Teses em Ciência Animal (Doutorado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4665

O Doutorado em Ciência Animal teve início em 2008, com início da primeira turma em 2009 junto à CAPES/MEC e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos perigos microbiológicos em uma indústria de beneficiamento de pescados e sugestão de um sistema de gestão de qualidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-21) LIMA, Consuelo Lucia Sousa de; LOURENÇO, Lúcia de Fátima Henriques; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7365554949786769; FREITAS, José de Arimatéa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382745365421156
From among products of animal origin, fish are the most susceptible to deterioration and may represent a risk to health if they are contaminated by pathogenic micro-organisms. Therefore the fish industries must take special care during ali stages of processing. This study evaluated microbiological hazards in the processing line and products in a fish industry and proposes its adaptation to the necessary prerequisites for implementation of Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) system. Were carried out microbiological and physicochemical analysis of 144 samples (fillets and flitch) of frozen fish of different species collected directly in the industry, were also submitted to microbiological testing 12 ice samples, 24 water samples and 340 samples from surfaces (equipment, tools and gloves handlers). The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) were evaluated using a checklist applied during five surveys in the industry. Trainings were carried out and evaluated temperatures of raw materials and semi finished products. It was then proposed a HACCP plan for processing line of frozen fish fillet. Among the pathogens evaluated only coagulase positive staphylococci were detected in 2.7% of fish samples, within the limit established by Brazilian law, but above the values established by national legislation for pH and BVT were detected in 18.1% and 3.5% of the samples, respectively. The samples of ice and water were not detected coliforms at 35°C and 45°C. From samples of equipment and utensils analyzeds, 50% and 81.82% were within the recommendations established by OPAS of 1.7 log CFU/cm2 for aerobic mesophilic and coliforms at 45°C, the first and second sampling period, respectively. The gloves, the first sampling period showed counts above 4 log CFU / glove of mesophilic aerobic microorganisms in 76.67% of the samples and in the second period in only 21.67%. In the evaluation of GMP in the first two surveys the industry was classified as High Risk for having submitted the conformities percentage below 50%, and as Medium Risk in subsequent surveys, for answering 51-75% of the recommended items in the check list. With these results it was found that GMPs are not fully implemented in the industry analized, detecting several non-conformities. The development of the HACCP plan was carried out according to the following steps: formation of the team, product description, development of production flowchart, hazard analysis, identification of Critical Control Points (CCPs), establishment of critical limits and corrective actions, and monitoring, records and verification procedures. The proposed implementation of the HACCP plan is applicable and may contribute significantly to the development of fish products with higher quality and food safety.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Polimorfismos no gene da osteopontina e suas associações com a fertilidade de búfalos na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2012-09-24) ROLIM FILHO, Sebastião Tavares; RIBEIRO, Haroldo Francisco Lobato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1614582293203770
Because the osteopontin gene can influence the fertility of water buffaloes, the aim of this work was to identify polymorphisms in this gene and associate them with fertility parameters of animals kept under extensive grazing. We used 306 male buffaloes older than 18 months, bred on two farms, one in the state of Amapá and the other in the state of Pará. We identified three SNP for the region amplified by the primer OS4 (5`UTR) and four SNP polymorphisms for the region amplified by the primer OS9 (exon 5 to exon 6). The polymorphisms were in positions 1478, 1513 and 1611 in the region amplified by OS4 and positions 6690, 6737, 6925 and 6952 in the region amplified by OS9. We calculated correlations with the traits scrotal circumference and volume and sperm motility, concentration and pathology. There were SNPs for all the traits studied at 5% significance: for circumference, SNP 6690; for volume, SNP 6737; for concentration, SNP 6690; for motility, SNP 6690; and for pathology, SNP 6690. Therefore, SNP 6690 was related to four traits. The AA genotype of SNP 6690 presented the highest averages for scrotal circumference, sperm concentration and motility and the lowest total number of pathologies. However, for the scrotal volume trait, the animals with the largest volume were correlated with the presence of the GG genotype of SNP 6737. This indicates that the osteopontin gene is important because it can have a substantial influence on the reproductive traits of male buffaloes.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da qualidade da água e da sazonalidade no processo produtivo de Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) no município de Curuçá–PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-05-29) PALHETA, Glauber David Almeida; MELO, Nuno Filipe Alves Correia de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4989238044542736; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
