Dissertações em Agriculturas Amazônicas (Mestrado) - PPGAA/INEAF

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2307

O Mestrado em Agriculturas Amazônicas teve início em 1996 anteriormente Curso de Mestrado em Agriculturas Familiares e Desenvolvimento Sustentável e reconhecido em 2000 pela CAPES e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agriculturas Amazônicas (PPGAA) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA). É um curso interinstitucional, sendo sua oferta responsabilidade do Instituto Amazônico de Agriculturas Familiares - INEAF da UFPA e da EMBRAPA/CPATU – Amazônia Oriental.

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Ação coletiva na criação e gestão do projeto de assentamento Paulo Fonteles em Mosqueiro, Belém – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-08-27) PANTOJA, Rosiane Cristina Pimentel; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
The research presented aims at studying the forms of organization for cooperation in the creation and management of Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles in Mosqueiro, Belém - Pará. For this case study, we used a qualitative approach from the application interviews with semi-structured questionnaire. The research problem grounded both in theories of social movements, with discussions of social events, as the French School of Sociology of Organizations with discussions of the organizations and the centrality of power. Restlessness is understand how social groups influence the forms of cooperation for the creation and management of the Settlement Project Paulo Fonteles. It is observed that social movements have been the intermediary of collective action in the struggle for agrarian reform, becoming references of continuity of struggles and ensuring the mobilization of families for collective action. The common goal for the conquest of the land is what secured the commitment and cooperation for the occupation of the settlement. But the conquest of the land reflects a multifaceted reality, because families have different prospects as housing, production, employment, among others. The increase in the number of settlements and the increased production questioned the need for agrarian reform as a policy for rural development. The MST, reaffirming that public policy, has proposed new forms of organization of settlements, called "commune land". These settlements are located close to metropolitan areas, in order to serve the population of these suburbs, which demand for land for housing and employment. These new settlements are aimed at the incorporation of urban infrastructure to facilitate the production and market relations. For the proposal to be successful, cooperation becomes a central theme. Thus, the settlement, is observed that cooperation takes place at different levels because there is no settlement without cooperation, much less groups that do not have membership. Therefore, the largest membership and engagement are located in the rules of power, with more or less the same centrality. Thus, we identified that while the association has the president the centralization of power, the group's collective 'mutirão' (local organization) has a balanced management, leading to greater involvement of families to the cooperation of the management of the settlement Paulo Fonteles.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultores familiares e sistemas agroflorestais: a relação família e trabalho em questão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010) BEZERRA, Nicolle Rafaella Costa; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
The research aimed to analyze the configuration of the family‘s work during the deployment process of agroforestry systems on farms, through the study of family farmers who worked on the project Roots of the Earth. The main assumption was that there is an increase in activities of household members in the short term, for the implementation of agroforestry systems on their premises. Field research was conducted at St. John community, municipality of Marapanim (PA) in three stages in 2009. The methodology blended quantitative and qualitative approaches to conducting interviews, questionnaires, observations and literature review. Having regard to the current debate about family, work and agroforestry systems, data and information were systematized and analyzed. The main conclusions show that: a) there is migration of the household or its members especially for the forthcoming municipal seats ratifying strategies of social reproduction based on a complementarity of urban and rural work, b) agroforestry‘s work and other systems of production establishments are organized based on family composition, place of residence of its members and in gender relations, c) the main difficulties for the deployment and management of agroforestry systems were below the spacing of the designs of agroforestry arrangements, the way the motion of bending over to plant the seedling, the main complaint of the elderly, and therefore the need to hire labor and the cost it; manual weeding of weeds and.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar e informação para o desenvolvimento rural nos municípios de Igarapé-Açu e Marapanim
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-02-16) MATOS, Lucilda Maria Sousa de; PINHEIRO, Lena Vania Ribeiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9613980184982976; KATO, Maria do Socorro Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7117950232304118
