência e uso das informações sobre ameaça no processo participativo de indicação de áreas prioritárias para a conservação da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-27) CASTRO, Rodrigo Baia; ALBERNAZ, Ana Luisa Kerti Mangabeira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1220240487835422
Despite academic progress, planning for conservation has failed in performing actions that prioritize biodiversity conservation. New strategies have been proposed to increase the effectiveness of conservation plans, including the realization of decision-making processes with broad participation, facilitate social acceptance of the shares. This article analyzes how information about the threats were used in the decision-making for indicating priority areas for the conservation of the Amazon, in the coordination of the Brazilian Government in 2006 process. First we verified the consistency of information on threats attributed to new areas indicated, and then assess whether the existence, levels and types of threats defined by the participants influenced the indication areas for conservation. The results show that there have been some successes in recognition of threats, but also some inconsistencies, especially in assigned levels and types of low intensity threats such as fishing. The decision making process is also not fully used this information for the indication of areas for conservation. The lack of information about the motivations of these inconsistencies leave no doubt as to the presence of political opportunism, but point out that the participatory process should be allocated a larger effort to combine the participatory decision support systems process in order to generate a priority order more quantitative and less dependent on the individual selection of the participants, to reflect more directly to actual emergency deployment.
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Contribuições taxonômicas para Palpigera Hebard (Orthoptera:Phalangopsidae) com descrição de novas espécies , novos registros e proposição de um novo gênero para Luzarina
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04) FRANCO, Lianderson Farias; TAVARES, Gustavo Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1932927205901338; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-1395-7552; FERNANDES, José Antônio Marin; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6743352818723245; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7450-5296
The subtribe Luzarina is the most representative in the neotropical region, currently with 128 valid species distributed across 49 genera. In this study, we contribute to the knowledge of the group by describing five new species of Palpigera and a new genus with a new species, Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov. The five Palpigera species were identified from 74 specimens collected in different locations in Brazil, including Serra do Cachimbo (PA), Canaã dos Carajás (PA), São José do Rio Claro (MT), Cocalzinho de Goiás (GO), and the Parque Nacional das Sete Cidades (PI). Morphological and internal genitalia analysis revealed that these species differ from other members of the genus in features such as the shape of the palpi, the tenth tergite, metanotal glands, the arrangement of the tympana on the forelegs, vein cells in the tegmina, and the morphology of the phallic complex. These species represent the first records of Palpigera for the northern and northeastern regions of Brazil. Additionally, we describe Parapalpigera amazonica gen. et sp. nov., collected in the Amazon rainforest. This new genus, probably related to Melanotes and Palpigera, is distinguished by its reduced tegmina without a stridulatory apparatus, absence of tympanum, long and thin palpi, shape of the endophallus sclerite, bifid endophallus apodeme, and shape of the female copulatory papilla. These findings expand the taxonomic and biogeographic knowledge of the Luzarina subtribe in the neotropical region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimorfismo sexual quanto ao tamanho em três espécies de sabiás amazônicos (Aves: Passeriformes: Turdidae)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 1997-11-28) SOUZA, Suely Basilio de; SILVA, José Maria Cardoso da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6929517840401044
Three species of Brazilian thrushes replace one another ecologlcally along the primary and secondary forests of the Eastern Amazonian Region, Turdus T fumigatus and T. leucomelas. These three species are monochromatic, i. e., me and female have similar plumages. Whether these species are monomorphic (i.e., if males and females are of similar size) or not has not been previously investigated. Studies in Mexican forests indicated that some monochromatic birds from the Neotropical Region are in fact cryptically dimorphic, i. e., males and females differ statistically in size when suitable statistic techniques are appiled. This work has three main objectives: (a) to evaluate the pattern of sexual dimorphism in size in T. albicollis phaeopygus, T. fumigatus fumigatus and T. ieucomelas albiventer, (b) to contribute to the study of the sexual dimorphism in size of Neotropical monochromatic birds, and (c) to provide subsidies for evolutionary and ecological studies on the genus Turdus, and also on the family Turdidae as a whole. The working hypothesis here was the three species