Dissertações em Oceanografia (Mestrado) - PPGOC/IG

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/16440

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de intrusão salina e qualidade de água em aquífero costeiro na Vila de Algodoal (Ilha de Maiandeua, Pará)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-22) PEREIRA, Lucas Yan de Oliveira; KAWAKAMI, Silvia Keiko; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5306256489815710; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0548-7976; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879
The increasing urbanization of coastal areas increases the demand for water resources and consequently leads to intensive exploitation of groundwater and anthropogenic impacts that result in groundwater quality degradation. The objective of this research was to assess potential saline intrusion and groundwater contamination in a marine protected area of sustainable use, Algodoal Village (Maiandeua, PA). For the first stage of the research, the quality of groundwater used for human consumption was evaluated based on current regulations (CONAMA Resolution 396/2008; Ministry of Health Ordinance 888/2021). Groundwater characterization was carried out using well water collected during rainy and less rainy periods (between 2021 and 2023), with in-situ physicochemical, microbiological, and major ion parameter analyses by chromatography. Topographic measurements and water table level measurements were also conducted. For the second stage, the results of a socio-environmental questionnaire applied to village residents were analyzed to ascertain their perception of water quality-related issues. Samples from the coastal aquifer presented average electrical conductivity (EC) values of 453 ± 1 µS/cm and total dissolved solids (TDS) of 225.8 ± 1 mg/L. The Cl⁻ ion showed an average concentration of 60 ± mg/L, with several wells exceeding the acceptable potability limit. Significant differences were observed for data collected in the first rainy period (March 2022), where EC averaged 290 µS/cm and TDS was 145 mg/L. The relationship between redox potential, ranging from 0.14 to 0.54 mV, and pH, ranging from 3.2 to 6.7, indicated a tendency toward a reducing acidic environment, typical of a subterranean transitional environment. All analyzed wells were contaminated with total and thermotolerant coliforms. Out of the 34 administered questionnaires, 52% indicated perception of some water quality problem, such as brackish water, for example. Poor water quality is locally associated with the process of saline intrusion and bacterial contamination due to proximity to septic tanks. The shallow depth of the wells (average of 12 m) exacerbates the poor groundwater quality in the village. It is concluded that the aquifer water is not recommended for human consumption, and saline intrusion occurs throughout the year, being more intense in the dry period.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise ecológica da ostracofauna (crustacea) e meiofauna bentônica associada como bioindicadores ambientais na ilha de Cotijuba, Belém (PA), Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) BRITO, Maurício de Souza; PEREIRA, Ana Paula Linhares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8369046011837903
The uncontrolled occupation of environmental protection areas (APA) in Belém-PA and candidates for APA, such as Cotijuba Island, has intensified the environmental impacts in the region. To mitigate these effects, Conservation Paleobiology integrates historical data on the distribution of fauna and flora, connecting past, present, and future. In turn, ostracods, small crustaceans sensitive to environmental variations, which are part of the benthic meiofauna, provide information about changes in ecosystems through the analysis of their communities and shells, formed from the calcium carbonate in the water. In this way, the survey of the ostracofauna and associated meiofauna on the island of Cotijuba allowed the use of these groups as bioindicators. The research was conducted during the rainy, transitional, and less rainy seasons, at two beaches: Flexeira, less impacted, and Farol, more influenced by human activities. During the campaigns, surface samples were collected in the inframarine, intertidal and supramarine zones, as well as sediment cores, physico-chemical water measurements, and beach profiles. The results showed Farol beach as reflective and Flexeira beach as dissipative, in addition to physical-chemical parameters with low influence on the organisms. The benthic meiofauna recorded 10 distinct classes: Oligochaeta, Polychaeta, Insecta (Diptera and Trichoptera), Malacostraca (Amphipoda), Arachnida, Ostracoda, Hydrozoa, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Rhabditophora. Approximately 84% of the specimens are from Flexeira beach, with this proportion being higher when only ostracods are analyzed (89%). Despite the lower abundance at Farol beach, a large number of cocoons of Trichoptera pupae were observed, known for their sensitivity to pollution and environmental changes, indicating a relatively healthy environment. However, a low abundance of ostracods was observed, which may be related to abiotic factors, such as the type of beach and coarse sediments. Moreover, the overall abundance of meiofauna in Cotijuba was also considered low, even without indications of significant anthropogenic intervention, which suggests a relationship between the low number of specimens and hydrodynamic conditions that intensify erosive and depositional processes. The record of a new species is highlighted: Cyprideis cotijubensis sp. nov., as a potential bioindicator of recent ostracofauna in river estuaries in the Amazon. The project also resulted in the digital book “Cartilha Digital Preserva Amazônia”, aimed at raising awareness about the conservation of the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise multitemporal (1991-2021) da linha de costa (trecho Calçoene - Cabo Norte), costa atlântica do estado do Amapá.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-21) SILVA, Rhuan Rodrigo Pereira e; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217