The research was done with the objective of identifying and analysing the needs, demands and uses of information from partner farmers of the research project, “Adaptation and participative validity of an area preparation without burning in northern Pará”, developed in the cities of Igarapé-Açu and Marapanim, by Embrapa, in the communication process and information for action. Based on interviews and observations, it was outlined the prolife of partner farmers and opinion makers and identified their demands of information, being the most significative ones related to agriculture (cultivation, deseases, pests, financing/agricultural credit), followed by information on Education, Social Security, Law etc. The concept of information was constructed from the interviewd perceptions and were studied, still, participative actions developed by the project, means of mass communication of wider audience; besides support and information barriers. Among the social and institutional actors acting in the process, there is strong participation of relatives neighboring farmers, as a source of information for the communities and, among the several institutions, and Embrapa. Through the application of the technique of the critical incident the search of more recent information was analyzed, when agriculturist partners had needed information to develop their activities, if they had gotten it or not, and what this caused in their activities in familiar agriculture and their lives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e as relações de trocas entre agricultores familiares que possuem sistemas agroflorestais na região de Itabocal, Irituia (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-30) SANTOS, Tasseli Figueiredo dos; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
This research project deals withthe processes of local knowledge, seedlings and seeds exchange among family farmers and the influences of these processes on the advancement of Agroforestry Systems (SAFs) and local agrobiodiversity. The project aims to analyze the dynamics local knowledge, seedling and seed exchange among farmers who have SAFs in Itabocal (Irituia-PA) region and their influences on local agrobiodiversity. Data collection was based on field research, in which an exploratory study of the area was carried out and visits were made to family farmers; at this time semi-structured interviews and/or a semi-open-ended questionnaires were conducted and accompanied by a guided tour. Afterwards, a sketch of the study area was presented to the farmers for them to indicate exchange relationships. Research results are described in three topics: the first deals with SAFs and the dynamics of seed and/or seedling exchange, describing the process of the advance of SAFs in the region and the role of the D'Irituia cooperative in this process. In relation to the exchange of seedlings and/or seeds, research showed that there is an intense flow of these materials between farmers and also outside the region at the municipal level, occurring during farmers' fairs, when they visit neighbors or family members, and during meetings or gatherings of cooperative farmers. The second topic deals with local knowledge, exchange and its relationship with technical-scientific knowledge, revealing that local knowledge is formed by the accumulation of cultural experiences, specifically with years of work and learning from older subjects combined with technical-scientific knowledge obtained from institutions. Therefore, the exchange of knowledge occurs both between farmers and between technicians or researchers through orality, being important to understand solidarity and reciprocity as bases for improving planting and production. The third topic deals with local agro-biodiversity from the formation of SAFs, revealing a diversity of 81 (eighty-one) species distributed in 45 (forty-five) botanical families, 59.8% for food use and 24.4% for wood use. In this sense, the processes knowledge seedling and seed exchange are fundamental for the advance of the SAFs in the region and have contributed significantly to the maintenance and management of local agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agrobiodiversidade e conhecimentos locais das plantas alimentícias no quilombo de Deus Ajude, Arquipélago do Marajó – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-08) BEZERRA, Sueyla Malcher; SABLAYROLLES, Maria das Graças Pires; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0250972497887101; SILVA, Luis Mauro Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7285459738695923
In this study, we seek to analyze the traditional knowledge and practices associated with agrobiodiversity of food plants, as well as the constitution of sovereignty and food autonomy in the production of two non Quilombo of Deus Ajude, Salvaterra, Pará state, Brazil. For the development of the research, we used a qualitative and quantitative approach. Regarding the methodological procedure, we opted for the case study, participant observation, non-directive identification, questionnaires, free lists, collection and identification of botanical material. Data analysis was carried out by systematizing information collected and by the vertical and horizontal analysis of interviews, data triangulation and Cognitive Salience Index. Results showed that the traditional knowledge of the Quilombola community regarding plant