Teses em Ciência Animal (Doutorado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4665

O Doutorado em Ciência Animal teve início em 2008, com início da primeira turma em 2009 junto à CAPES/MEC e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise imunohistológica e desenvolvimento folicular após auto-transplante de tecido ovariano de macaca de cheiro Saimiri collinsi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-11) SCALERCIO, Sarah Raphaella Rocha de Azevedo; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149; SANTOS, Regiane Rodrigues dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0500967766886604
The main objective of the present work was to study ovarian folliculogenesis in Saimiri sciureus. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of intra-ovarian factors related with the follicular development, inhibition and cell proliferation, as well as investigation the effects of pretreatment with vitamin E analogue, Trolox, on the viability and follicular function, apoptosis index, cell proliferation, vascularization and fibrosis after auto-transplanted of fresh ovarian tissue. It was possible for the first time imuno localize proteins expressed as: growth and differentiation factor -9 (GDF -9), c- kit/Kit Ligand and Ki-67 and confirm the expression of anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in different stages of follicular development in squirrel monkey ovary. Regarding pre-incubation with the Trolox antioxidant, it can improves follicular survival after autotransplantation, decrease apoptosis rates in stromal cells, although increase areas of fibrosis after graft. Our results suggest that fresh ovarian tissue can be grafted and incubated without major impact on early follicular growth and morphology after subcutaneous autotransplantation for a short-term. We believe that our results provide an important contribution to understanding the process of folliculogenesis in neotropical monkeys. This knowledge is an important tool to evaluate follicular viability and functionality after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue transplantation and in vitro culture of early follicles, especially for animals at risk of extinction and women that are undergoing to chemotherapy and radiation with risk of loss fertility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biometria testicular, caracterização e congelamento de sêmen de macacos-de-cheiro de vida livre (Saimiri vanzolinii, S. cassiquiarensis e S. macrodon) e cativeiro (S. Collinsi) em água de coco em pó (ACP-118®)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-24) OLIVEIRA, Karol Guimarães; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149
Recently, Saimiri sciureus taxon (squirrel monkey) was revised and some subspecies are now classified by some authors as species, for example: Saimiri collinsi, S. cassiquiarensis and S. macrodon. Phenotypically these species are well determined. However, information on reproductive aspects is still quite scarce. The objective of the first phase of this study was to describe and correlate the testis with the seminal quality from captive (S. collinsi) and free-living (S. vanzolinii, S. cassiquiarensis and S. macrodon) squirrel monkeys. Length, width, height, circumference and testicular volume were measured as well as motility, vigour, plasma membrane integrity and morphology, for correlation data. No difference was observed between the right and left testicles within species, neither difference between species concerning to testicular measures. Semen, which was collected by electroejaculation with rectal probe, was constituted by a coagulated fraction, a liquid fraction or both. Seminal quality was similar among species. There is no correlation between testicular volume and seminal volume (of liquid or coagulated fraction) in S. collinsi and S. vanzolinii. The second phase of this work aimed to propose a semen freezing protocol in an extender based in ACP- 118® (powdered coconut water), testing two glycerol concentrations (1.5 and 3%) for captive S. collinsi. The third phase aimed to test a semen cooling protocol without addition of egg yolk (extracellular cryoprotector) followed by freezing with the best glycerol concentration observed in the preceding experiment and apply these protocols, previously tested in captive S. collinsi, in free-living males from S. vanzolinii, S. cassiquiarensis and S. macrodon in field conditions. Semen from S. collinsi could be cooled in ACP-118® without egg yolk. The freezing protocol developed proved to be useful for semen cryopreservation of S. Collinsi, although requiring improved to allow better maintenance of sperm quality after thawing. The procedure proved to be also applicable under field conditions on free-living animals, providing very encouraging results for the formation of genebanks for species vulnerable to extinction as the S. vanzolinii.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Características fenotípicas e manejo genético de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) leiteiros: ranqueamento de reprodutores
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-08-10) MARQUES, Larissa Coelho; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676