Shrimp production in Amazon has a potential to rise in the next years. Litopenaeus vannamei is a marine species which is starting to be better explored in Para State. This is due to water quality, more precisely to physical, chemical, hydrologic and sanitary water condition, and sediments. We can also mention that the seasonality of region may contribute to adequate condition for L. vannamei production. The accompaniment of water conditions are indispensable to understand how the seasonality could affect the shrimp production in Para State. The management in shrimp farm could be improved with inclusion of statistic in the data from shrimp farm and this technique maybe used to model the parameters during the cultivation and, consequently, improving the production and decreasing the cost. Therefore, the Thesis aimed to evaluate the influence of seasonality in water quality and shrimp growth. To those evaluations, the shrimp production in a commercial farm (Curuçá city, PA) was evaluate during the two cycle found in the region, and the first was from January to April of 2011 (rainy season) and the second was from July to November of 2012 (less rainy season). The farm had four tanks of one hectare of water surface and those thanks were used alternately in both cycles. In general, the seasonality found in Amazon altered the water quality in both cycles, but the shrimp cultivation was not affected. In addition, the production showed to be viable economically in both periods (rainy and less rainy season). There was correlation among rainfall and shrimp production.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Fauna microparasitária de Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii e Mugil curema desembarcados na Amazônia oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-11-29) DIAS, Lilian de Nazaré Santos; MATOS, Edilson Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7895814591867510; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0510818763187669; FREITAS, José de Arimatéa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382745365421156
The gilthead bream Brachyplatystoma rousseauxii and white mullet Mugil curema are species of fish consumption and considerable commercial value found in estuarine cost of Pará The microparasites phyla Apicomplexa, Microspora and Myxozoa are organisms that can be found parasitizing vertebrates and invertebrates, including the fish, some pathogenic potential and even zoonotic and economic impact. To discover the fauna microparasites affecting fish , 62 specimens of B. rousseauxii and 58 M. curema estuarna captured on the coast of the city of Vigia de Nazare and Mosqueiro District, in Belem, Para state were examined as methods and techniques for morphological analysis (microscopy light), ultrastructural (transmission electron microscopy, TEM) and molecular biology (phylogenetic analysis). It was observed that there are three phyla (three in B. rousseauxii and two in M. curema) captured hosts in the two locations , plus the largest parasitic index was determined in specimens of both captured on the coast of the estuarine Vigia de Nazare , higher incidence of co microparasites phyla Apicomplexa and Myxozoa, beyond multiparasitism in B. rousseauxii Morphological analysis revealed the presence of Calyptospora sp. (Apicomplexa), Ellipsomyxa sp., Henneguya sp., Myxobolus sp. and Meglishcha sp. (Myxozoa) and Kabatana sp. (Microspora) in B. rousseauxii and Ellipsomyxa sp., Myxobolus sp. and Microspora phylum microparasito in M. curema. The data analysis of morphological and ultrastructural Myxospora found in B. rousseauxii and M. curema are suggestive of new species microparasites these two hosts. Phylogenetic analysis of the data did not provide results that allow the classification of Kabatana sp. (Microspora) and Henneguya sp. (Myxozoa) found parasitizing B. rousseauxii microparasites as new species in this host due to low bootstrap value, but by analyzing the distance p was possible to suggest that these are new species. Studies about microparasites in Amazonian fish are needed for the knowledge of the occurrences, characterization d new species, the pathogenic potential hosts and possible risk to the consumer.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espacial de anticorpos IgG para Toxoplasma gondii em um estudo soroepidemiológico realizado em bovídeos no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) OLIVEIRA, Jefferson Pinto de; CASSEB, Alexandre do Rosário; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6525374874057337; FREITAS, José de Arimatéa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2382745365421156
This study aims to determine the prevalence of antibodies immunoglobulin class G (IgG) specific of this disease in bovine created, by contributing to the understanding of the epidemiology of this zoonosis in the state of Pará. The study was conducted in all Para meso, they were harvested blood samples from animals in 2070, with 1750 and 320 bovine and buffalo, respectively, coming from 52 municipalities and 100 properties, a survey of the epidemiological aspects influencing the onset of the infectious agent. Sera of animals underwent the test of ELISA Kit – Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and indirect immunofluorescence - IFA for the detection of specific IgG antibodies to T. gondii cattle and buffalo the Imunodot® company. The animals were considered positive in the IFAT test from the dilution 1:64. It was considered statistically significant difference p 0.005. The buffaloes had higher seropositivity that the bovine, as well as the IFA test was higher than the ELISA test, and Mesoregion more seropositive was the Lower Amazon. There were no significant differences in the frequency of T. gondii, in relation to sex, type of exploitation, but no significant association for age, size of property, number of animals in the property, creation cycle, and the properties that presented greater amount of cats and dogs were the ones that had higher sororreagência the anti - T. gondii.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A etnoictiologia de pescadores xikrin da terra indígena Trincheira Bacajá - Pará, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) CARVALHO JÚNIOR, Jaime Ribeiro; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007; ROCHA, Rossineide Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4371300451793081