foods is constituted through their daily relationship between the community and nature, as well as through the continuous exchange of knowledge between different generations. Amazonian seasonality has revealed itself as a regulator of the plurality of productive activities throughout the year, and these are carried out through a symbiotic relationship, where both nature and the Quilombo are sustained. In addition, the representative foods of the Marajoara Quilombo, such as beiju, cação, tiborna, cunhapira and crueira, become one of the ways of maintaining the Quilombo's agrobiodiversity. On the other hand, the limitations of access to the territory of common use, the impositions of the farmes around the Quilombo, and the influences of capitalist market that promote changes in the way food is obtained and on the eating habits of quilombolas are evident. Therefore, the valorization of Quilombola culture and its way of life becomes an ally for the preservation of traditional knowledge and practices, as well as the managed of agrobiodiversity.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise da sustentabilidade na produção familiar no Sudeste Paraense: o caso dos produtores de leite do Município de Rio Maria
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2003-06-18) FEITOSA, Terezinha Cavalcante; HOMMA, Alfredo Kingo Oyama; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1026511676619526
This study analyzes the sustainability of milk production in smallholder areas subjected to the process of fast degradation of pastures established in upland areas (terra firme) in the border of the Brazilian Amazonia. The research was carried out in the Municipality of Rio Maria, Southeast of the State of Pará, one of the Municipalities internationally recognised for its high degree of land conflicts. Fifty-five smallholders in the Settlement Projects of Itaipavas 126, Barra Mansa, Mata Azul, Fazenda São Roque and Vale da Serra, who are sustained by cattle milk production, were interviewed during the months of July and August of 2002. The choice of the properties was intentional, and it was composed by the identification of the income from the cattle raising activities (sale of milk and heifers), as well as an analysis of the techniques used by the smallholders for pasture and livestock management, aiming the sustainability of the productive unit.That analysis allowed to identify, through the socioeconomic indicators, that, although cattle ranching is considered a low risk activity, economically viable for the Amazon region, among the smallholders it becomes an unsustainable activity, because the process of pasture degradation starts within three to five years of pasture establishment, without, however, allowing the production units to save economic resources for pastures reclamation.The sustainable income of livestock milk production activity, being very low relative to the income obtained soon after the initial phase of the activity, does not stimulate the adoption of more sustainable practices. The declining tendency of pasture productivity, with small short term increases, caused by pasture burning and weed control, has been compensated by the incorporation of new areas of pasture. The exhaustion of forest stocks leads to the collapse of the activity in spite of the existing market for meat and milk, when degraded pastures are not reclaimed. Considering an annual rate of pasture depreciation of 10% and an annual interest rate of 15%, farmers would have to invest at least 40% of their net profit to guarantee the pasture sustainability at a ten-year period. It was observed that the livestock milk production activities conducted by smallholders is causing a continuous drainage of the natural resources, without the due compensation in the sale price of those products (milk and beef). It is expected that these results can contribute to define public policies, with concrete measures for the smallholders involved in milk production in the sense of guaranteeing the reclamation of degraded pastures, because these smallholders are responsible for a great part of the ecological disbalance of the ecosystem in the Southeast of Pará State. Among the resource-poor cattle farmers there is no financing need for continuous acquisition of cattle, because all the farmers already possess livestock above the holding capacity of their pastures. In that case, it would be necessary instructing the farmers aiming the proper management of the herd and pasture and the creation of financing programs, aiming the recovery of degraded pasture areas. Among the farmers studied does not exist a conservation view, but rather, an anxiety to increase the herd size and pasture areas.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Comunidades tradicionais e unidades de conservação no Pará: a influência da criação da Reserva Extrativista Rio Xingu - Terra do Meio, nos modos e vida das famílias locais
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-28) CASTRO, Roberta Rowsy Amorim de; OLIVEIRA, Myriam Cyntia Cesar de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0949702419746141