The coastline (LC) is highly dynamic due to its geographic position adjacent to the mouth of the Amazon River estuary. This region is characterized by meteorological forcings, such as a semihumid equatorial climate, high rainfall (> 2,600 mm. year-1), winds (3 to 9 m. s-1), and extreme events (El Nino - 1997/1998 and 2015/2016; La Nina - 1999/2000 and 2010/2011). It is also influenced by hydrological forcings, including water and solid discharge from the Amazon River (175,000 m³ s-1 and 1,200 Mt. year-1, respectively), and oceanographic forcings, such as hyper-tides (up to 12 m), tidal currents (2 m. s-1), waves (up to 3 m in height), and currents (up to 3 m. s-1). This study aims to analyze the multitemporal variation of the LC between the mouths of the Calçoene and Sucuriju rivers, and at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station, from 1991 to 2021. The methodology includes a literature review, acquisition of LANDSAT satellite images (1991, 2000, 2008, 2014, and 2021), LC vectorization, and the application of DSAS to quantify accretion (m) and erosion areas (m) of the LC, determine retreat and advance rates (m/year and m²/year) between the mouths of the Calçoene and Sucuriju rivers, and create change polygons at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station. The study area experienced predominant erosive dynamics, with an average LC retreat of 12 m. year-1 and 1.4 km² of erosion in the Calçoene-Sucuriju stretch, and 2 km² of erosion at the Maracá-Jipioca Ecological Station with an annual average retreat of approximately 18 m. Due to erosive dynamics, the study area requires special attention from public managers to prevent any type of anthropic interference that could intensify this process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise multitemporal da linha de costa e indicadores de erosão na praia da Ponta D’Areia, ilha do Maranhão: diagnóstico dos impactos de obras costeiras
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-29) SANTOS, Alessandro Ferreira dos; LIMA, Leonardo Gonçalves de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5984899472616752; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879
The coastal zone is defined as the geographical transition space between the ocean and the continent. In the state of Maranhão, it comprises five sectors, including the Maranhão Golfão. Ponta D’Areia beach is located northwest of the Maranhão Island, making up this sector where tides can reach up to 7.2 meters in height. The beach is approximately 2.5 km long, bounded by the Anil River and São Marcos Beach. In 2014, the construction of a coastal groin was completed at Ponta D’Areia beach, aimed at containing erosion and preventing sedimentation towards the Anil River. In this context, the research addressed the following questions: (a) How did the shoreline change over 27 years? (b) What are the erosional, depositional, and stable sectors from a morphodynamic perspective, considering the period before and after the construction of the coastal groin at the beach? It was believed that the rigid engineering structure was intended to stop the sedimentation at the mouth of the Anil river, which did not occur. As a result, it was necessary to extend the groin to an "L" shape to attempt to curb sedimentation, but this led to continued erosional activity at the northeastern end of the beach. Therefore, the objective of this research was to conduct a multitemporal analysis of the Ponta D’Areia shoreline from 1996 to 2022 and assess its current vulnerability to erosion. The methodology included: (1) on-site observational analysis to fill out pre-defined tables related to coastal erosion geoindicators and collection of surface beach sediments in November 2022 and April 2023, during the dry and rainy seasons, respectively; (2) beach topography survey and orthophoto acquisition through drone flights in April 2023; (3) multitemporal shoreline analysis from 1996 to 2022 using Landsat satellite images, ArcGIS software, and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension, as well as shoreline projections for 10 and 20 years into the future; (4) application of the Coastal Erosion Vulnerability Index (CEVI) in three coastal sectors, through the evaluation of natural and anthropogenic parameters; and (5) assessment of the impacts of coastal engineering works on Ponta D’Areia beach. Results showed variations in the shoreline from -64.63 meters (-3.46 m/year: erosion) to 32.15 meters (2.39 m/year: acretion) from 1996 to 2022, with a projected advance of 157.76 meters (4.94 m/year) and retreat of -123.26 meters (-3.68 m/year) by 2032, and a projected advance of 101.93 meters (1.48 m/year) and retreat of -141.35 meters (-1.63 m/year) by 2042. The morphodynamic state of the beach was identified as dissipative through topographic mapping with a drone, and moderate vulnerability to coastal erosion in Sector I, the marina sector, which had the lowest CEVI of 4. Sector II, the groin sector, had CEVI of 6.37 (moderate vulnerability), while Sector III, the Lighthouse sector, had a CEVI of 6.8, indicating high vulnerability to coastal erosion. It was possible to observe how meteo-oceanographic processes (waves, littoral drift, tidal currents, winds, and estuarine discharge) are influencing shoreline variation, as well as human interventions (coastal occupation and construction of rigid structures). Coastal accretion intensified at the beach after the anthropogenic intervention with the groin construction. It is concluded that the multitemporal analysis of the shoreline in the study area between 1996 and 2022 revealed significant variations influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors. Even with human interventions to alter the resulting sedimentation caused by meteo-oceanographic agents, these natural processes continue to intensely shape the region's coastal dynamics and are mainly responsible for variations in the shoreline.