This thesis was developed in five villages of the indigenous community Xikrin-Mebêngôkre, which inhabit the Indigenous Land Trincheira Bacajá - ILTB, Pará, Brazil. The overall objective was to analyze by ethnoictiology, the various ecological, cognitive and behavioral aspects of fishermen, aiming to understand the basic interactions that this community has with fish stocks and other elements of the ecosystems in ILTB. With the proper permits, the research was conducted between the months of April 2011 to April 2013, in seven trips to five villages, totaling 153 days. The information was obtained through ethnoictiological and ethnoecological approaches and employing a set of methods related to participatory research. The study included 103 Indians aged 15-84 years and residents of villages: Mrotidjãm; Bakajá; Pytakô; Pat-Kro and Pykayakà. According to the knowledge of Xikrin, the aquatic resources perceived by them in the ngo (water) field and used most often are made up of toe (fish) and they allowed to generate an ethnotaxonomical list consisting of 144 fish species that were grouped into four categories (consumption, commercial, bait and handicrafts) according to the diversity of use in ILTB, with 135 species declared for consumption (94% of total); it is noteworthy that there is overlap among species usages, ie, some fish have multiple functions and are used in different ways, however, the primary function is the protein source, ensuring family livelihood. According to the seasonality, this diversity of fish occurred in at least 26 preferred microhabitats. The waki (screen) mode was used in all seasonal periods and opportunely was built in ILTB an ethnoecological seasonal calendar, which were summarized the close connections of the biotic and abiotic components existing in the region. In these ethnoictiological records of species of cultural importance Xikrin represent the first steps towards understanding the process of use of fish and it is considered that the continuity of this knowledge, sayings and doings Xikrin, acquired over many years and passed by mebengêt (old) are indispensable to the daily life of the entire population speaker and reader of language Mebêngôkre, not only for survival and empowerment of the communities, but also for the intrinsic value of belonging and being Xikrin.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O caranguejo-uçá Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Brachyura, Ucididae), no litoral paraense: uma abordagem sobre a atividade extrativa no Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-31) SILVA, Mauro Marcio Tavares da; PINHEIRO, Marcelo Antonio Amaro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6829111589524333; QUEIROZ, Helder Lima de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3131281054700225
This paper initially provides information about the extraction potential of productive mangroves in the municipalities of Quatipuru and Bragança, as well as the socioeconomic characterization of the extractive professionals (crabbers) of this resource. Parallel to the information generated in the mangroves and communities interviewed in Quatipuru and Bragança, this study also seeks to contextualize the extractive activity of the mangrove crab-uçá around the Pará coast, through information obtained by the collection and analysis of data in different mangrove municipalities of Pará’s coast, characterizing the productive activity of this important resource extraction communities. The information collection occurred in the period between 2010-2012, where the extractive potential was examined, in the mangroves of Bragança and Quatipuru confirming these locations as potentially producing regions, with a density of 5.01 ± 1.09 ind/m2 in the Quatipuru magrove and 6.5 ± 1.0 ind/m2 in the Bragança mangrove with an immediate extraction potential (IEP) of 80.91 % in Quatipuru and 86.23 % in Bragança. Concerning extractive activity in the major communities in the municipalities of Quatipuru and Bragança, the profile of crabbers was characterized by male dominated, low education, with at least 16 years of activity for most in Quatipuru and more than 20 years for most of the interviewed in the communities of Bragança. The primary capture technique used is the "braceamento" with the aid of hook in both locations, where they capture on average 51-100 units / day in Quatipuru and 101-150 in Braganca, where the middleman is the main destination of the product for the sites investigated. The data obtained from the Pará coastal reveal that out of all the mangroves studied, the municipality of Viseu was highlighted as an important forest region of Pará, with a density of 4.23 ± 1.40 ind/m2, CPUE 46.6 (crabs / man / hour) and 226.8 ± 113.1 units captured by crabber/day, however , it is important to notice that this municipality had the lowest average price per crab (R$0.18 ± 0,05) among all communities of the municipalities visited. The importance of this resource for the communities in the coastal Pará is clear and requires regulatory actions that support exploration with sustainability, as well as encouraging these professionals of artisanal fisheries through actions of to recover their citizenship.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Regulação comportamental em caititus (Pecari tajacu): o efeito da estrutura social na função reprodutiva de fêmeas em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-02) SILVA, Suleima do Socorro Bastos da; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The failure in the fertility of adult female collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) bred in captivity are a restrictive factor for the efficiency of production and needs further investigation. Assess the reproductive function of females reared under intensive rearing system was the objective of this research. Twenty females were monitored in family groups (controls) for 60 days, and experimental groups (female descendants grouped with unrelated males and in the absence of parents), for more 60 days. The agonistic interactions, submission, friendly and sex were recorded three times a week, social dominance was assessed by Elo-rating method and the social preference by frequency of friendly interactions. Blood was collected for measurement of plasma progesterone by solid phase radioimmunoassay and pregnancy was confirmed by ultrasound examination. In three of the four control groups, the parents remained in the highest positions in the hierarchy while in the experimental group stage, the female descendants occupied the highest posts. The frequency of received friendly interactions depended on the sex and the condition (H = 142 991 p <0.01) whereas females mothers received, on average, 2.21 times more interactions than other individuals. Males and females received equal frequencies in the experimental groups. The estrus lasted 3.6 ± 1.0 days with progesterone at 1.2 ± 0.6 ng / mL and higher frequency of copulations in the final third of this period. Sexual interactions increased during estrus in females (P = 0.0019) and males (P <0.0009), which intensified their frequency of olfactory inspection. Copulations were recorded in the early pregnancy. All pluriparous females (heavier, older and dominant) showed reproductive activity (cyclicity or pregnancy) while seven nulliparous females had periods of anestrus, short (16 days) or long (60 days) in the control group. In the experimental group all nulliparous and primiparous mated and 14 pups were born, however, only five remained after seven days of life. We demonstrate the presence of the dominance of the parents on the progeny and a mechanism for reproductive inhibition in family groupings. We suggest that nulliparous females of reproductive age are relocated from their original group for groups with unrelated males, ensuring the reproductive potential of creation and access to food, space and other resources generally preferred prioritized by dominant individuals.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Produção in vitro de embriões de caititu (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-13) FERREIRA, Ana Cássia Sarmento; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