Nature, as we see it today, has been shaped by human action. However, these actions in some cases have been destructive, making natural resources scarce. Over time, this exploration model has been questioned, emerging several proposals advocating for the ecological and environmental preservation, many of those, in the Amazon. Among several viable social and environmental alternatives, there were the Extractive Reserves, strongly defended by the Rubber Extracting Workers Movement, originally from the Brazilian state of Acre. Even as an alternative to the devastation of the environment and the local traditional culture, the Extractive Reserves, through the established rules in their Management Plan may, in some cases, unable some of the residents’ actions. Seeking to analyze, as assertive as it may be, this study aims to understand the influences created by the establishment of the Extractive Reserve in the Xingu River, located in an area named Terra do Meio (in a free translation “Middle Land”), in the Brazilian state of Pará, the lifestyle and social practices, management of natural resources adopted by the local families. The methodology used was locus immersion research, divided into two visits, between May and August 2012, where through a pre-formulated script, twenty-three families, residents of the reserve, were interviewed. Concerning the methods used to achieve such goal, there were informal conversations, hands-on observation, and direct observation. It was learned that traditional communities have undergone intense historical processes, many of those shattered by conflicts created by land expropriation and harassment by the local population, which corroborated to the establishment of a protected area. After the establishment of the Extractive Reserve, which has happened rapidly, attempting to cease the extraction of natural resources by external actors, the families have felt safer regarding their permanent stay in the area. However, the rules established in the Management Plan have not entirely been seized by them, which is justified by their non-participation in meetings (40%), miscommunication, once external actors language (managers) is not understood (26%), the passive participation of residents when choosing some of the rules and the existing faults in criteria when voting for counselors, both reported in 17% of the interviews. Even demonstrating misunderstandings about the established rules, most interviewed families (between 65% and 78%) complied to follow the rules. Their statements have been analyzed as an alternative to safe keep their lifestyle; even though they are enforced to comply, some residents report one another, deducting that there has continue to carry out the activities as they did before the creation of RESEX, getting outside the established norms. Besides, as the understanding of the rules was done in diferente ways, this may become their justification for non-compliance. It was learned that the families’ lifestyle, regarding activities has not been significantly altered. However, social relations among communities have been shaken due to the enforcement and misunderstanding of the rules, which was legitimized by the increase and externalization of the arguments and gossiping among residents.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dendê é Reflorestamento? Percepção de diferentes atores envolvidos na agroindústria do dendê no Nordeste Paraense
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-11-20) TAVARES, Paula Izadora do Egyto; MOTA, Dalva Maria da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4129724001987611
This master’s thesis analyzes how family farmers integrated into the oil palm agro-industry perceive reforestation processes. This theme came about through the suggestion that the implementation of the national program for the production and use of biodiesel (pnpb) for agrofuel production in brazil would bring forth environmental benefits. The program was the main driver of oil palm expansion in the amazonian state of pará. Among its guidelines, it is stated that the oil palm cultivation is sustainable and a possible means of recuperating degraded areas through reforestation. Research for this study included the collection of secondary and primary data in the municipality of irituia, located in the northeastern region of pará. It also included data collection on the history of reforestation in brazil. Environmental laws and scientific papers were reviewed to analyze under which circumstances reforestation is recommended and implemented, and the concepts and definitions employed in these discussions. Results are presented in two articles. The first analyzes the arrival of oil palm cultivation in irituia and local actors’ initial reactions, describing their motivations for adopting or rejecting this activity. The second reveals actors’ perceptions surrounding notions of reforestation according to different world views. The study concludes that oil palm cultivation in irituia was received with divergent attitudes that persist until today between those who defend the activity and those who oppose it. Some view it as a way to earn income and improve their quality of life, while others, who oppose the activity, believe that the activity is not fitting to the local reality. Regarding reforestation, interested groups worked to legalize oil palm cultivation to fit into this category. Farmers who compare current oil palm areas with the previous land-use types (pastures or young fallows) believe that it is pertinent to claim that oil palm fulfils the role of reforestation, since oil palm plantations provide benefits, such as shade, improving the micro-climate and hosting animals, even if they are limited to rodents, snakes and spiders.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O direito vivo na luta pela terra no Projeto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Virola Jatobá em Anapu/PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012) MENDES, Josilene Ferreira; SHIRAISHI NETO, Joaquim; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1945327707689415; PORRO, Noemi Sakiara Miyasaka; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3982338546545478
