Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Índices de desenvolvimento sustentável aplicados à Amazônia Legal como subsídios a políticas de combate ao desmatamento(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2017-11-30) VALE, Francinelli de Angeli Francisco do; VIERA, Ima Célia Guimarães; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761418169454490; TOLEDO, Peter Mann de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3990234183124986The history of land use and occupation in the Legal Amazon, intensive deforestation in the Deforestation Arc region and the current great concern with sustainable development has led to the adoption of measures that assess current levels of sustainability at local and regional scales. Besides, such actions can verify historically the relationship of these levels with the adopted public policies that advocate social, economic, institutional and environmental changes. The use of sustainability indicators has been envisioned as an instrument that contributes to making the concept of sustainability more objective, while at the same time it has been useful for the planning, monitoring and evaluation stages of public policies in several areas. In this work, three different methodologies were adopted, the Sustainable Development Index (IDS), Sustainability Barometer (BS) and the new Municipal Index to Combat Deforestation (IMCD). All information had the objective to analyze the sustainability level of the states of Amazônia Legal and the priority and monitored municipalities of the state of Pará. This study focused on the actions of the federal plan (Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Deforestation in Amazonia - PPCDAm) and the state policy to curb deforestation through the Green Municipalities Program. The results indicate that only the state of Roraima was classified with acceptable performance of the IDS, while Maranhão presented critical level and the other states remained in the alert range; for the municipalities according to BS, only Altamira and Novo Progresso remained in the intermediate sustainability class for the two years analyzed, but there was progress in the deforestation control, comparing the year 2000 to 2010. Regarding the IMCD, Paragominas stands out with high value and the only one to fulfill all the goals of the PMV and PPCDAm, while Concordia do Pará, Garrafão do Norte and Aurora do Pará performed critically and were not effective in incorporating environmental management instruments to control deforestation. The tools used were useful and easy to use for the evaluation of sustainability. Therefore, it is recommended that this type of analysis be developed regularly so that the performance of the states and municipalities of the legal Amazon can be monitored.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Inferências paleoambientais para o Nordeste da Amazônia Oriental a partir do estudo de registros fósseis e composição isotópica de carbono (d13C) e oxigênio (d18O) em rocha total de carbonatos da Formação Pirabas (PA), Mioceno Inferior(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-11-03) FERREIRA, Denys José Xavier; RUIVO, Maria de Lourdes Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9419564604488031The Lower Miocene (~23¿16 Ma.) from the Northeastern Eastern Amazon has aroused interest in the scientific community during many decades. It belongs to a geological Epoch characterized by a transition period to the modern world, and marked by many climatic and geological changes, that allowed the establishment of a rich fauna and flora. Within this context, Pirabas Formation is discussed. It is an Lower Miocene unit characterized by great carbonate and silicate sediment deposition, considered one of the most significant paleontological units from Brazilian Cenozoic. Many researches were developed on Pirabas Formation, which allowed the accuracy of reconstruction interpretation of its possible Miocene landscape. Even though there were efforts related to the recuperation of paleoenvironment information from Northeastern Eastern Amazon trough the integration among fossil and sediment data, as well as stratigraphic and facies information, there’s still a lack in researches related to the recuperation of integrated and refined information in paleoenvironment between paleocomunity and geochemical studies. This gap of studies illustrates Pirabas Formation as an important elucidative unit for past scenarios and regional environment evolution, as well as being of great relevance for the comprehension of impacts from global Miocene events in Brazilian territory, specially in northern Atlantic coast. The main objective of this work, of multidisciplinary approach, is to refine the paleoenvironment interferences in Pirabas Formation, related to space disposition of paleoenvironment and the dynamic of sea level in Northern Pará State. For the study, three areas were chosen due to its importance and logistic: Ponta do Castelo (Fortaleza Island), Atalaia Beach (Salinopólis City) and B-17 Mine (Capanema City). The methods used in this research were diversity analysis, dominance and similarity of paleofauna, as well as Correspondence Analysis (CA), from fossil data from Pirabas Formation in order to characterize the paleoenvironment; and the composition of stable carbon isotopes (δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O), in carbonate whole rocks from the studied unit, to comprehend the paleoenvironment dynamics. The results indicated: 1) the diversity of the registered paleofauna for the areas in Formação Pirabas is apparently related to the type of depositional environment, in which Capanema and Salinópolis are similar for presenting restricted depositional environment, such as lagoon and estuary, and Fortaleza Island indicated better association to the coastal shelf during marine regression; 2) there are predominancy relations between the paleoenvironment according to the temporal representativeness of some facies from the respective depositional cycles in each studied area, as the coast line approaches during marine regression. ; 3) Ponta do Castelo is related to a paleoenvironment of marine/coastal predominance; Atalaia Beach to lagoon with estuary influences; and B-17 Mine to estuary and fluvial; 4) there was a tendency to carbon isotopes (δ13C) impoverishment, indicating the continental influence in the coast during marine regression; 5) and propensity to oxygen isotopes (δ18O) enrichment, reveling influences of the latitude and continent formation effects in the areas during sea retrieve. Trough the results of this research it was possible to understand the space distribution of the paleoenvironment of predominancy (suggested term this work) in Northeastern Eastern Amazon, as well as refine the paleoenvironment interference methods to Pirabas Formation.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas das microbacias do Cumaru e São João, nordeste paraense.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-08-31) MENEZES, Luciana Gonçalves Creão de; FIGUEIREDO, Ricardo de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2388049759708934; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0933-4854; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0594-0187The present study aimed to characterize the quality of surface and underground waters of the watersheds of the Cumaru and São João streams, through the most important physical-chemical and biological parameters, relating the results to the use and occupation of the soil in the region. For water monitoring, 6 similar land use systems were selected for the two microbasins, being fallow vegetation, Agroforestry System (SAF), planting area prepared for slash and burn, planting area prepared for cut and crunch, Pasture and Vegetation Ripary. In these, three surface water collection stations were established in the Cumaru stream micro-basin and four stations in the São João stream micro-basin, as well as thirty (30) observation wells (piezometers) were drilled. The variables analyzed were: Precipitation, temperature, flow, pH, EC, turbidity, DO, Na+, NH4+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3-, PO43-, SO42-, DOC, DIC, TN, Thermotolerant coliforms and OBD. Collections were carried out monthly. Subsequently, 97 socio-environmental questionnaires were applied to communities living in the two microbasins. The main results obtained revealed that the waters of the two studied watersheds are characterized as acid and have low dissolution of inorganic ions, especially Cl- and Na+ ions, which presented the highest concentrations observed throughout the study, characterizing them predominantly as Sodium Chlorinated and Chlorinated Mixed. The springs were less impacted in relation to the other stretches in the two microbasins, in the order NasSJ > NasC. The practice of preparing the soil based on the burning of the area, is notably, one of the main sources of changes in water quality, followed by the removal of fragments of secondary vegetation for implantation of pastures and use of water for other purposes (recreation and dumping of domestic sewage). For the surface waters of the ICU microbasin, the AF/ACP technique generated three components (84.22%), being Nutritional (DOC, DIC, Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cl- and PO43-), biological (thermotolerant coliforms) and physicochemical (pH, CE and DO). For the surface waters of the ISJ microbasin, the technique generated two components (85.08%), being Nutritional (Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cl- and PO43-) and biological (thermotolerant coliforms). The perception of the interviewed communities regarding the environmental quality of the area is revealed to be vulnerable, representing potential impacts on the health of residents, and on the environment in which they live.