This work considers the application of reproduction biotechniques on species Pecari tajacu designed to improve its potential for upbringing in captivity and aiming its production, conservation and the multiplication of genetical resources. To determine the maturation time in vitro, 48 females were utilized. An amount of 69 CCOs were selected and divided in 4 groups, per age and per time of MIV. They were then submitted to parthenogenetic activation in ionomycin and 6-DMAP. For the meiotic progression analysis, 165 oocytes were divided in 4 groups according to supplementation of hormones in MIV and time of maturation. For the cryopreservation, epididymal sperm of 9 males were utilized, diluted in Tris-fructose and ACP-120 and divided in groups of refrigeration at 4°C and freezing at -196 °C in the presence of glutathione (GSH), where the parameters of motility, vigor and viable sperm were evaluated, after fresh dilution and cryopreservation. For the embryo production, 97 oocytes after MIV of 36 hours were divided in groups of parthenogenetic activation, IVF and ICSI. Through parthenogenetic activation the rates of cleavages were obtained (47%) for the oocytes of females with less than 2 years of age, submitted to MIV in 36 hours. In all groups cleavages were observed, but with no significant difference (P>0,05) among the groups analysed. One blastocyst rate of 15,4% was observed only in the group of oocytes activated after MIV of 44 hours. In the meiotic progression analysis, in all times analyzed oocytes were found in MII. In the cryopreservation of the spermatozoa it was observed a drop of the parameters analyzed in the two extenders in all groups. The presence of glutathione did not interfere significantly in the parameters analyzed. In the freezing, the rates of motility and viable sperm were superior in ACP-120 (> 50%) and in the freezing in tris-fructose, 33% and 18%. The production of embryos in vitro was well succeeded in the parthenogenetic activation (62,9%) and in ICSI (52,6%). In IVF the rates were low (7%). The production of blastocyst occurred only in the partenotes embryos (4,5%). The results of this work showed the feasibility of reproductives biotechniques, such gametes conservation and in vitro production of embryos of the species Pecari tajacu.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Biometria testicular, caracterização e congelamento de sêmen de macacos-de-cheiro de vida livre (Saimiri vanzolinii, S. cassiquiarensis e S. macrodon) e cativeiro (S. Collinsi) em água de coco em pó (ACP-118®)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-24) OLIVEIRA, Karol Guimarães; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149
Recently, Saimiri sciureus taxon (squirrel monkey) was revised and some subspecies are now classified by some authors as species, for example: Saimiri collinsi, S. cassiquiarensis and S. macrodon. Phenotypically these species are well determined. However, information on reproductive aspects is still quite scarce. The objective of the first phase of this study was to describe and correlate the testis with the seminal quality from captive (S. collinsi) and free-living (S. vanzolinii, S. cassiquiarensis and S. macrodon) squirrel monkeys. Length, width, height, circumference and testicular volume were measured as well as motility, vigour, plasma membrane integrity and morphology, for correlation data. No difference was observed between the right and left testicles within species, neither difference between species concerning to testicular measures. Semen, which was collected by electroejaculation with rectal probe, was constituted by a coagulated fraction, a liquid fraction or both. Seminal quality was similar among species. There is no correlation between testicular volume and seminal volume (of liquid or coagulated fraction) in S. collinsi and S. vanzolinii. The second phase of this work aimed to propose a semen freezing protocol in an extender based in ACP- 118® (powdered coconut water), testing two glycerol concentrations (1.5 and 3%) for captive S. collinsi. The third phase aimed to test a semen cooling protocol without addition of egg yolk (extracellular cryoprotector) followed by freezing with the best glycerol concentration observed in the preceding experiment and apply these protocols, previously tested in captive S. collinsi, in free-living males from S. vanzolinii, S. cassiquiarensis and S. macrodon in field conditions. Semen from S. collinsi could be cooled in ACP-118® without egg yolk. The freezing protocol developed proved to be useful for semen cryopreservation of S. Collinsi, although requiring improved to allow better maintenance of sperm quality after thawing. The procedure proved to be also applicable under field conditions on free-living animals, providing very encouraging results for the formation of genebanks for species vulnerable to extinction as the S. vanzolinii.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Intoxicação por sal em ovinos e caprinos no estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) DUARTE, Marcos Dutra; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