This thesis aims to analyze and describe the different aspects of the concept of “living law”. This concept helps to understand the experiences undertaken by peasant households during the occupation, creation and implementation processes of the Virola Jatobá Sustainable Development Project in the municipality of Anapu, State of Pará, Brazil. During these processes, family units built and added, on the basis of their “living law”, different notions of land rights emanated from their social practices, which are often opposed from those of the formal law. In the process of occupation, the research highlights the social and legal practices of the leaders of social local organizations and the families of the first occupants of the area. By registering these practices, it is possible to abstract the notion of rights to of land for those who work on it. In the process of the formal establishment of the settlement, families began to take command of the PDS, through the constitution of an Association, which could negotiate claims on their behalf with the governmental institutions, particularly INCRA, and thus set up the notion of rights to land for those who work on it with relative authonomy. In the process of implementation of the PDS, families faced the execution of the community-based forest management project, which involved a process of negotiation between the government and families regarding the adoption of new working conditions. In this negotiation, the families built the notion of land rights for those who work on it with authonomy taking care of the forest.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Empates nos babaçuais: do espaço doméstico ao espaço público - lutas de quebradeiras de coco babaçu no Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-03-28) FIGUEIREDO, Luciene Dias; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684; ANDRADE, Maristela de Paula; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8924456262459198
The main axis of this analysis focuses on the construction of gender relations, whidr have conditioned aspectos of ASSEMA, a grassroot social movement. Analyzing the history of this movement in its sucessive, phases, this study aims to understand the conditions in private and public spheres. This dissertation exams the context and situations leading the socalled babassu-nut breaker women, quebradeiras de coco babaçu, to demand gender equality both at domestic and public domains.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Entre leiras e labaredas: a adoção da roça sem queima pelos agricultores do Município de Lago do Junco - MA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-08-03) MATOS, Francinaldo Ferreira de; MARTINS, Paulo Fernando da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3223618156268542
This work evaluates why extractive family farmers of COOPALJ (Small Farmers Agroextractive Cooperative of the Lago do Junco municipality, Maranhão state) accepted to practice cultivation without burning while others rejected it, and why some initially accepted it and then gave it up. The cultivation without burning is a technical encouraged by ASSEMA (Association for Settlement Areas in the Maranhão state) and pursues the babauçu-trees preservation and the sustainability of small farms. The research utilized the hypothetical deductive method supported by semi-structured interviews and not participative observation. The results pointed that farmers that accepted the no-burning cultivation as a technical innovation were those with agricultural production systems likely to suffer various degrees of integration, while for those who rejected the technical innovations there were a high risk of transformation of production system and that could not be overcome. For the farmers that persisted, the non-burn cultivation is not an alternative in relation to burning cultivation but its complement for meet partially the technical, social, environmental and productive goals, negotiated with the cooperative. These innovations include partials acceptation or rejection, dropping or persistence and the farmers can to appropriate of them, transform them and used them in other agricultural activities on the property. On the other hand, adopting or rejecting of non-burning cultivation is associated, respectively, with balance between labor and consumption or imbalance in the agricultural system for meet the food needs of family members, the abandonment of non-burning is associated with increase of imbalance between labor and consumption after the adoption, and the persistence with the increase of balance. Even farmers who have rejected the non-burning cultivation or give it up, includes fields burned with practices from the non-burning cultivation in degrees and different farm activities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Expectativas de jovens que vivem em assentamento: um estudo sobre a tríade trabalho-educação-família
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006-09-05) OLIVEIRA, Rosa de Souza; SOUZA, Orlando Nobre Bezerra de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8567141884452588