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicabilidade de um sistema de baixo custo para o monitoramento de dados meteoceanográficos na zona costeira Amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-23) SOTÃO, Daniel da Silva; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514
This study aimed to develop, implement, and validate a low-cost Continuous Monitoring Prototype (CMP) to collect meteoceanographic data in the Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ), a region vulnerable to climate change and lacking environmental data. The system, built with an ESP32 microcontroller, integrates sensors for air temperature and relative humidity (HDC1080 and AM2302), atmospheric pressure (BMP280 and MS5611), water temperature (DS18B20), tide level (HC-SR04), precipitation, and wind speed and direction. Sensor validation was performed by comparing the collected data with reference equipment: a CICLUS PRO weather station (CWS) and a Sonlist Levelogger 5 LTC recorder (CTDlog). The CMP conducted four joint test campaigns with the CWS and CTDlog, totaling 56,221 records. Linear regression was applied to develop calibration equations for each sensor. Calibration quality was assessed using the coefficient of determination (R²), root mean square error (RMSE), Pearson correlation coefficient, and residual analysis. The HDC1080 and AM2302 sensors showed excellent performance for temperature measurement, with R² > 0.9, RMSE < 0.2 °C, mean absolute residual (MAE) < 0.12 °C, and very strong Pearson correlation (r ≥ 0.9). However, they exhibited instability in relative humidity measurements (R² ≈ 0.64; RMSE ≈ 3.46%; MAE ≈ 2.52%). The performance of the BMP280 and MS5611 pressure sensors was initially affected by internal heating, but after thermal compensation, they achieved R² values between 0.88 and 0.99, RMSE from 0.17 to 0.45 hPa, and MAE from 0.11 to 0.34 hPa, with the BMP280 showing superior performance. The DS18B20 water temperature sensor showed very strong correlation, with R² ≈ 0.94, RMSE ≈ 0.036 °C, and MAE ≈ 0.021 °C, proving highly promising. The HCSR04 sensor stood out as the most accurate, with R² ≈ 0.99, RMSE ≈ 2.6 cm, and MAE ≈ 1.9 cm. Precipitation and wind sensors presented inconsistencies and require further testing. The total production cost of the CMP was BRL 952.75, representing savings of 86.19% compared to the CWS (BRL 6,897.00) and 96.14% compared to the CTDlog (BRL 24,677.29). When compared to equivalent equipment, the CMP achieved at least 66.33% cost reduction compared to basic stations and 87.3% compared to lower-cost temperature and water level recorders. The CMP proved to be a viable, economical, and replicable solution for continuous environmental monitoring in the ACZ, with the potential to fill existing gaps in observation networks, although improvements are still needed to enhance its long-term performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação das influências espaço-temporais e de maré nas concentrações de metais em água e sedimentos estuarinos no entorno de um polo industrial amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-04-25) FERREIRA, Johnata Azevedo; AMADO, Lílian Lund; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3382900147208081; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7693-8191
Formed by the Tocantins River and smaller tributaries such as the Guamá and Capim rivers, the Pará River Estuary is an important ecosystem, serving as a shelter and reproduction site for many fish species and contributing to nutrient recycling in the aquatic environment. However, this area suffers from constant discharges of domestic and industrial effluents. The town of Barcarena, located in Pará and approximately 40 km from the state capital (Belém), plays a significant role in the state’s economy by hosting an industrial hub focused on the aluminum, kaolin, and steel industries. This study aims to characterize the temporal and spatial variation in the presence of metals and metalloids in both surface water (total, dissolved, and particulate fractions) and sediment across various points with differing levels of urban and industrial influence in Barcarena, PA. Water and sediment samples were collected during different seasonal periods throughout 2023 and 2024. During the sampling period, several phenomena were observed, particularly those related to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The year 2023 was marked by the occurrence of La Niña, while 2024 was characterized by El Niño conditions. Sampling was performed in triplicate during both low and high tides at each site. Ten different metals (Al, Ba, Cd, Fe, Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, As, and Hg) were analyzed in both water and sediment samples using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry with Flame Atomization, Graphite Furnace, Cold Vapor Mercury, and Hydride Generation techniques. The results showed no statistically significant differences between the different tidal conditions (high and low tide). Overall, the metals that exhibited higher concentrations across the sites were Al, Fe, Mn, and Ba, in both environmental