This paper reports the first outbreaks of salt poisoning in sheep and goats in Brazil on a farm in the state of Pará. The evaluation of the facilities and the handling indicates as predisposing factors the excessive intake of mineral mixture and water restriction. The first outbreak occurred in sheep, eight animals (1,46%) were affected from a total of 545 animals and four (50%) of them died. The second and third outbreaks occurred in a herd of 191 goats. In the second outbreak, four animals (2,09) were affected and none died. In the third outbreak, eight goats (4,19%) were affected and two (25%) of them died. In sheep the main clinical signs were recumbency, decrease or absence of cutaneous sensibility, absence of auricular, palpebral and menace reflexes, mydriasis, nystagmus, opisthotonus, spasticity of limbs, somnolence and stupor. Beside this signs observed there were bloat, diarrhea, tachypnea, tachycardia, dehydration and polyuria. The clinical course of the disease in sheep that died ranged from 2 and a half hours to 48 hours. The main clinical signs in the goats were muscle weakness, abnormal posture of the head and neck such us staying with his head down, head and neck rotation, neck extension and lateral deviation of the neck, sternal and lateral recumbency, mydriasis, absence of pupillary reflex to light, stay with pelvic and thoracic limbs abduced or in broad-based, increased flexor reflex, polyuria and intense thirst were observed. They were observed also rumen hypomotility, tachycardia, decreased skin turgor. The clinical course in goats of second outbreak varied from 4 to 24 hours. In the goats of third outbreak who died the evolution ranged by six to eight hours and two to three days in the goats who have recovered. The medium of serum concentration of sodium and potassium of 31 sheep from the same group affected on samples collected during the outbreak revealed hypernatremia (190 mEq/l) and hyperkalemia (8.2 mEq/l), respectively. The mean serum concentrations of sodium and potassium of 36 goats from the same lot of animals affected in the second outbreak in samples taken two days before the onset of clinical signs revealed hypernatremia (167 mEq/l) and the average level of potassium (4.7 mEq/l) within the reference values for the species. The averages of these same parameters in samples from goats in the third outbreak with clinical signs of intoxication (143,7 mEq/l for sodium and 3.9 mEq/l for potassium) were within the reference values. However, the averages of these same parameters in samples of goats in the third outbreak, with clinical signs of intoxication (143.7 mEq/l for sodium and 3.9 mEq/l for potassium), were within the reference values. At necropsy in only one of four sheep there was flattening of the cerebral gyri. Microscopically in this sheep there was a vacuolization of the neuropil in the cerebral cortex with moderate intensity in the intermediary surface and mild on the superficial, with increased of perineural and perivascular spaces. In these areas there was still markedly swollen nucleus of astrocytes and acute neuronal necrosis. Noteworthy macroscopic or microscopic changes were not observed in the goats. The dosages of sodium showed high values in the brain of the poisoning animals, in an ovine value of 3,513 ppm and in two goats, values of 3,703 and 3,675 ppm. Five goats of the third outbreak were treated with dexamethasone and thiamine, intramuscularly, twice daily for two days, and water was offered in small amounts three times a day. All treated animals were recovered in three days. The diagnosis of salt poisoning was based on epidemiology, clinical signs, in the lesions, in the dosages of sodium in serum and brain and in the response to treatment in five goats.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Diagnóstico das deficiências de macro e micro minerais em búfalas (Bubalus bubalis) provenientes da Ilha de Marajó, Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-30) OLIVEIRA, Carlos Magno Chaves; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
This study aimed to evaluate in buffaloes of the Marajó Island serum concentrations and phosphorus in bones, the percentage of ashes and the specific density of the bones, the levels of copper, cobalt, selenium, zinc and iron before and after selective mineral supplementation. For this study, 14 crossbred buffaloes of Murrah and Mediterranean aged between 18 and 36 months were used. The average values of phosphorus, before supplementation, were 5, 68 mg/dl ± 1.18 in serum and 16.53% ± 0.53 in the bones. The percentage of ashes in bones was 59.95% ± 1.96 and the specific bone density was 1,52 g/cm3 ± 0.32, which demonstrates a phosphorus deficiency in animals raised on the island of Marajó. The average copper values were 7.75 ± 1.73 ppm, the cobalt ± 0.17 0.40 ppm, the zinc of 88.01 ± 35.03 ppm, the 0.22 ppm selenium and iron ± 0.12 1395.72 ± 764.74 ppm. These results indicate a deficiency of copper, zinc and selenium, cobalt and appropriate values of excess iron in the liver. After supplementation for a period of seven months the phosphorus values were 6.61 mg / dl in serum ± 0.87 and 16.90 ± 0.56% in the bones. The percentage of ash was 60.30% ± 0.95 and the specific bone density was 1.71 g/cm3 ± 0.21. These values characterize a significant increase in the concentrations of P in blood serum, in the percentage of P in the ashes and on specific bone density (P < 0.05), however there wasn't a significant increase in the percentage of ash. The average increase in the values of P in the bones and the ashes did not reach heights of normality, however 28.6% of the animals had normal serum P values, 50% had normal values of P in the ashes and 64.3% of the animals had specific normal bone density. There was no response to supplementation in relation to the percentage of ash. Regarding micro minerals, after supplementation values were 205.41 ± 80.54 ppm for copper, 0.40 ± 0.22 ppm for cobalt, 75.71 ± 11.74 ppm for zinc, 1.30 ppm ± 1.34 for selenium and 826.48 ± 394.76 ppm for iron, which shows a significant increase (P <0.05) concentrations of copper and selenium and a significant decrease in the amounts of iron (P <0, 05). There was no response to supplementation in relation to the percentage of ashes. Regarding micro minerals, after supplementation values were 205.41 ± 80.54 ppm for copper, 0.40 ± 0.22 ppm for cobalt, 75.71 ± 11.74 ppm for zinc, 1.30 ppm ± 1.34 for selenium and 826.48 ± 394.76 ppm for iron, which shows a significant increase (P <0.05) concentrations of copper and selenium and a significant decrease in the amounts of iron (P <0, 05). There was no recovery of zinc and cobalt concentrations which remained within the normal range. Failure to increased concentrations of zinc in the liver after supplementation may have occurred because of the high concentrations of calcium in Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu used in animal nutrition.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise imunohistológica e desenvolvimento folicular após auto-transplante de tecido ovariano de macaca de cheiro Saimiri collinsi