of Turdus studied would be cryptically dimorphic in a pattern similar to the passeriform forest birds previously studied in the Mexican forests. Of the three species studied, two were found to be monomorphic (T. f fumigatus and T. a. phaeopygus) and one cryptically dimorphic (T. 1. albiventer). In the only cryptically dimorphic species, males differ significantly from females in the length of the wing, tad, tarsus and fourth toe claw. However, a reliable sexual identification cannot be performed from the discriminant linear function obtained. The reason the three species of Turdus are monomorphic or cryptically dimorphic may be associated with their pre-reproductive behavior. During the mating season. vocalization seems to be more important to attract females and for territorial defense than plumage or size. Thus, there is a strong selective pressure for vocalization of males and weak or non-existent pressure for body size. It is suggested that more research for the evaluation of sexual dimorphism in other species of Turdus and. a phylogenetic analysis of this large genus are indispensable in clarifying the evolution of patterns of sexual dimorphism in thrushes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade morfológica de aves e extinções na Região Metropolitana de Belém, Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-03) SILVA, Victória de Nazaré Gama Silva; ALEIXO, Alexandre Luis Padovan; SILVA, Rogério Rosa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5989181105383977
Morphological diversity, a concept intimately related to functional diversity, involves the characterization of the diversity of phenotypic characters and can be used as a measure of diversity in communities. The morphological approach has traditionally been applied in studies on structuring bird communities. In this study, we evaluated if bird extinctions documented in the Metropolitan Region of Belém (MRB), located in the northeast of the State of Pará, may have altered the morphological space of birds in the region. Initially, bird records for the MRB were compiled from the literature, resulting in 490 species documented. The database on regional extinctions of birds or endangered species was determined for the MRB, from literature, which resulted in four lists (subsets of the total species list in the MRB). In the final phase of data acquisition, we organized a morphological matrix for the birds of the MRB, defined by measurements of 2,360 individuals and nine characters commonly used in studies on bird ecology and morphology (beak, wing, tail, and tarsus length data). The morphological space occupied by the bird fauna in the MRB was described by a Principal Component Analysis. Morphological diversity metrics (MPD and MNND) were used to compare observed values with scenarios of extinctions in the MRB (the four lists of species that were a subset of the regional fauna). Simulated extinctions of MRB’s bird fauna were used to determine expected values in random extinction models or probability models of extinction. The results suggest that if the MRB lose species that delimit the periphery of the morphological space, changes in the morphological structure of the bird fauna can be expected, although a relatively small number of species disappear. Simulated models of extinction indicate a monotonic relationship between morphological diversity and species richness, strictly decreasing, indicating that the MRB will lose functional diversity with accumulated extinction of species; on the other hand, morphological space structure (such as MPD and MNND), suggest a greater functional redundancy of birds in the region. Taken together, the results indicate significant effects of regional extinctions on the morphological structure of MRB birds, with possible functional consequences for the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diversidade, distribuição e estrutura da comunidade de peixes na Estação Científica Ferreira Pena: Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2001-11-20) MONTAG, Luciano Fogaça de Assis; BARTHEM, Ronaldo Borges; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4192105831997326
The conservation of the biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems is one of the most important and difficult challenges in the current world. According to available information, the biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems is poorly understood in comparison with tropical terrestrial ecosystems. Thus, systematic and taxonomic analyses, the understanding of phylogenetic, biogeographical and ecological relationships represent items that need to be investigated. The first question addressed is the characterization of the ecosystem. We observed that the environmental features, mainly wideness and depth, ranges spatially along the rivers and possess the inferior zone with strong characteristics of river—lake transitional areas. The following question was to estimates fishes richness of in the Ferreira Penna Scientific Station. In order to answer this question, we used protocol techniques and obtained 130 species, of these 39 were separated by morphospecies. This fact indicates that approximately 30% of the fauna might be new or there is no available bibliography for identification. The species collected in the inventory are considered to represent a reasonable set of the ichythyofauna of the region. Lastly, we aimed to