Dissertações em Oceanografia (Mestrado) - PPGOC/IG
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Análise multitemporal da linha de costa e indicadores de erosão na praia da Ponta D’Areia, ilha do Maranhão: diagnóstico dos impactos de obras costeiras(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-29) SANTOS, Alessandro Ferreira dos; LIMA, Leonardo Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5984899472616752; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879The coastal zone is defined as the geographical transition space between the ocean and the continent. In the state of Maranhão, it comprises five sectors, including the Maranhão Golfão. Ponta D’Areia beach is located northwest of the Maranhão Island, making up this sector where tides can reach up to 7.2 meters in height. The beach is approximately 2.5 km long, bounded by the Anil River and São Marcos Beach. In 2014, the construction of a coastal groin was completed at Ponta D’Areia beach, aimed at containing erosion and preventing sedimentation towards the Anil River. In this context, the research addressed the following questions: (a) How did the shoreline change over 27 years? (b) What are the erosional, depositional, and stable sectors from a morphodynamic perspective, considering the period before and after the construction of the coastal groin at the beach? It was believed that the rigid engineering structure was intended to stop the sedimentation at the mouth of the Anil river, which did not occur. As a result, it was necessary to extend the groin to an "L" shape to attempt to curb sedimentation, but this led to continued erosional activity at the northeastern end of the beach. Therefore, the objective of this research was to conduct a multitemporal analysis of the Ponta D’Areia shoreline from 1996 to 2022 and assess its current vulnerability to erosion. The methodology included: (1) on-site observational analysis to fill out pre-defined tables related to coastal erosion geoindicators and collection of surface beach sediments in November 2022 and April 2023, during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively; (2) beach topography survey and orthophoto acquisition through drone flights in April 2023; (3) multitemporal shoreline analysis from 1996 to 2022 using Landsat satellite images, ArcGIS software, and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension, as well as shoreline projections for 10 and 20 years into the future; (4) application of the Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Index (CEVI) in three coastal sectors, through the evaluation of natural and anthropogenic parameters; and (5) assessment of the impacts of coastal engineering works on Ponta D’Areia beach. Results showed variations in the shoreline from -64.63 meters (-3.46 m/year: erosion) to 32.15 meters (2.39 m/year: acretion) from 1996 to 2022, with a projected advance of 157.76 meters (4.94 m/year) and retreat of -123.26 meters (-3.68 m/year) by 2032, and a projected advance of 101.93 meters (1.48 m/year) and retreat of -141.35 meters (-1.63 m/year) by 2042. The morphodynamic state of the beach was identified as dissipative through topographic mapping with a drone, and moderate vulnerability to coastal erosion in Sector I, the marina sector, which had the lowest CEVI of 4. Sector II, the groin sector, had CEVI of 6.37 (moderate vulnerability), while Sector III, the Lighthouse sector, had a CEVI of 6.8, indicating high vulnerability to coastal erosion. It was possible to observe how meteo-oceanographic processes (waves, littoral drift, tidal currents, winds, and estuarine discharge) are influencing shoreline variation, as well as human interventions (coastal occupation and construction of rigid structures). Coastal accretion intensified at the beach after the anthropogenic intervention with the groin construction. It is concluded that the multitemporal analysis of the shoreline in the study area between 1996 and 2022 revealed significant variations influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors. Even with human interventions to alter the resulting sedimentation caused by meteo-oceanographic agents, these natural processes continue to intensely shape the region's coastal dynamics and are mainly responsible for variations in the shoreline.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Aplicabilidade de um sistema de baixo custo para o monitoramento de dados meteoceanográficos na zona costeira Amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-23) SOTÃO, Daniel da Silva; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514This study aimed to develop, implement, and validate a low-cost Continuous Monitoring Prototype (CMP) to collect meteoceanographic data in the Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ), a region vulnerable to climate change and lacking environmental data. The system, built with an ESP32 microcontroller, integrates sensors for air temperature and relative humidity (HDC1080 and AM2302), atmospheric pressure (BMP280 and MS5611), water temperature (DS18B20), tide level (HC-SR04), precipitation, and wind speed and direction. Sensor validation was performed by comparing the collected data with reference equipment: a CICLUS PRO weather station (CWS) and a Sonlist Levelogger 5 LTC recorder (CTDlog). The CMP conducted four joint test campaigns with the CWS and CTDlog, totaling 56,221 records. Linear regression was applied to develop calibration equations for each sensor. Calibration quality was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient, and residual analysis. The HDC1080 and AM2302 sensors showed excellent performance for temperature measurement, with R² > 0.9, RMSE < 0.2 °C, mean absolute residual (MAE) < 0.12 °C, and very strong Pearson correlation (r ≥ 0.9). However, they exhibited instability in relative humidity measurements (R² ≈ 0.64; RMSE ≈ 3.46%; MAE ≈ 2.52%). The performance of the BMP280 and MS5611 pressure sensors was initially affected by internal