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-11) SCALERCIO, Sarah Raphaella Rocha de Azevedo; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149; SANTOS, Regiane Rodrigues dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0500967766886604
The main objective of the present work was to study ovarian folliculogenesis in Saimiri sciureus. Therefore, we evaluated the expression of intra-ovarian factors related with the follicular development, inhibition and cell proliferation, as well as investigation the effects of pretreatment with vitamin E analogue, Trolox, on the viability and follicular function, apoptosis index, cell proliferation, vascularization and fibrosis after auto-transplanted of fresh ovarian tissue. It was possible for the first time imuno localize proteins expressed as: growth and differentiation factor -9 (GDF -9), c- kit/Kit Ligand and Ki-67 and confirm the expression of anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) in different stages of follicular development in squirrel monkey ovary. Regarding pre-incubation with the Trolox antioxidant, it can improves follicular survival after autotransplantation, decrease apoptosis rates in stromal cells, although increase areas of fibrosis after graft. Our results suggest that fresh ovarian tissue can be grafted and incubated without major impact on early follicular growth and morphology after subcutaneous autotransplantation for a short-term. We believe that our results provide an important contribution to understanding the process of folliculogenesis in neotropical monkeys. This knowledge is an important tool to evaluate follicular viability and functionality after cryopreservation of ovarian tissue transplantation and in vitro culture of early follicles, especially for animals at risk of extinction and women that are undergoing to chemotherapy and radiation with risk of loss fertility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção molecular do vírus da imunodeficiência bovina (BIV) em búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) no estado Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-12) FERREIRA, Tatiane Teles Albernaz; LEITE, Rômulo Cerqueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2859617428983062; SALVARANI, Felipe Masiero; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3339195791140438; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
Bovine viral immunodeficiency is a chronic and progressive disease caused by a lentivirus that affects cattle and buffalo. Although infection is reported in cattle in several countries, including Brazil, in buffalo there are only two reports of infection, one in Pakistan and one in Cambodia. The aim of this research was to verify the occurrence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) in buffaloes from the state of Pará, northern Brazil. To verify the occurrence of BIV in herds, the detection of proviral DNA in blood samples from 607 buffaloes obtained from 10 properties in the State of Pará, by semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (snPCR) were made using primers specific for the pol region in the genome of the virus. The 607 samples tested by snPCR for the BIV, 27 (4.4%) were positive. The amplified sequences were confirmed by cloning and nucleotide sequencing. The similarity of nucleotide sequence of the isolates with the reference strain (R-29) was 99%. Epidemiologically, this study provides important initial data, reporting the first detection of BIV in buffaloes in the Brazil and warning of the possibility of the virus function as a risk factor for the health of populations of buffaloes and a potential causative agent of chronic disease.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do cortisol na produção in vitro de embriões bovinos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-12-19) ALMEIDA, Nathalia Nogueira da Costa de; MIRANDA, Moysés dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3354029928888919; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of cortisol in oocyte maturation and bovine embryo culture. In Chapter 1 we analyzed the distribution and location of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by immunocytochemistry in oocytes, cumulus cells, embryonic cells 2-4, 8-16 cell, morula and blastocyst, and was also verified the presence of mRNA (qualitative RT-PCR) for GR in the stages. The results showed that the GR is present in all cells analyzed. In order to verify the functionality GR in preimplantation embryo development, translation of mRNA for GR zygotes was silenced in the RNAi technique, and subsequent embryo development was analyzed. The embryonic development decreased (P <0.05) after silencing of GR mRNA. The presence of GR oocyte and the cumulus cells indicates that these cells are sensitive to the use of CG. Given this, in Chapter 2, the effects of different cortisol concentrations during in vitro maturation (IVM) of bovine oocytes and embryonic development, apoptosis rate and gene expression (NRF1, COX, TFAM, GLUT1, FASN and HSP70) were analiyzed. The concentrations of cortisol used were 0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg / mL . There was no statistical difference in the number of cells and cleavage rate, but the concentration of 0.1 mg/ml of cortisol increased the blastocyst rate when compared to the control group (without cortisol in IVM) (41 ± 10 versus 21 ± 1.2; p <0.05, respectively). The rate of apoptosis and gene expression in oocytes, cumulus cells and blastocysts was only assessed at a concentration of 0.1 mg / ml of cortisol. There was no statistical difference in the apoptotic index, and not with respect to gene expression in oocytes and cumulus cells for COX genes, NRF1, HSP70 and FASN (p> 0, 05). Regarding embryonic gene expression, only the measurements relative mRNA FASN, GLUT1 and HSP70 were increased in blastocysts treated with 0.1 g/ml during IVM when compared to embryos of the Control group (p <0.05), the other genes showed no change (p> 0.05). In Chapter 3, we investigated the use of cortisol during in vitro culture (IVC) of bovine embryos. As in Chapter 1 was identified GR in all embryonic stages and when the GR expression was silenced and embryonic development was impaired. Thus, in the experiment three different concentrations (0.01, 0.1 and 1 mg / mL) of cortisol in IVC and embryonic development was evaluated same parameters of Chapter 2. There was no statistical difference in the embryos treated with cortisol in different concentrations when compared to the control for the parameters analyzed (p> 0.05). The concentration of 0.1 mg/ml was chosen to evaluate other parameters of embryo quality. Thus, IVC embryos with or without 0.1 mg/mL of cortisol, were analyzed for apoptosis rate and gene expression, not being statistically significant difference in any of the analyzes (p> 0.05). After these studies conclude that oocytes and embryos are responsive to GC, and the addition of cortisol in IVM improves oocyte competence, but the supplementation of IVC with cortisol may not have influence on embryo development.