The buffalo is an animal that can compete with differentiated products on internal and world markets, which presents own features and great performance when processing by-products and derivatives. Despite this, buffalo agribusiness resents of enhancers animals proved and / or tested to meet a demand that is vital for better genetic pattern. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypic characteristics of production milk and reproduction efficient of buffalo and perform genetic analyzes determining parameters and genetic index aimed at selection of buffalo to prepare a ranking of genetically superior breeding, increasing production chain of buffaloes in the Amazon region. We used 2,459 phenotypic records of Murrah, Mediterranean and half-blood buffaloes of EMBRAPA - CPATU herd from period between 1953 to 2013. The characteristics evaluated were: total milk production (TMP), fat percentage (F), age at first calving (AFC), calving interval (CI) and service period (SP). The descriptive analysis began with the editing of the data worked in the environments of Excel spreadsheet and SAS package. The overall results were: TMP = 1741.00 ± 496.48 kg, F = 7.07 ± 0.86%, AFC = 49.39 ± 7.37 months, CI = 13.16 ± 0.79 months and SP = 91.52 ± 24,22 days. In the analysis of variance for TMP the most significant effects were the birth order and the degree of blood from female, and to F was degree of female blood and AFC was calving season and birth order and CI and SP were station childbirth and the calf sex. The phenotypic correlations between TMP and F was 0.034, between TMP and AFC 0.118, between TMP and CI 0.070, between TMP and SP 0.070, between F and AFC -0.113, between F and CI -0.025, -0.025 between F and SP, among AFC and CI 0.445, 0.445 between AFC and SP and between CI and SP 1.00. Genetic analysis began with the editing of the data discussed in the environments of Excel spreadsheet and the SAS package and genetic analyzes were performed by WOMBAT software. For estimation of genetic parameters we used the animal model with two-trait analysis. The TMP was regressed depending on length of lactation and the regression coefficient was used for correction of lactation in 305 days (PL305). Fixed effects were contemporary group and linear and quadratic effects of birth female age as (co) variable. AFC and SP model was the same as described above with the exclusion of the term of the maternal permanent environmental effect. The heritability estimates for Murrah were: 0.49 for TMP; 0.59 for F; 0.75 for AFC; 0.006 for CI and 0.06 for SP; for the Mediterranean race were 0.31 for TMP; 0.08 for F; 0.78 for AFC; 0.90 for CI and 0.90 for SP. Genetic correlations between TMP and other features in the Murrah were 0.065 TMP and F; TMP and AFC 0.097, -0.450 TMP and CI and 0.079 TMP and SP for the Mediterranean were: -0.267 TMP and F; 0,629 TMP and AFC; 0.559 TMP and CI and 0.624 CI TMP and SP. The ranking of bulls / breeding was based on predictions of probable transmission ability (PTA's), using the SAS package which allows editing a bulls catalog of buffalo species of EMBRAPA Amazônia Oriental in that period. Based on the results the variability of the studied herd is likely to be crafted with the genetic management for both production characteristics as to the reproductive efficiency.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espacial e temporal da comunidade de rotifera na usina hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-PA, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) BEZERRA, Márcia Francineli da Cunha; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do cortisol na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-19) ALMEIDA, Nathalia Nogueira da Costa de; MIRANDA, Moysés dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3354029928888919; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of cortisol in oocyte maturation and bovine embryo culture. In Chapter 1 we analyzed the distribution and location of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by immunocytochemistry in oocytes, cumulus cells, embryonic cells 2-4, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst, and was also verified the presence of mRNA (qualitative RT-PCR) for GR in the stages. The results showed that the GR is present in all cells analyzed. In order to verify the functionality GR in preimplantation embryo development, translation of mRNA for GR zygotes was silenced in the RNAi technique, and subsequent embryo development was analyzed. The embryonic development decreased (P <0.05) after silencing of GR mRNA. The presence of GR oocyte and the cumulus cells indicates that these cells are sensitive to the use of CG. Given this, in Chapter 2, the effects of different cortisol concentrations during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes and embryonic development, apoptosis rate and gene expression (NRF1, COX, TFAM, GLUT1, FASN and HSP70) were analiyzed. The concentrations of cortisol used were 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg / mL . There was no statistical difference in the number of cells and cleavage rate, but the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of cortisol increased the blastocyst rate when compared to the control group (without cortisol in IVM) (41 ± 10 versus 21 ± 1.2; p <0.05, respectively). The rate of apoptosis and gene expression in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts was only assessed at a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml of cortisol. There was no statistical difference in the apoptotic index, and not with respect to gene expression in oocytes and cumulus cells for COX genes, NRF1, HSP70 and FASN (p> 0, 05). Regarding embryonic gene expression, only the measurements relative mRNA FASN, GLUT1 and HSP70 were increased in blastocysts treated with 0.1 g/ml during IVM when compared to embryos of the Control group (p <0.05), the other genes showed no change (p> 0.05). In Chapter 3, we investigated the use of cortisol during in vitro culture (IVC) of bovine embryos. As in Chapter 1 was identified GR in all embryonic stages and when the GR expression was silenced and embryonic development was impaired. Thus, in the experiment three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg / mL) of cortisol in IVC and embryonic development was evaluated same parameters of Chapter 2. There was no statistical difference in the embryos treated with cortisol in different concentrations when compared to the control for the parameters analyzed (p> 0.05). The concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was chosen to evaluate other parameters of embryo quality. Thus, IVC embryos with or without 0.1 mg/mL of cortisol, were analyzed for apoptosis rate and gene expression, not being statistically significant difference in any of the analyzes (p> 0.05). After these studies conclude that oocytes and embryos are responsive to GC, and the addition of cortisol in IVM improves oocyte competence, but the supplementation of IVC with cortisol may not have influence on embryo development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Estudo da paratuberculose em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no estado do Maranhão