matrices. This outcome was expected, as these elements naturally occur at high concentrations in the area's geological formation (Barreiras Formation). Although the region presented high metal concentrations, this pattern is most likely related to the local geology. However, anthropogenic factors may also contribute to elevated metal levels, as observed at certain highly impacted sites characterized by poor basic sanitation and direct discharge of domestic effluents and contamination from open-air dumps. These residues ultimately become sources of metal and metalloid input into the environment, especially for elements such as Pb, Hg, and As, in both water and sediment. These elements are often associated with domestic sewage, improper solid waste disposal, and open dumpsites. Our results also highlight important conclusions regarding the influence of ENSO on metal distribution in water and sediment in the Amazon region. Higher metal concentrations in both water and sediment were observed during the El Niño period compared to the La Niña period. Therefore, we conclude that environmental assessments in the Amazon region especially those involving metal monitoring in environmental matrices, should carefully consider the natural background input of these elements into abiotic compartments in order to accurately identify potential contamination arising from anthropogenic activities such as urbanization and industrialization.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Bacias hidrográficas urbanas : aspectos socioambientais da bacia do Tucunduba, Amazônia, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-09-15) FIGUEIREDO, Camila de Magalhães e Souza; SOUSA-FELIX, Rosigleyse Corrêa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1452935151806378; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3769-0792
The Tucunduba Hydrographic Basin (THB) is the second largest basin in the city of Belém, in Pará. It drains four districts of Belém: Marco, Canudos, Terra Firme and Guamá. It is one of the most densely populated areas in the city, with a population of approximately 200,000 inhabitants. This work aims to analyze the socio-environmental conditions of the Tucunduba Basin, based on the macro-environmental elements needed to understand the dynamics of use throughout the basin. The methodological approaches of the research included the application of a questionnaire to the residents of the THB, a calculation based on the local Urban Quality of Life Index (UQLI), a calculation of the Simplified Environmental Impact Index, an estimate of the per capita sewage discharge of the neighborhoods belonging to the THB and an Environmental Impact Assessment of the physical, biotic and anthropic environments in the 3 sections of the macrodrainage project. Based on the results obtained, the IQVU in the Tucunduba Basin is approximately 0.6, i.e. regular. In addition, the results generated through the simplified environmental impact assessment show that the stretches analyzed have considerable environmental impacts (either high or very high). This demonstrates the precariousness of the services offered to the population and highlights the fragility of local urban management. There is therefore an urgent need for integrated management strategies, the evaluation and monitoring of space, and the provision of services that guarantee a good quality of life and the environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização dos padrões morfodinâmicos em cristas de praias na costa amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-09-29) ROSÁRIO, Edineuza dos Santos; SANTOS, Valdenira Ferreira dos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1395198888623953; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0002-5038-4191; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879
Knowledge of beach environments requires an integrated morphodynamic approach using different spatio-temporal scales, in order to understand the role of coastal and marine processes in modifying beach morphology. There are some important peculiarities about these processes on the beaches of the Amazon region, such as the large hydro-sedimentary discharge from the estuaries, high rainfall rates and the high amplitude and intensity of the tidal currents, which shape the often complex beach systems, such as beach ridges. The objective of this research was to analyze the morphological dynamics of a beach ridge segment located north of the mouth of the Amazon River, in Goiabal (city of Calçoene), in the coastal ocean sector of the state of Amapá.The hypothesis is that the morphological changes in the segment of beach crest under study are influenced by the hydrosedimentary dynamics of the Amazon River. The research methodology was based on three stages: (1) determining the morphology of beach ridges and their changes (beach profile variation, sedimentary deposits and beach classification); (2) analysis of morphosedimentary processes (physical coastal agents such as tides, waves and currents, and sediment supply such as sediment plumes; (3) data integration (correlation between the processes analyzed in stage one and two). The results indicate significant average variations in the morphosedimentation of the Goiabal beach ridge system, with seasonal migration (~24 to ~42 meters) towards the mainland. Erosion and deposition on the ridges and subsequent channels averaged less than 0.30 m along the beach profiles during the seasonal cycle. The oceanographic parameters indicate an average wave height of 0.25 m and an average tidal range of 5 m. Coastal currents are directed west-southwest and there is a predominance of ebb tide currents during the rainy season. The sediment plume of the Amazon River was closer to the study area during the rainy season (~15 to 25 km), with a predominance of ebb tide currents. Thus, it can be concluded that the segment of beach crest studied has a greater influence from the Amazon River sediment plume during the rainy season, intensifying the deposition of fine sediments. The displacement of beach ridges and the supply of sediment have a strong relationship with tidal dynamics in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Caracterização morfossedimentar da Praia do Caripi (Barcarena/PA) antes e após a construção da nova orla