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Distribuição espacial e temporal da comunidade de rotifera na usina hidrelétrica de Tucuruí-PA, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015) BEZERRA, Márcia Francineli da Cunha; NAKAYAMA, Luiza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3771896759209007; OHASHI, Otávio Mitio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5547874183666459
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Periodontite em ovinos no estado do Pará: etiologia, aspectos epidemiologicos e clinico-patologicos
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-01-29) SILVA, Natália da Silva e; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
This paper describes the epidemiological, clinical, pathological and bacteriological the first periodontitis record in sheep in Brazil occurred in a rural property in the municipality of Benevides, Para. The outbreak occurred about a month after grazing in the area of Panicum maximum cv. Massai, which suffered agricultural practices, there was swelling in the jaw in a few animals, mostly those over the age of 36 months. The extraoral examination was performed in 545 sheep and there was swelling of the jaw in 3.7% of them. Clinical signs were low body score, rough hair coat and dull, some relaxation and loss of premolars and upper and lower molar teeth, abscess and fistula formation in the affected site, demonstration of pain on palpation and difficulty chewing. Between the 39 heads of young animals analyzed in the post-mortem examination, 51.3% had lesions somewhere and between the 38 analyzed after maceration, 73.7% also had injuries. 45% of the lesions from the 39 heads were in the maxilla, 15% in the mandible and 40% in both structures (maxilla and mandible) and from those heads with injuries observed after maceration 50% of the lesions were in the maxilla and 50% in the maxilla and mandible. Between the 17 heads of adult animals analyzed in the post-mortem examination and after maceration all had lesions somewhere. In the post-mortem examination, 11.8% had lesions in the mandible and 88.2% in both structures; after maceration, 5.9% were in the maxilla, 11.8% in the mandible and 82.3% in both structures. The histopathological findings revealed a chronic pyogranulomatous inflammatory process. To characterize the subgingival microbiota of the 14 sheep with periodontitis it was performed the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), especially for microorganisms belonging to the red complex Socransky (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola) and other possible Gram-negative and Gram-positive periodontopathogens. There were identified in 50% of the samples Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia in 92.8% and Treponema denticola in 78.5%. The three periodontal pathogens belonging to the red complex occurred simultaneously in 42.8% of the samples. We also identified in at least one of the examined animals Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Enterococcus faecium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, and Prevotella loeschii. In the 14 samples Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Dialister pneumosintes, Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gulae were not detected. The results showed that the sheep periodontitis occurred in the municipality of Benevides - PA has an infectious etiology and rushed a significant number of animals, many with bulging of the jaw; had high incidence in young and involved all of the adult animals post-mortem and after maceration examined.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Enfermidades podais em bovinos de corte criados em regime extensivo no sudeste do Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-05-22) SILVEIRA, José Alcides Sarmento da; BARBOSA NETO, José Diomedes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1516707357889557
The epidemiological study was conducted in 12 properties with the history of foot diseases occurrence and the clinical examination of the affected animals for the diagnosis of foot diseases was performed only in nine of these properties. It was found on the management centers multiple risk factors for digits injuries, as syringes floors paved with rocks, working chutes with iron fittings exposure, loading ramps covered by sharp stones and the lack of maintenance and structural errors. In every farm there was an inappropriate handling of animals. In 91.7% of farms (11/12) there were pickets with trunks of trees and 66.7% (8/12) had areas of sloping relief with stones. Moreover, 16.7% (2/12) of the farms had marsh areas and wetlands. Sodomy was reported in all properties. None of the farms adopted preventive measures related to foot problems. 498 cattle between males and females were examined. The hind limbs were the most affected both in females and in males. 629 lesions were diagnosed in females. The septic pododermatitis was the most common, followed by claw deformities, pododermatitis in the paradigits and digital dermatitis. Between the examined males 285 injuries were diagnosed and the most common were septic pododermatitis, claw deformities and heel erosion. It was concluded that management errors associated with inadequate facilities were factors that contributed to the occurrence of foot diseases in beef cattle in the studied farms. The environmental characteristics favored the development of lesions; combined injuries were more prevalent than the simple ones, being diagnosed in animals in all studied farms; and the early diagnosis was not carried out in the field, which helped to increase the severity and the diversification of the diagnosed foot problems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Incubação de ovos e criação de filhotes de guará (Eudocimus ruber) no parque Mangal das Garças: uma ferramenta para a conservação da espécie