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-03-11) REIS, Alessandra dos Santos Belo; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
This study investigated paratuberculosis (PTB) in water buffaloes in the state of Maranhão (MA). For that were performed using the rectal biopsy as an auxiliary tool in the collection of samples for ante mortem diagnosis of PTB; dosages of copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) in PTB positive animals was performed, as well as the report of the detection of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map) in the utero and fetus of a buffalo. In the first study were conducted 140 rectal biopsies in buffaloes of Murrah, Mediterranean and their crossbreeds, over the age of three years in São Mateus, MA. These biopsies were processed by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and quantitative PCR (qPCR). Postmortem examination of 11 buffaloes with clinical signs suggestive of PTB was performed and samples of ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) were collected for performing qPCR and ZN. By ZN staining of rectal biopsies, 4.3% (6/140) acid-fast bacilli and qPCR, 5% (7/140) had amplification of genetic material. The pathological lesions of four animals were consistent with lesions suggestive of PTB showed acid-fast bacilli and amplification of genetic material. The correlation between rectal biopsy and analysis of ileal tissue and LM, according to the Kappa test was high (K=0.792). In the second study, 13 postmortem examination were carried in buffaloes of Murrah, Mediterranean and their crossbreeds, over the age of three years in the cities of São Mateus and São Luís, MA. Ileum and mesenteric lymph nodes samples were collected for Map search and liver to dosage minerals (Cu, Zn and Fe). Seven buffaloes were positive for PTB and allocated in Group 1; six buffaloes were negative and allocated in Group 2. In the dosing of trace minerals in Group 1 showed levels below the reference values for Cu and Zn. It was observed that the average Cu concentration was 18.0ppm and Zn 68.6ppm. In Group 2 the average Cu concentration was 113.7ppm and Zn 110.0ppm. The iron concentrations in both groups were high (>669ppm). The third study was conducted on a property in São Luís, MA. A buffalo cow pregnant with marked physical debility and clinical signs suggestive of PTB was eutanasiada and necropsiada. Fragments ileum, MLN, uterus, and placenta of buffalo cow were collected; fragments of kidney, liver, umbilical vessel and digestive system (DS) of the fetus were collected and were analyzed by Zn and qPCR. The buffalo cow was positive in ileum samples, mesenteric lymph nodes and uterus in qPCR and the fetus was positive in DS. In the ileum, MLN and feces were observed acid-fast bacilli. It is concluded that rectal biopsy analysis can be used to help diagnose ante mortem. The PTB could lead to mineral deficiency and worsen the clinical condition of the buffaloes. The presence of Map in buffalo can occur in various organs, including the reproductive system and intrauterine transmission can occur in this species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fauna microparasitária de Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii e Mugil curema desembarcados na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-29) DIAS, Lilian de Nazaré Santos; MATOS, Edilson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7895814591867510; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669; FREITAS, José de Arimatéa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382745365421156
The gilthead bream Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii and white mullet Mugil curema are species of fish consumption and considerable commercial value found in estuarine cost of Pará The microparasites phyla Apicomplexa, Microspora and Myxozoa are organisms that can be found parasitizing vertebrates and invertebrates, including the fish, some pathogenic potential and even zoonotic and economic impact. To discover the fauna microparasites affecting fish , 62 specimens of B. rousseauxii and 58 M. curema estuarna captured on the coast of the city of Vigia de Nazare and Mosqueiro District, in Belem, Para state were examined as methods and techniques for morphological analysis (microscopy light), ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy, TEM) and molecular biology (phylogenetic analysis). It was observed that there are three phyla (three in B. rousseauxii and two in M. curema) captured hosts in the two locations , plus the largest parasitic index was determined in specimens of both captured on the coast of the estuarine Vigia de Nazare , higher incidence of co microparasites phyla Apicomplexa and Myxozoa, beyond multiparasitism in B. rousseauxii Morphological analysis revealed the presence of Calyptospora sp. (Apicomplexa), Ellipsomyxa sp., Henneguya sp., Myxobolus sp. and Meglishcha sp. (Myxozoa) and Kabatana sp. (Microspora) in B. rousseauxii and Ellipsomyxa sp., Myxobolus sp. and Microspora phylum microparasito in M. curema. The data analysis of morphological and ultrastructural Myxospora found in B. rousseauxii and M. curema are suggestive of new species microparasites these two hosts. Phylogenetic analysis of the data did not provide results that allow the classification of Kabatana sp. (Microspora) and Henneguya sp. (Myxozoa) found parasitizing B. rousseauxii microparasites as new species in this host due to low bootstrap value, but by analyzing the distance p was possible to suggest that these are new species. Studies about microparasites in Amazonian fish are needed for the knowledge of the occurrences, characterization d new species, the pathogenic potential hosts and possible risk to the consumer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Incubação de ovos e criação de filhotes de guará (Eudocimus ruber) no parque Mangal das Garças: uma ferramenta para a conservação da espécie