heating, but after thermal compensation, they achieved R² values between 0.88 and 0.99, RMSE from 0.17 to 0.45 hPa, and MAE from 0.11 to 0.34 hPa, with the BMP280 showing superior performance. The DS18B20 water temperature sensor showed very strong correlation, with R² ≈ 0.94, RMSE ≈ 0.036 °C, and MAE ≈ 0.021 °C, proving highly promising. The HCSR04 sensor stood out as the most accurate, with R² ≈ 0.99, RMSE ≈ 2.6 cm, and MAE ≈ 1.9 cm. Precipitation and wind sensors presented inconsistencies and require further testing. The total production cost of the CMP was BRL 952.75, representing savings of 86.19% compared to the CWS (BRL 6,897.00) and 96.14% compared to the CTDlog (BRL 24,677.29). When compared to equivalent equipment, the CMP achieved at least 66.33% cost reduction compared to basic stations and 87.3% compared to lower-cost temperature and water level recorders. The CMP proved to be a viable, economical, and replicable solution for continuous environmental monitoring in the ACZ, with the potential to fill existing gaps in observation networks, although improvements are still needed to enhance its long-term performance.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Caracterização dos padrões morfodinâmicos em cristas de praias na costa amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) ROSÁRIO, Edineuza dos Santos; SANTOS, Valdenira Ferreira dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1395198888623953; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-5038-4191; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879Knowledge of beach environments requires an integrated morphodynamic approach using different spatio-temporal scales, in order to understand the role of coastal and marine processes in modifying beach morphology. There are some important peculiarities about these processes on the beaches of the Amazon region, such as the large hydro-sedimentary discharge from the estuaries, high rainfall rates and the high amplitude and intensity of the tidal currents, which shape the often complex beach systems, such as beach ridges. The objective of this research was to analyze the morphological dynamics of a beach ridge segment located north of the mouth of the Amazon River, in Goiabal (city of Calçoene), in the coastal ocean sector of the state of Amapá.The hypothesis is that the morphological changes in the segment of beach crest under study are influenced by the hydrosedimentary dynamics of the Amazon River. The research methodology was based on three stages: (1) determining the morphology of beach ridges and their changes (beach profile variation, sedimentary deposits and beach classification); (2) analysis of morphosedimentary processes (physical coastal agents such as tides, waves and currents, and sediment supply such as sediment plumes; (3) data integration (correlation between the processes analyzed in stage one and two). The results indicate significant average variations in the morphosedimentation of the Goiabal beach ridge system, with seasonal migration (~24 to ~42 meters) towards the mainland. Erosion and deposition on the ridges and subsequent channels averaged less than 0.30 m along the beach profiles during the seasonal cycle. The oceanographic parameters indicate an average wave height of 0.25 m and an average tidal range of 5 m. Coastal currents are directed west-southwest and there is a predominance of ebb tide currents during the rainy season. The sediment plume of the Amazon River was closer to the study area during the rainy season (~15 to 25 km), with a predominance of ebb tide currents. Thus, it can be concluded that the segment of beach crest studied has a greater influence from the Amazon River sediment plume during the rainy season, intensifying the deposition of fine sediments. The displacement of beach ridges and the supply of sediment have a strong relationship with tidal dynamics in the region.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmica espaço-temporal e pressões antrópicas em manguezais de RESEXs na costa atlântica paraense.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-26) PEIXOTO, Herbert Junior Campos; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217The Atlantic Coast of Pará (ACP) is shelter of the most well-preserved mangrove belt in the world, where some of these areas are included in extractive reserves (RESEX), which provide the sustainable use of its natural resources by the local population. This commitment to sustainability has been gaining strength since the creation of the 2030 Agenda, which gave rise to the Ocean Decade, which seeks the sustainable and scientific development of marine and coastal resources. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of mangroves inserted in the RESEX of the PCZ. The adopted methodology consists of: (1) acquisition and processing of images from Landsat satellites (2) quantification and comparison of the mangrove areas of four RESEX (Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Mestre Lucindo, Mocapajuba and São João da Ponta). These analyzes were carried out using polygons, created from Landsat satellite images, which delimited the mangrove areas for a period of thirty-four years (1986 to 2020). Using the mapbiomas collection plugin, available in the QGIS software, it was possible to observe urban sprawl in the studied areas and their interaction with mangrove environments. To corroborate the results obtained, environmental data of suspended particulate matter (MPS) were used. The vegetation cover had the highest reduction value of 8,054 km² and maximum increase value of 14,825 km². It was possible to observe patterns of variation in the RESEXs, which showed similar trends, both in terms of loss and gain in area. Little change occurred in the mangrove areas in the innermost portions of the RESEXs. The suspended particulate material (SPM) transported in the region has SW NE direction. It was also possible to observe the growth of urban infrastructure in all municipalities where the RESEXs are located, with Marapanim and Curuçá showing the highest growth (4,642 km² and 4,797 km², respectively). However, most changes in mangrove cover occurred along the coastline, far from urbanized areas. The analyzed mangroves remained in balance; however, disorderly urbanization can bring losses if there are no effective measures.