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-12) MIRANDA, Stefânia Araújo; DOMINGUES, Sheyla Farhayldes Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2794753357251149
The population of scarlet ibis is considered to be extinct in several regions. Captive breeding techniques are complementary tools for species conservation. The objectives were to develop a feeding protocol and an ambient environment for the rearing of scarlet ibis chicks, to intensify reproduction in captivity and increase the number of ibises in the colony, describe the developmental stages of chicks and develop growth estimation equations. The chicks were fed with three diets: Diet C (commercial feed), S (commercial ration and shrimp) and F (commercial ration and fish). The body condition and weight were taken daily, and the body measurements every seven days. The mortality rate under Diet C was 100%, and 0% under Diets S and F. The mean body weight and bones lengths were higher with Diet F and the mean length of the unpigmented portion of the beak did not differ among the diets (P<0.05). Diet F had higher nutritional contents. Rearing was artificial during year I and natural during year II at one of the areas of the park. The limbs development and body condition were evaluated daily, and the weight every seven days during artificial rearing. The mortality rate was lower and the number of births and survival rate were higher during artificial rearing. All of the young exhibited weight gain (P<0.05), good body condition and no dystrophies were observed. The development stages of chicks and the weight were monitored daily, and the measurements of the beak and bones were taken every seven days. The eyes opened on day 4.73±0.12, the nestlings moved within the nest on day 6.31±0.18 and left the nest on day 15.3±0.68. The means weight and measurements of the bones increased (P<0.05). The means of beak despigmentation decreased (P<0.05). The beak pigmentation started on day 7º and on day 35º was completely pigmented. The correlation between all parameters and the determination coefficients of regression equations were high. Diet F was found to be best for the artificial rearing. The artificial rearing protocol provided an adequate environment and feeding, intensified the reproduction and increased the number of scarlet ibises. Growth estimation equations were developed to assess the chicks growth and was possible to describe the developmental stages. Beak pigmentation was found to be a useful parameter for estimating the age.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Polimorfismos na região promotora, Éxon I e Éxon II do gene do receptor da melatonina associados às características reprodutivas em búfalas na Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-06-18) BARBOSA, Elizabeth Machado; RIBEIRO, Haroldo Francisco Lobato; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1614582293203770
The buffaloes production in the Pará state have is a high representative activity to the regional economy and production of meat, milk and dairy products. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new technologies that increase the enjoyment of the production and reproduction of buffaloes in the Amazon region. Thus, the objectives of this research thesis was to characterize the promoter region of the melatonin receptor gene 1 (MTRN1A) and identify polymorphisms in exons I and II of that gene and link them to reproductive traits that have economic importance in buffaloes in the region Amazon. Were collected 400 buffaloes samples and 60 animals were used to characterize the promoter region, 140 to detect the polymorphism (SNPs) in exon II and 77 to detect the polymorphism in exon I. DNA extraction was peformed by phenol method. Then were selected different primers to make Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The promoter region was sequenced MTRN1A a total of 1621 base pairs by the Sanger method, polymorphism in exon II was detected by PCR-RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) with HpaI enzyme and the polymorphism exon I was found by sequencing DNA by Sanger method. Allele and genotype frequencies of all SNPs were evaluated, the inbreeding coefficient (Fis) and the likelihood of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. SNPs in the promoter region and exon I have been associated with reproductive traits of buffaloes by ANOVA or Student's t test and / or chisquare test. The significance level was 0,05. 26 SNPs were detected in the promoter region at positions -1511 (C → T), -1465 (G → T), -1422 (A → G), -1411 (G → A), -1395 (G → T), - 1298 (A → G) -1295 (G → A) -1242 (C → A) -1150 (C → T), -1 147 (G → C) -1136 (A → G) -911 ( G → A), -909 (A → G) -724 (C → G) -656 (A → C) -649 (C → T), -644 (G → A), -511 (A → C) -481 (G → A), -425 (C → T) -395 (G → A), -383 (G → T), -254 (C → T) -206 (T → C) , -133 (T → G) and -94 (C → T) and a deletion unit (ACAA) at position -1483. Of the total detected SNPs, 75% of the wild alleles tiveral frequencies greater than 0,5. For the characteristic interval between calving (IEP), only five SNPs (-1298, -1136, -911, -724 and - 656) were significantly associated (P <0.05) and three SNPs (-1395, -724 and -94) were significantly associated (P <0.05) with the characteristic age at first calving (IPP) and none for the characteristic concentration of deliveries (P> 0.05). A total of 11 SNPs was strongly associated with binding factors in gene regulation. The SNP in exon II by PCR-RFLP (HpaI) at position 306 (T → C), the most frequent allele T in Upland animals (0,529) and C in lowland animals, the two populations showed coefficients Fis inbreeding (0,040 and 0,091, respectively) and strong deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05). The mutation occurs at codon 106 and is the sinonímio type without changing the messenger RNA handles structure. The SNP in exon I was detected at position 62 (T → C) and of the non sinonímio, exchanging of Leucine to Proline. The mutant allele was the most frequent C (0,623) inbreeding coefficient Fis = 0.397 and Hardy-Weinberg deviations (P <0.05). None of the genotypes were associated with calving interval and age at first birth (P> 0.05). Therefore, SNPs are strong candidates for selection, but it would be interesting to evaluate them in other herds in the Amazon region and / or in other regions of Brazil and / or other countries to effect them as excellent molecular markers for reproductive traits of buffalo.