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-29) SOUSA, Bianca Abraham de Assis; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Compreendendo as percepções sobre os potenciais impactos das mudanças climáticas em comunidades costeiras: um estudo de caso na área marinha protegida de Soure, costa amazônica brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-04-24) WANDSCHEER, Jéssica Yamila Leiva; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514
The study explores the perceptions of RESEX Soure communities regarding climate change, examining the complex relationships between these coastal communities and environmental changes. The research employed a structured questionnaire administered to 288 participants, representing 20% of the registered beneficiaries of the unit (Icmbio, 2018). The data collected included quantitative and qualitative insights on awareness, perceived impacts, and adaptation to climate change. The results reveal that 95.14% of respondents have a monthly income of up to one minimum wage (R$ 1,100 in 2021), reflecting the community's economic vulnerability. Regarding education, 61.46% have completed primary school, while only 2.08% have tertiary education. Most participants (58%) were born and continue to reside in the RESEX, relying heavily on extractive activities such as fishing, shellfish collection, and crab harvesting. Respondents reported noticeable environmental changes, including rising temperatures (73%), shifts in rainfall patterns (68%), and biodiversity loss (65%). These changes directly impact livelihoods, particularly fishing, which was identified as the main economic activity by 70% of participants. Additionally, 85% highlighted the importance of public policies and educational programs focused on mitigating climate impacts as critical to community adaptation efforts. While focused on RESEX Soure, the study emphasizes the importance of integrating local knowledge into broader climate adaptation strategies. The findings underscore the need for participatory approaches, scientifically informed and tailored to local realities, to ensure the effectiveness of public policies and enhance the resilience of coastal communities.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desenvolvimento de modelo matemático para simulação de transporte de resíduo plástico em estuário amazônico.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05-28) SANTIAGO, Matheus Pamplona; BORBA, Thaís Angélica da Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6210073723678433; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8084-3128; ROLLNIC, Marcelo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585442266149471; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8601-1514
The increasing use of plastics has raised environmental concerns due to the persistence of these materials in marine ecosystems. It is estimated that trillions of pieces of plastic debris are currently in the oceans, with millions of additional tons entering annually through rivers and other terrestrial sources. There is a gap between models of plastic input to the oceans and field observations, indicating the need for more accurate approaches and simulations based on in-situ data. The Amazon Coastal Zone (ACZ) emerges as a hotspot for the accumulation of plastic waste, especially in vegetated areas close to large urban centers. Although several numerical models have been developed for the ACZ, none have addressed the transport of plastic waste to date. This pioneering study implemented the first mathematical simulation for plastic transport in an urban estuary on the Amazon coast, specifically in the Guajará Bay, using the urban river (Tamandaré river) as a release site due to the availability of in-situ data for plastic parameterization. The hydrodynamic model (D-Flow), validated by the LAPMAR environmental modeling group, and the water quality module (D-Waq), were implemented using the Delft-3D software. The results show that Guajará Bay is more sensitive to plastic contamination during the dry period, characterized by slow transport of water masses and a reduced capacity for renewal. In contrast, during the rainy season, the tendency is to export plastics, due to the system's greater capacity for renewal. The residence time of the waters of the Tamandaré River in the bay varies from approximately 8.28 days in the period of greatest discharge to 31.76 days in the period of lowest discharge, allowing us to estimate that the waste released by the Tamandaré can reach the Tropical Atlantic Ocean in a range of 36 to 63 days, depending on the seasonal season. The study concludes that Amazon estuaries dominated by positive asymmetric tides favor the import of waste during periods of lower flow and increase exports during periods of higher flow. Temporary plastic retention zones were observed in both seasonal periods for marginal regions of low energy and atypical morphology, such as the coastline close to the port of Belém (BG1) and the mouth of the Guamá River (RG). These retention zones are intensified in the dry season and attenuated in the rainy season, depending on local hydrodynamic variability. Although the study analyzed the dynamics resulting from the input of plastics in a single ebb tide, it did not consider the continuous flow and potential accumulation of plastics over time. This work represents an important initial step towards improving the understanding and methodology of plastics transport in the ACZ.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Detecção das mudanças costeiras na margem leste do estuário do Rio Pará: uma análise multitemporal (1987-2019) utilizando sensoriamento remoto.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-05-24) GUIMARÃES, Diandra Karina Martins; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217; ROSÁRIO, Renan Peixoto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8003860457518342; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2913-0514