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Especiação do fósforo em rios urbanos: um estudo de caso dos rios Tucunduba e Tamandaré, Belém/Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-24) COIMBRA, Marcus Vinicius Rodrigues; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043Phosphorus (P) is a bioliminating macronutrient that plays an essential role in regulating ecosystem functions and primary productivity in marine and coastal environments. However, when in excessive concentrations, P assumes the role of a pollutant, negatively influencing the ecosystem and causing eutrophication. In Brazil, the problem is maximized in urban centers cut by canals, where there is an intensification of the process of changing the natural conditions of the environment. The speciation of P associated with hydrodynamic processes and the type of urbanization of the environment allows identifying the eutrophication status of these environments. Therefore, the present study seeks to promote understanding of the dynamics of P speciation in two urban rivers, the Tucunduba and Tamandaré rivers, located in the metropolitan region of Belém (Northern Brazil), with the objective of evaluating whether there is variation in P speciation. phosphorus in urban rivers at different time scales. To this end, samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were carried out using two different methodologies: the horizontal flow trap (portable traps) and the vertical flow trap (fixed traps). For the extraction of P, the sequential extraction method SEDEX was adopted, which allowed the extraction of five forms: P-Ex, P-Fe, P-Au, PDe and P-Org, in addition to P-Bio. In the Tucunduba river, Total-P concentrations ranged from 20.52 to 100.78 μmol.g-1, with predominance of the P-Fe fraction. In the Tamandaré River, concentrations ranged from 42.36 to 173.88 μmol.g-1 with P-Au predominance. Thus, it was possible to verify that the urban rivers Tucunduba and Tamandaré have high concentrations of P and its species. With these data, it is clear the need to deepen this type of study in these rivers and other urban rivers present in Belém, as well as the need for policies aimed at the recovery and preservation of these, in order to mitigate the problem involving phosphorus and restore the capacity ecosystems of these environments.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Especiação do fósforo em rios urbanos: um estudo de caso dos rios Tucunduba e Tamandaré, Belém/Pará.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-24) COIMBRA, Marcus Vinicius Rodrigues; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043Phosphorus (P) is a bioliminating macronutrient that plays an essential role in regulating ecosystem functions and primary productivity in marine and coastal environments. However, when in excessive concentrations, P assumes the role of a pollutant, negatively influencing the ecosystem and causing eutrophication. In Brazil, the problem is maximized in urban centers cut by canals, where there is an intensification of the process of changing the natural conditions of the environment. The speciation of P associated with hydrodynamic processes and the type of urbanization of the environment allows identifying the eutrophication status of these environments. Therefore, the present study seeks to promote understanding of the dynamics of P speciation in two urban rivers, the Tucunduba and Tamandaré rivers, located in the metropolitan region of Belém (Northern Brazil), with the objective of evaluating whether there is variation in P speciation. phosphorus in urban rivers at different time scales. To this end, samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were carried out using two different methodologies: the horizontal flow trap (portable traps) and the vertical flow trap (fixed traps). For the extraction of P, the sequential extraction method SEDEX was adopted, which allowed the extraction of five forms: P-Ex, P-Fe, P-Au, PDe and P-Org, in addition to P-Bio. In the Tucunduba river, Total-P concentrations ranged from 20.52 to 100.78 μmol.g-1, with predominance of the P-Fe fraction. In the Tamandaré River, concentrations ranged from 42.36 to 173.88 μmol.g-1 with P-Au predominance. Thus, it was possible to verify that the urban rivers Tucunduba and Tamandaré have high concentrations of P and its species. With these data, it is clear the need to deepen this type of study in these rivers and other urban rivers present in Belém, as well as the need for policies aimed at the recovery and preservation of these, in order to mitigate the problem involving phosphorus and restore the capacity ecosystems of these environments.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Morfodinâmica da praia do Caripi (Barcarena/Pará - Amazônia Oriental) através do experimento da aerofotogrametria com drone.