The present study tried to understand the young expectations that live in the establishment Luiz Lopes Sobrinho, located in the Municipal District of San Francisco of Pará. It is a research characterized as quantitative and qualitative, once the data had statistical and interpretative treatment with base in the content analysis. The Stratified Random Probability Method was used for the selection of the sample. The instruments of collection of data were the following ones: the direct observation and the interview through form and of itinerary. The corpus of the research was constituted in the speech of thirty young of the gender masculine or feminine, in the age group from 15 to 24 years and that they belong an origin family or of reproduction. The conclusive approaches revealed that the youth production of that establishment, in general, nurtures expectations of exercising activities different from the farming, with the purpose of improving their life condition; it wants to transmit values and social rules, aiming at to give continuity to the you know acquired in the origin family; it hopes to get a work/employment/professional formation, looking for a sense the own existence, as well as wants to constitute family, to have a companion and children with the purpose of reproducing the model of effective family. Those hopes, in its group, moderate for the sphere of politics that make possible rural development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Florestas e comunidade: cotidiano de famílias em Jericó, Garrafão do Norte, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-05-25) VIEIRA, Paulo Roberto; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
At Eastern Amazon, farmers' families build their daily life starting from the forests that complement the landscape, appropriating of the material and non-materials resources which come from the vegetation. The human’s pressure over the nature during the years creates a social drama while the families see the surrounded forests refusing and they become threatened about their land permanence. It was intended to discuss about the various families-forest relations views based in a detailed observation of the daily life at Jericó community in Garrafão do Norte, Pará, Brasil, using as resources: interviews, informal chats and photographic registrations, always having a solid base for the analyses in the local empiric knowledge about the nature. Even if the families worry about the forest degradation there’s a constant necessity to use these forests to guarantee the agricultural productions and other daily activities. In this context, the forest works as a mirror of the man, in front of which he is looking for his self-understanding in the world.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
(In) Segurança alimentar em comunidades quilombola do Município de Abaetetuba, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) NASCIMENTO, Elcio Costa do; GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4262726973211880
This research presents the analysis and understanding of the different strategies of Food and Nutritional Security - SAN developed by the families of the Quilombola Community of Baixo Acaraqui, city of Abaetetuba, Pará. The community is facing changes in their eating habits due of the reduction of natural resources (hunting animals, fishes and shrimps), decreasing of the area for agricultural production, increase of the commercial value of production and increase on spending at manufactured goods. From a qualitative approach and using the following procedures: participant observation, semi-structured interviews and photographic record, free list and workshops on eating habits. We sought, through the integration between the researcher and the social group in question, to appropriate of some information to enable an understanding about the community and their production and food practices. Among the practices developed by families, we observed: a) increase of the production for the marketing, reducing the diversity of local production, reducing the self-sufficiency of families and making production unstable in the face of fluctuations of the local market; b) increasing in the importance of extraction of açaí as an economic factor of income generator; c) increasing the hardship in acquiring locally produced foods (fishes, shrimps, hunting animals); d) Substitution of natural products (natural juices, teas) for industrial products (coffee, soda) by raising spending on food and the need to generate income; e) the increase in purchasing power, stimulated both by the increase of the marketing and the social benefits received (bolsa família, aposentadoria and seguro defeso), encouraged the replacement of local production of some products (rice and beans) for your purchase on local businesses. This reality has significantly influenced the production practices and eating habits of the families of the Quilombola Community of Baixo Acaraqui, influencing in production decisions and in the acquisition of food, making families increasingly dependent on trade and income generation to ensuring the food and nutritional security of the quilombola families.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Índices de infestação de laranja por Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann) (dip. tephritidae) e parasitoides associados em diferentes sistemas de cultivo em Capitão Poço, Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-13) CASTILHO, Alison Pureza; LEMOS, Walkymário de Paulo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6841621785311887