In the Coastal and Estuarine Zone of Pará (ZCEP) occurs a complex dynamics influenced by meteorological forces (rainfall, winds, extreme events), fluvial (flow) and marine (tides, currents, waves). The forcings affect the coastline (CL) of the estuaries margins causing changes that depend on the degree of exposure of the area and the intensity of the forcings. Therefore, the detection of the places that happen the processes of erosion and/or accretion of the coastline becomes interesting to observe the changes in the surroundings of the islands and municipalities of the eastern margin of the Pará River Estuary. The work area is located on the eastern margin of the Pará river estuary, in the section: Mosqueiro island, Santo Antônio do Tauá, Colares island (edge of the middle estuary), Vigia and São Caetano de Odivelas (edge of the lower estuary). To achieve the results, LANDSAT satellite images were acquired (1987; 1993; 1999; 2004; 2008; 2013 and 2019) and the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) was used to more accurately identify and calculate the rates of variation of changes in erosion and accretion areas in the LC. NSM, LRR and EPR parameters were applied on the east margin of the Pará river estuary (117 km) in the 32-year period of analysis, with a total of 1130 transects generated. In the middle estuary, the tendency to erosion was higher, predominating in Mosqueiro Island with an average erosion rate of -38m and an average accretion rate of 22.97m, related to the average rates of variation of -0.58m/year (EPR) and -0.54m/year (LRR) and in Santo Antônio do Tauá with LRR and EPR parameters identifying average rates of change of -1.67m/year (LRR) and -1.55m/year (EPR). Only on the Colares island there was a tendency to accretion, with an average erosion rate of -96.29m and an average accretion rate of 116.49m, where the maximum accretion and erosion rates are 405.61m and -396.87m, respectively. While in the lower estuary there was a greater tendency to accretion, where in Vigia there was an average rate of change of 1.26 m/year and a maximum rate of accretion of 10.06 m/year in the EPR, and an average rate of change of 0.64 m/year and maximum accretion rate of 7.22 in the LRR. In São Caetano de Odivelas, the average rate of change in the EPR parameter was 0.40 m/year and in the LRR parameter it was 0.25 m/year and in the NSM it was 13.09 m. Comparing the margins of the Estuary, the east margin is under the influence of a low hydrodynamics, while the west margin is under a high hydrodynamics where erosion predominates, demonstrating that in the same estuary the processes occur in a different way, where the areas of high erosion are related to the morphology of the site and location of the area being more exposed to forcing.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica espaço-temporal e pressões antrópicas em manguezais de RESEXs na costa atlântica paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-26) PEIXOTO, Herbert Junior Campos; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217
The Atlantic Coast of Pará (ACP) is shelter of the most well-preserved mangrove belt in the world, where some of these areas are included in extractive reserves (RESEX), which provide the sustainable use of its natural resources by the local population. This commitment to sustainability has been gaining strength since the creation of the 2030 Agenda, which gave rise to the Ocean Decade, which seeks the sustainable and scientific development of marine and coastal resources. Thus, the objective of this study is to analyze the spatio-temporal variability of mangroves inserted in the RESEX of the PCZ. The adopted methodology consists of: (1) acquisition and processing of images from Landsat satellites (2) quantification and comparison of the mangrove areas of four RESEX (Mãe Grande de Curuçá, Mestre Lucindo, Mocapajuba and São João da Ponta). These analyzes were carried out using polygons, created from Landsat satellite images, which delimited the mangrove areas for a period of thirty-four years (1986 to 2020). Using the mapbiomas collection plugin, available in the QGIS software, it was possible to observe urban sprawl in the studied areas and their interaction with mangrove environments. To corroborate the results obtained, environmental data of suspended particulate matter (MPS) were used. The vegetation cover had the highest reduction value of 8,054 km² and maximum increase value of 14,825 km². It was possible to observe patterns of variation in the RESEXs, which showed similar trends, both in terms of loss and gain in area. Little change occurred in the mangrove areas in the innermost portions of the RESEXs. The suspended particulate material (SPM) transported in the region has SW NE direction. It was also possible to observe the growth of urban infrastructure in all municipalities where the RESEXs are located, with Marapanim and Curuçá showing the highest growth (4,642 km² and 4,797 km², respectively). However, most changes in mangrove cover occurred along the coastline, far from urbanized areas. The analyzed mangroves remained in balance; however, disorderly urbanization can bring losses if there are no effective measures.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Especiação do fósforo em rios urbanos: um estudo de caso dos rios Tucunduba e Tamandaré, Belém/Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-24) COIMBRA, Marcus Vinicius Rodrigues; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043