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-22) VITELLI, Aline de Castro; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Mudanças morfológicas em praias da costa Leste da ilha do Marajó e os níveis de vulnerabilidade à erosão(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-06-29) SOUSA, Maria Bárbara Pereira de; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879The coastal zone is a transition area between the sea and the continent, being one of the most vulnerable geographic spaces on the planet. In view of this, the assessment of morphological changes and coastal vulnerability to erosion is essential, as it contributes to the planning of protective and mitigating actions against impacts that occur on the environment, whether natural or anthropic. Thus, the work aims to verify the morphological changes in beaches on the east coast of Ilha de Marajó/PA and their levels of vulnerability to erosion at different time scales. For this purpose, two field campaigns (dry and rainy seasons) were carried out at Barra Velha beach (municipality of Soure) and Praia Grande (municipality of Salvaterra). The methodology consisted of a semi-quantitative analysis, determined by parameters of human and natural occupation evaluated on the beaches. Remote sensing techniques (medium period data) and in situ data collection (short period data) were used. According to the results obtained, Barra Velha beach was classified as dissipative in the two periods studied and most profiles topographic showed an erosive trend from the dry to the rainy period. Praia Grande showed behavior of intermediate to reflective beaches in both the dry and rainy seasons. The sedimentary accretion phase of this beach occurred during the rainy season, reflecting an atypical pattern for beach morphodynamics. Barra Velha beach exhibited moderate erosion vulnerability in the northwest sector and high vulnerability in the southeast sector, mainly due to the high erosion rate over the 16 years studied. Praia Grande, on the other hand, presented a moderate degree of vulnerability to erosion, being considered a more stable beach, combined with coastal protection works. On both beaches, the coastal risk was low due to the low level of occupation close to the coastline. It is believed that the results of this research can contribute to future studies on the theme of vulnerability to erosion in areas that are little or very anthropized and, for possible actions of coastal management in the Amazon region, considering their environmental particularities.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Percepções sobre mudanças climáticas: estudo de caso na Reserva Extrativista Marinha Mocapajuba, zona costeira Amazônica(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-28) SILVA, Michelly da Silva; SOUSA, Rosigleyse Corrêa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1452935151806378; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-3769-0792; RENAN, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514Climate change refers to alterations in Earth's climate that may occur over years, decades, or millennia, resulting from both natural climate variability and human activities. These changes have negative impacts on people's lives, especially in vulnerable communities, and may lead to an increase in the number of "climate refugees" in the future. The Resex-Mar Mocapajuba, located in São Caetano de Odivelas, Pará, is an area of great importance for biodiversity, encompassing diverse ecosystems such as mangroves, restingas (sandy coastal plains), dunes, rivers, estuaries, and islands. This region is home to traditional extractive communities whose subsistence depends directly on natural resources. The study analyzed the perceptions of the traditional population benefiting from Resex-Mar Mocapajuba regarding climate change. A questionnaire was applied in 2021, with the participation of 291 individuals with direct or indirect connections to fishing. Using content analysis, the questionnaire responses were categorized into four types of extractive activities: agriculture, crab harvesting, shellfish extraction, and fishing. The most practiced extractive activity is crab harvesting (40.21%), cited as the primary income source by 44.63% of respondents, with women being the majority. About 73.88% of extractive workers believe that climate change is occurring in the region, with this perception being particularly high among fishermen (78.35%) and crab harvesters (76.07%). The respondents demonstrated a complex understanding of climate change, with a clear focus on perceived impacts such as changes in air temperature, rainfall, and seasonality. Additionally, they recognized the influence of human actions in intensifying climate change.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Variação interanual e sazonal das massas d’água sobre a Plataforma Continental Norte do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-20) MEDEIROS, Paula Renata Lobato de; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514This study aimed to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of water masses over the Northern Continental Shelf of Brazil (PCNB), relating it to local dynamics and freshwater inputs. The PCNB extends from Cape Orange to the Bay of São Marcos and is characterized as highly energetic, due to the combined action of the north current of Brazil (CNB), trade winds, waves, tides and the water discharge from the Amazon rivers and Pará. Temperature, salinity and density data for the interannual analysis were obtained from the Brazilian Navy's national database (BNDO), during six oceanographic cruises: Amasseds I, II and III, North Ocean I, MCT VII and CBO in different years: 1989, 1990, 2001, 2016 and for the seasonal analysis, five months of the Costa Norte Project were used: March, July, November, December 2018 and January 2019. The TS parameters were intended to characterize and identify the water masses that occurred on the platform over the years, as well as observe the existing interannual and seasonal variability. The PCNB showed large variations in TS over the years and periods analyzed, and it is possible to observe the occurrence of four types of water bodies interannually: Pluma Estuarina (PE), Coastal Water (AC), Central Water of the South Atlantic (ACAS) and Tropical Water (AT) and seasonally, five water bodies were identified as occurring: AF (front water), AC, AT, ACAS and Pluma etuarina (PE). From the analysis of the TS diagrams it was possible to identify a thermohaline index for the estuarine plume and its metrics over time, where it occurred in March - 2018 and January - 2019, and their respective thermohaline indices were 27.5 °C to 28 °C and 0 g/kg to 33 g/kg.