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intensificação ou diversificação?: a pecuária leiteira em questão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-06-04) NOGUEIRA, Simone Silva; DARNET, Laura Angélica Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3450720474559096; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-9248
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Introdução de leguminosas forrageiras em sistemas de criação leiteiros no assentamento Belo Horizonte I, São Domingos do Araguaia-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-05-18) MALANSKI, Priscila Duarte; DARNET, Laura Angélica Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3450720474559096; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-9248
The social, economical, political, environmental and productive transformation that has occurred and still occurs in the region of Marabá, in southeast of Pará, has a significant link with the livestock, either as an exploration model of nature resources that caused deep changes in the regional landscape or as main agricultural activities developed by big farmers and familiar farmers. Because of that link, the dynamics that involves the livestock and the rural development process has been a research object for university professors and students in institutions like Federal University of Pará. This dissertation is one result of these researches, whose development took place under the project Promoting innovations to the family farming strengthening in settlements at southeast of Pará, which since 2008 has testing management alternatives to overcome technical limitations in livestock production. The technical interventions in this project were made in partnership with the farmers from Settlement Project Belo Horizonte I, in São Domingos do Araguaia-PA, where test-actions with forage leguminous were deployed. In this research, three case studies were investigated with the theoretical-methodological instrumental of systems theory applied in production systems studies, in special livestock systems, according to the intended objective, which was to analyze coherence in the use type of leguminous in livestock systems. Our hypothesis is that the type of leguminous use depends on final product desired for the farmer. In Belo Horizonte I settlement, the main products of livestock are the milk and the calf. Favoring one or both products implies different ways to manage the leguminous. The results demonstrate that decision coherence on leguminous use type is based on favoring one category or an animal lot by management practices to obtain the desired products according to the productive goal established for de livestock systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
“Mesmo com essas coisas ruins que o dendê trouxe, eu não saio daqui”: resistência a agroindústria do dendê na comunidade do Castanhalzinho em Concórdia do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-03-31) RIBEIRO, Lissandra Cordeiro; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
Palm oil production on the world stage has gained momentum in the last decades, in the main palm oil producing countries of Indonesia and Thailand the production of raw material for agrofuels has not been accompanied by a strict environmental policy, triggering conflicts with local communities and drawing the attention of ONGs and movements linked to the defense of the environment. In 2010, the National Biodiesel Production Program (PNPB) created by the Federal Government was launched in Brazil as a way to promote the production of alternative fuels to oil from palm oil, providing for the creation of salaried employment and the inclusion of agriculture through production contracts (BRASIL, 2010). The development of palm oil agroindustries, such as the company BIOPALMA S / A, which in its area of coverage has acquired large tracts of land around the Castanhalzinho Community, provoked changes in the living conditions of the residents due to the opening and extensions within the community and by the effects of the chemicals used in planting maintenance. The objective of this dissertation is to analyze the forms of resistance to the oil industry in the Castanhalzinho Community, located in the municipality of Concórdia do Pará. Scott's concept of daily resistance (2013) and theoretical foundations of Collective Action are used as the theoretical focus of this study because it helps us understand forms of resistance produced both in the daily life by the residents, as well as by the local quilombola associations. The study was constructed through case study and qualitative research, using participant observation, open and semi-structured interviews with community residents and with quilombola leaderships from associations and entities such as Malungu and Cedenpa. The results of the research pointed to forms of resistance by quilombola associations and daily resistance by community dwellers as a denial of the sale of land for monoculture, wages, the effects of palm oil cultivation in the quilombola community and resistance to the access to the environment by the opponent's devaluation. Elements of the social organization of the community such as kinship, religiosity and reciprocity guarantee solid social relations among the inhabitants and of them with the territory guaranteeing greater possibility of resistance in the place.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O movimento sindical dos trabalhadores e trabalhadoras rurais no nordeste paraense: as motivações dos participantes em Tomé-Açu