Phosphorus (P) is a bioliminating macronutrient that plays an essential role in regulating ecosystem functions and primary productivity in marine and coastal environments. However, when in excessive concentrations, P assumes the role of a pollutant, negatively influencing the ecosystem and causing eutrophication. In Brazil, the problem is maximized in urban centers cut by canals, where there is an intensification of the process of changing the natural conditions of the environment. The speciation of P associated with hydrodynamic processes and the type of urbanization of the environment allows identifying the eutrophication status of these environments. Therefore, the present study seeks to promote understanding of the dynamics of P speciation in two urban rivers, the Tucunduba and Tamandaré rivers, located in the metropolitan region of Belém (Northern Brazil), with the objective of evaluating whether there is variation in P speciation. phosphorus in urban rivers at different time scales. To this end, samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were carried out using two different methodologies: the horizontal flow trap (portable traps) and the vertical flow trap (fixed traps). For the extraction of P, the sequential extraction method SEDEX was adopted, which allowed the extraction of five forms: P-Ex, P-Fe, P-Au, PDe and P-Org, in addition to P-Bio. In the Tucunduba river, Total-P concentrations ranged from 20.52 to 100.78 μmol.g-1, with predominance of the P-Fe fraction. In the Tamandaré River, concentrations ranged from 42.36 to 173.88 μmol.g-1 with P-Au predominance. Thus, it was possible to verify that the urban rivers Tucunduba and Tamandaré have high concentrations of P and its species. With these data, it is clear the need to deepen this type of study in these rivers and other urban rivers present in Belém, as well as the need for policies aimed at the recovery and preservation of these, in order to mitigate the problem involving phosphorus and restore the capacity ecosystems of these environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Especiação do fósforo em rios urbanos: um estudo de caso dos rios Tucunduba e Tamandaré, Belém/Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-05-24) COIMBRA, Marcus Vinicius Rodrigues; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043
Phosphorus (P) is a bioliminating macronutrient that plays an essential role in regulating ecosystem functions and primary productivity in marine and coastal environments. However, when in excessive concentrations, P assumes the role of a pollutant, negatively influencing the ecosystem and causing eutrophication. In Brazil, the problem is maximized in urban centers cut by canals, where there is an intensification of the process of changing the natural conditions of the environment. The speciation of P associated with hydrodynamic processes and the type of urbanization of the environment allows identifying the eutrophication status of these environments. Therefore, the present study seeks to promote understanding of the dynamics of P speciation in two urban rivers, the Tucunduba and Tamandaré rivers, located in the metropolitan region of Belém (Northern Brazil), with the objective of evaluating whether there is variation in P speciation. phosphorus in urban rivers at different time scales. To this end, samples of suspended particulate matter (SPM) were carried out using two different methodologies: the horizontal flow trap (portable traps) and the vertical flow trap (fixed traps). For the extraction of P, the sequential extraction method SEDEX was adopted, which allowed the extraction of five forms: P-Ex, P-Fe, P-Au, PDe and P-Org, in addition to P-Bio. In the Tucunduba river, Total-P concentrations ranged from 20.52 to 100.78 μmol.g-1, with predominance of the P-Fe fraction. In the Tamandaré River, concentrations ranged from 42.36 to 173.88 μmol.g-1 with P-Au predominance. Thus, it was possible to verify that the urban rivers Tucunduba and Tamandaré have high concentrations of P and its species. With these data, it is clear the need to deepen this type of study in these rivers and other urban rivers present in Belém, as well as the need for policies aimed at the recovery and preservation of these, in order to mitigate the problem involving phosphorus and restore the capacity ecosystems of these environments.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução multitemporal (2010-2024) do canal de acesso do estuário do rio Amazonas (canal Norte - baía de Macapá - margem ocidental)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) SILVA, Eduardo Pantoja da; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217