characterize fish communities and expose the patterns of distribution of species concerning the investigated habitats. As a result, we observed that the com position of species in the communities followed the substitution and addition pattern. The greatest diversity of species was observed for the final zones of the rivers. The increase in the water volume and area in some habitats of the rivers makes possible their exploitation by a larger number of individuals or new species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia alimentar de Saimiri sciureus cassiquiarensis (Lesson, 1840) (Primates, Cebidae) em florestas de várzea da Amazônia central brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-12) ARAUJO, Michele; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ecologia urbana de uma abelha nativa: respostas comportamentais de colônias de uruçu amarela (Melipona flavolineata, Apidae, Meliponini) às variações climáticas em um gradiente de urbanização
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02) GATTY, Dora Carmela Ramirez; VEIGA, Jamille Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2287525928643401; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7554-2785; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-5048
Urbanization can generate changes in the structure of the environment, also affecting physical- chemical processes. These changes over time have caused the loss of habitats and with them the reduction of populations of stingless bees, which are a group of insects important for the maintenance of ecosystems. Stingless bee populations, unlike the Apis genus, are at risk of reducing their population because they are not very flexible to changes and their possibility of adapting to urbanized areas is very low. For this reason, our study aimed to know the urban ecology of the stingless bee species Melipona flavolineata, measuring their responses in foraging behavior and posture to climatological parameters in environments with different degrees of urbanization (agroforestry-semi- urban and urban). We observed 12 colonies of M. flavolineata for five months. The observations were weekly, alternating internal and external activity. The rate of foraging (weekly average) was evaluated from 7:00 am to 11:00 am (time of greatest foraging) and bees were counted back to the colony, parallel to this process, data of temperature, relative humidity, luminosity and barometric pressure were recorded. The laying rate (weekly average) was assessed for four consecutive days in the corresponding week. The results showed that the climatological parameters had a high variation in the three collection points, affecting the performance of the bees. Barometric pressure and relative humidity had a positive and significant effect on pollen collection. Relative humidity and temperature had a positive and significant effect with the nectar foraging; barometric pressure had a negative, non- significant effect. The laying rate was higher as the relative humidity was added, showing a positive relationship; barometric pressure had a positive, but not significant, effect. The relationships between the foraging rate and the laying rate; as well as the relationship between the pollen foraging rate and the nectar foraging rate, were positive and significant and did not differ between environments, just by the amplitude of the data. Thus, we conclude that the stingless bee M. flavolineata is a species that is not tolerant of completely urbanized areas, and its capacity to adapt to environments with unfavorable environmental conditions is very limited, as its activities are restricted by high climatic variations and probably by the scarcity of food resources. In this sense, it would be good to implement studies of the urban ecology of smaller species, and to add in the studies of responses to climatic factors the barometric pressure parameter which, according to our results, affects the behavior of stingless bees
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da exploração madeireira na estrutura ecomorfológica das assembleias de peixes em riachos de terra firme na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04) JACOB, Laís Lobato; PRUDENTE, Bruno da Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0790796091423878; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4226-2431; SILVA, Rogério Rosa da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5989181105383977
Changes resulting from logging modify the physical structure of stream habitats indirectly, and consequently the ecomorphological structure of fish assemblages. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of changes in the physical structure of the habitat resulting from conventional logging (CL) and reduced-impact logging (RIL), in the ecomorphological structure of the fish assemblages of streams of the Eastern Amazon, verifying (1) which variables of the physical structure of the habitat are associated to the different methods of exploration; (2) if there is a difference in the ecomorphological structure of the fish assemblages of the different treatments, and (3) which ecomorphological characters are associated with physical variables of the habitat. In each stream 14 physical variables of the habitat were measured, as well as fish samples collected using hand nets. The collected specimens were affected in Eugenol, fixed in 10% formalin and after 48h transferred to 70% alcohol. Possible differences in habitat structure and ecomorphological structure of fish assemblages between treatments were evaluated by Multiple Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA). The relationships between the habitat variables and the ecomorphological characters were evaluated through Redundancy Analysis (RDA). The structure of the streams habitat differed among all treatments, with control areas showing higher vegetation cover and higher average substrate size. As for ecomorphology, we also found that there was a difference in ecomorphological structure among all treatments. In EC environments, species with greater relative head length, with the wider pectoral fin and with more compressed caudal peduncle were predominant in these environments; in control areas, species with wider mouth were favored; and in RIL areas, more flattened species were predominant. Logging affects the habitat structure of the streams, resulting in loss of plant cover and average substrate size. There was a reduction of plant cover and average substrate size in areas of EC and RIL areas. In this sense, it is believed that both the EC and the RIL have the potential to alter the ecomorphological structure, and consequently the ecosystem services provided by the assemblages of fish from streams in the Amazon. So even if EIR reduces damage to forests, it is failing to protect the ecosystems of streams, since changes have been observed in these environments when compared to control areas. However greater efforts should be employed to fully understand such a relationship and proportions that the damage can cause to the ecosystem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito da paisagem sobre a diversidade de vertebrados terrestres em fragmentos florestais na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-01-17) SILVA, Jacqueline Almeida da; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999
Context: The advance of anthropic activities on the Amazonian frontier has provoked an intense process of forest fragmentation that reduces biodiversity and subjects the species to a situation of high vulnerability. Objectives: To test the relation of fragment size, isolation and characterization of the forest fragments matrix, on the wealth of amphibians of the order Anura, reptiles of the order Squamata and mammals of small, medium and large size. Methods: The study was carried out in 12 fragments in the northeast of the Amazon. The size of the fragment was calculated in hectares, the isolation in ENN_MN (mean of the euclidean distance of the nearest neighbors) and the matrix was organized into categories. These landscape metrics were considered as explanatory variables and calculated on three spatial scales: 1, 2 and 3 km. The relationship of the metrics with the richness of terrestrial vertebrates was evaluated through multiple regressions with model selection. Results: 130 species of terrestrial vertebrates were recorded. There was no significant effect of fragment size on spatial scales for any group of species. The isolation was significant only in the 3 km scale for the group of amphibian and snake species. The category of open areas in the matrix was significant in the three spatial scales for the group of species of lizards and mammals of medium and large size. Conclusions: The landscape configuration is extremely important in the context of fragmentation, there were different responses from taxonomic groups, possibly due to differences in habitat use.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos da orfandade sobre o comportamento e longevidade de operárias de Scaptotrigona aff. postica (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Meliponini)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-04-02) LOPES, Bárbara dos Santos Conceição; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925
The death of the physogastric queen may imply the behavioral disorganization of eusocial bees workers, where they can assume diverse reproductive and behavioral strategies. For the worker longevity is related to the physiological effort exerted during their lifetime, but the colony's internal conditions also affect longevity, such as the presence or absence of a queen. In this sense, the objective of the study was to study the behavior and longevity of the population of stingless bee workers in orphaned colonies, comparing them with colonies with the present laying queen. In this sense, the objective of the study was to study the behavior and longevity of the population of stingless bee workers in orphaned colonies, comparing them with colonies with the present physogastric queen. For this, eight colonies of Scaptotrigona aff. postica were used, of those eight there were four colonies with a queen and four without a queen. Each colony had a total of 1.200 workers marked with different colors by day of birth (age zero), thus obtaining age groups. For 100 days, we observed the colonial foraging activity, the age of the workers who attending brood cells, age of foraging and longevity in all colonies, queenright (QR) and queenless (QL). Over time in QR colonies the foraging activity decreased slightly; however, the QL colonies presented a greater reduction in the number of foragers (X2 = 48.874; df = 1; p <0.001). In orphaned colonies we observe that over time, besides the young workers, the older workers also construct the brood cells; in the colonies with queen, the workers who participated in the construction of new brood cells were only those of young age (X2 = 116.11, df = 1, p < 0.001). In both colonies, QR and QL, the age of foraging increased over time, but in QL colonies we observed foragers with very advanced age (X2 = 66.546; df = 1; p < 0.001). The maximum longevity found for colonies workers with queen was 54 days of age and for orphaned workers was 79 days of age. Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated significant differences between colonies QR and QL (p < 0.001). Thus, we conclude that (1) workers of S. aff. postica in colonies without queen actually decrease the external activity over time; (2) advanced orphan female workers continue to perform breeding cell construction, probably to try to produce males; (3) it is possible that the workers QL colonies start to avoid the foraging and perform this task only occasionally or they tend to perform this activity later; (4) the selfish behavior of reproducing itself, avoiding foraging and its risks, and thus staying longer in the colony can prolong the longevity of S. aff. postica in orphaned colonies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estrutura da comunidade de helmintos parasitos de Bothrops atrox (Linnaeus, 1758) (Serpentes: Viperidae) da Amazônia Oriental brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-05) MOURA, Fred Gabriel Haick de; MELO, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8939740618818787; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-8935-2923; MASCHIO, Gleomar Fabiano; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7967540224850999; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9013-4437
Snakes play an important role in the life cycles of a wide variety of parasitic helminths, acting as both definitive and intermediate hosts. Several factors can influence the diversity, composition, and structure of parasite communities associated with these reptiles. Bothrops atrox, a venomous snake belonging to the family Viperidae and widely distributed throughout the Amazon, is of great medical relevance. Despite having a relatively well-documented helminth fauna, gaps remain in our understanding of the parasite-host dynamics involving this species. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the diversity and structure of the helminth community of B. atrox in two localities within the Brazilian Amazon. This dissertation is structured into two chapters. In the first, we present results from a comparative analysis of the helminth community structure in B. atrox from two contrasting Amazonian environments: ombrophilous forest and natural open fields. Our analyses revealed a higher abundance of parasites in hosts from forested areas, and a positive correlation between host body size and parasite abundance. This is the first study specifically dedicated to investigating the diversity and structure of helminth communities in B. atrox across different ecosystems. In the second chapter, we describe a new species of the genus Kalicephalus, based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. This species showed the highest levels of abundance, dominance, and prevalence in forest communities. The chapter also brings new insights into the evolutionary history of the genus, contributing to a better understanding of its diversity and evolution. Thus, our study provides new data for understanding the diversity and ecology of helminth parasites of snakes in the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fatores determinantes para a abundância de espécies de mamíferos ameaçados em área de alta pressão antrópica na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-04-17) SANTOS, Juliana Januária Teixeira; WIIG, Oystein; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6664624762387564; OLIVEIRA, Ana Cristina Mendes de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1199691414821581
On the latest 60 years the degradation and fragmentation of native habitats have been modifying the landscape in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The adaptive plasticity of an organism has been crucial for its long-term survival and success in these novel ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the response of four endangered species of large terrestrial mammals to the variations in the quality of their original habitats, in a context of high anthropogenic pressure. The distribution of the Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Giant anteater), Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Tapirus terrestris (Lowland tapir) and Tayassu pecari (White-lipped peccary) in all sampled habitats suggests their tolerance to degradation. However, the survival ability of each species in the different habitats was not the same. Among the four species, T. pecari seems to be the one with the least ability to survive in more altered environments. The positive influence of the anthropogenically altered habitats on abundances of three of the four species studied, as observed at the regeneration areas, can be considered as a potential indication of the ecological trap phenomenon. This study reinforces the importance of the forest remnants for the survival of endangered mammal species, in regions of high anthropogenic pressure, as in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.