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-12) MIRANDA, Stefânia Araújo; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149
The population of scarlet ibis is considered to be extinct in several regions. Captive breeding techniques are complementary tools for species conservation. The objectives were to develop a feeding protocol and an ambient environment for the rearing of scarlet ibis chicks, to intensify reproduction in captivity and increase the number of ibises in the colony, describe the developmental stages of chicks and develop growth estimation equations. The chicks were fed with three diets: Diet C (commercial feed), S (commercial ration and shrimp) and F (commercial ration and fish). The body condition and weight were taken daily, and the body measurements every seven days. The mortality rate under Diet C was 100%, and 0% under Diets S and F. The mean body weight and bones lengths were higher with Diet F and the mean length of the unpigmented portion of the beak did not differ among the diets (P<0.05). Diet F had higher nutritional contents. Rearing was artificial during year I and natural during year II at one of the areas of the park. The limbs development and body condition were evaluated daily, and the weight every seven days during artificial rearing. The mortality rate was lower and the number of births and survival rate were higher during artificial rearing. All of the young exhibited weight gain (P<0.05), good body condition and no dystrophies were observed. The development stages of chicks and the weight were monitored daily, and the measurements of the beak and bones were taken every seven days. The eyes opened on day 4.73±0.12, the nestlings moved within the nest on day 6.31±0.18 and left the nest on day 15.3±0.68. The means weight and measurements of the bones increased (P<0.05). The means of beak despigmentation decreased (P<0.05). The beak pigmentation started on day 7º and on day 35º was completely pigmented. The correlation between all parameters and the determination coefficients of regression equations were high. Diet F was found to be best for the artificial rearing. The artificial rearing protocol provided an adequate environment and feeding, intensified the reproduction and increased the number of scarlet ibises. Growth estimation equations were developed to assess the chicks growth and was possible to describe the developmental stages. Beak pigmentation was found to be a useful parameter for estimating the age.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Respostas termolíticas e qualidade seminal de ovinos naturalizados criados em ambiente tropical
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-10-30) KAHWAGE, Priscila Reis; GARCIA, Alexandre Rossetto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2678267039338224
The study aimed to deepen knowledge about anatomical and physiological features related to body heat loss ability and relation to semen quality of naturalized sheep Morada Nova and Santa Ines on tropical environment. Nine male Santa Inês and seven Morada Nova breed were subjected to two experiments. The first test included monitoring of coat features (amount of melanin, thick, length and diameter of the fibers), sweat rate, physiological indicators of thermal comfort (respiratory rate, heart rate, rectal temperature, surface temperature, skin temperature and scrotal surface temperature), sperm quality (sperm concentration, progressive motility, plasma membrane integrity, major defects, minor defects and total defects) and testicular parenchyma integrity coupled with the meteorological variables measured throughout the year. Statistical analysis was performed using the GLM and LSMEANS procedures of SAS software, version 9.1.3. Significant differences (P <0.05) were observed between the summer and fall and winter, with increase in termolitics parameters during the hot season. Already sperm quality did not vary throughout the year. The second experiment evaluated the capacity of rams to maintain body and testicular homeothermy under thermal challenge. Animals were subjected to heat tolerance test, which consists maintenance in the shade (period 1), followed by exposure to the sun (period 2) and return to the shadow (period 3). In the three periods were measured: respiratory rate, heart rate, body surface temperature, back, eyeball and scrotum, by infrared thermography. Adaptability of the animals was measured by heat tolerance index calculation. Sperm quality and testicular parenchyma integrity were evaluated before and after the heat challenge. In Period 1, the variables had baseline values for both genotypes. In Period 2, the variables involved in thermolysis significantly increased (P<0.05), which matches a thermal discomfort situation. In Period 3, the variables returned to baseline values and some values were lower than those in Period 1. Seminal and ultrasonographic variables did not share with thermal insult. It is concluded that MN and SIN rams had efficient thermolytic mechanisms that favor preserving gonadal functionality. The animals were considered resilient to a thermal challenge.

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