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-01-25) MORAES, Lucas Gabriel da Silva; SCHMITZ, Heribert; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2294519993210835
The Rural Workers' Union Movement (MSTTR) is one of the main collective actions organized in favor of the fight for better living and working conditions in rural areas. In the Northeast region of Pará State, the fight for rights in this category began in the mid-1950s, with the creation of the first farm workers organizations in the region and, later, with the institutionalization of the fight in 1962. Part of the demands of rural workers were rights that urban workers already had, whether they were: health, social security, labor laws and decent wages, in addition to the main demand, agrarian reform. These and other objectives guided collective actions within the scope of the MSTTR which, in turn, constituted the current structure of representation of rural workers. In Tomé-Açu, the Rural Workers’ Syndicate (STTR) was, for at least 35 years, the only organization that defended the category and represented its interests. This reality has changed since 2006, with the creation of the Tomé-Açu Family Farmers’ Syndicate (SINTRAF) and the Tomé-Açu Rural Employees’ Syndicate (SINDTER), in 2016, changing the dynamics of participation, affiliation and collective actions within the scope of the MSTTR. In relation to these dynamics, the literature of social movements has shown that collective action is not an easy task and may depend on a series of factors to materialize itself, as an example, the motivations. Within this context, the present work aims to identify the motivations for the participation of rural workers in the MSTTR, more specifically, in the Tomé-Açu STTR, in Northeast Pará, trying to analyze its trajectory and the current challenges that are imposed on the collective action. The methodology used started from a qualitative approach using the content analysis technique. During data collection, 34 interviews were carried out with syndicate leaders and rural workers, members and non-members who participate in any of the three rural syndicates in Tomé-Açu. The results of the study showed two bases of motivation, one of them being material, linked to the services and benefits of the syndicate, with rural retirement being the main one; and the other immaterial, being highlighted the syndical representativeness. Among non-members, land was the central motivation, exemplified in the case of the collective action carried out in the Mancha Negra camp. In the process of mobilizing new members, the role of leaders proved to be fundamental, both within the syndicate itself, through the figure of the president, and in the local context, through the action of syndicate delegates. As for the current challenges, signs of a crisis in the STTR were identified, which takes place within the scope of collective actions and reflects the problems that occur in the administration of the syndical organization, with the maintenance of power in the hands of the same group for many years, the prioritization of utilitarianism in the syndicate and the lack of new leaderships who could initiate a renewal of the current management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Narrativas cosmológicas registradas na mata do Bacurizal no quilombo Bairro Alto, Salvaterra (PA)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-11) LIMA, Mayara Gonçalves; STEWARD, Angela May; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6123114287861055
This master's research focused on analyzing the productive relations of the work with the bacuri, and the relationship between society and the nature of the Bairro Alto Quilombola Community, belonging to the city of Salvaterra, which is part of the Fluviomarinho archipelago of Marajó (PA). The island underwent various occupations over the centuries initially by the indigenous ethnic groups, and later with European colonization there was the African Diaspora, in which Africans were brought to work on cattle ranches. Marajojo quilombola communities are built on these ethnic relations in the archipelago, just as the national organization goes through the way marajoaras quilombos have adapted to the claims of laws mainly linked to the definitive titling of common land due to various conflict records. with farmer, EMBRAPA, among others. The areas are important for the economic reproduction of the quilombos, because the work with management of natural resources, in the fields, woods, rivers, seas, fields, among other ecosystems guarantee the maintenance of family units, the research focused on analyzing precisely the Working with bacuri management, the traditional knowledge used in the forests of the bacuri trees reveals the worldviews of the communities. Methodological anthropological research was based on ethnography combined with participant observation in families 'homes, interviews, foetnography, and experiences in the woods, to understand the families' routine and how they were organized to work in the bacurizais, the interviews and photos complement the collected data.