The Amazon River, the world’s largest by water volume, has an average discharge of approximately 209,000 m³/s and exhibits a semidiurnal tidal range that varies from 0.3 m to 4 m during spring tides. Its vast watershed profoundly shapes the geomorphology of the Amazon Basin, driving sedimentary processes and directly affecting navigability. The economic importance of navigation within its estuary contrasts sharply with the challenges posed by both natural and anthropogenic alterations, which compromise the long-term stability of the channel. This dissertation analyzes the geomorphological evolution of the Amazon River’s northern channel and Macapá Bay from 2010 to 2024. It assesses the impacts of sedimentary dynamics on navigability and port management. The research methodology encompassed the analysis of bathymetric data, 38 Sentinel-1 radar scenes (captured between 2016 and 2024) processed via the Google Earth Engine platform, and historical hydrological records. Bathymetric processing was carried out in SURFER using the kriging method, while spatial analyses were performed with geostatistical tools in Python and QGIS. This included the delineation of sandbanks and the calculation of modification areas to identify erosion and deposition patterns. The study area is highly dynamic, influenced by tidal forces, river discharge, and sedimentation. These interacting processes drive the formation and migration of sandbanks and unstable channels, which directly affect bed depth and navigational safety. The findings indicate a reduction in the northern channel’s average depth from 26 m to 22 m, along with a noticeable east-northeastward migration. This shift is evidenced by erosion along the left bank and simultaneous deposition on the right bank. Three-dimensional analysis revealed that while the bed morphology was relatively homogeneous in 2011, by 2024 it had become more compartmentalized, reflecting a rate of change of 0.307 m per year. The study also highlights significant variations in the spatial extent of emerged areas within Macapá Bay. During El Niño years (2016, 2018, 2023), average accretion reached 8,326.93 km², whereas La Niña years (2017, 2020, 2021, 2022) experienced average erosion of -13,941.27 km². Linear regression analysis produced an adjusted R² value of 0.163, indicating that hydrological variability and human activity influence the region’s sedimentary dynamics. The observed geomorphological changes directly affect waterway management and the Santana port complex, underscoring the need for effective strategies to ensure ongoing navigability. Remote sensing has proven invaluable for monitoring these dynamic transformations, offering strategic insights to enhance port infrastructure planning and ensure the long-term sustainability of navigation in the region. This research reinforces the necessity of continuous monitoring and integrated hydrodynamic planning to maintain navigational safety and logistical efficiency. The combined use of geoprocessing and bathymetric techniques enables more accurate planning and the implementation of measures to mitigate sedimentation impacts, thereby preserving the viability of inland waterway transport. Ultimately, the results provide essential support for managing navigation in the Amazon River’s northern channel, promoting enhanced efficiency and safety.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Evolução multitemporal da linha de costa (1972-2040) do município de Soure, Ilha do Marajó (Amazônia - Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-11-11) MENEZES, Rafael Alexandre Alves; EL-ROBRINI, Maâmar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5707365981163429; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7850-1217
Exogenous agents that act in the Coastal Zone (ZC) act as morphological modelers of the CoastLine (LC) and this action modifies the erosive and accretive scenario of the LC over time. To assess these temporal changes in the ZC, remote sensing (SR), from orbital remote sensors, is an opening that makes it possible to identify these variations, where the main objective around the world is the management and protection of these coastal areas. Thus, the present composition aims to present the evolution of the LC line during the period 1972-2020 (48 years) and estimate the evolution of the LC for the years 2030 and 2040 in the ZC of the Soure municipality, located in the northeastern part (NE) of the Marajó island (Pará-Eastern Amazon), inserted in the Pará Estuarine Coastal Zone (ZCEP), conditioned by the hydrodynamics of the South channel of the Amazon River and by the estuary of the Pará River. A set of 6 images from a time series of the satellite were acquired: Landsat 1 (MSS) from 1972 and 1994 (bands 7.6.5 and 5.4.3, respectively), Landsat 5 (TM) from 1985, 2004, 2009 ( bands 5.4.3), with a spatial resolution of 30m, and Landsat 8 (OLI) 2020 (bands 6.5.4.8), with a spatial resolution of 15 m after the fusion of band 8 (panchromatic), being obtained from the USGS (United States Geological Survey) site, all already georeferenced and geoprocessing techniques for: a) LC delimitation: where it was created from semi-automatic methods combined with manual methods, using the normalized water difference index (NDWI) technique; b) DSAS version 5.0 (v5.0), being used to compose the LC analysis hrough this tool: NSM, EPR and LRR, version v5 brings the Kalman Filter, which was used to calculate the future estimate in the LC for the years 2030 and 2040. As a result, it was identified that in sectors I and II (southern channel of the Amazon River), accretion predominates, in sector III (Maguari Cape) it is where it obtained the highest accretion rates, and in sector IV the accretion process predominates with a tendency erosive, sector V erosion predominates. These data are linked to the total number of 654 transects comprising an average distance of 214.4 m, where the mean retreat is indicated with a negative rate of - 179.5 m and a positive rate of 451.9 m. For the years 2030 and 2040, the trend is that this process will continue, where the greatest coastal retraction, around 271.46 m, will be in the Northeast (NE) (sector II), and a CL advance of 625.26 m in sector III.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Geoindicadores de vulnerabilidade à erosão em praias estuarinas, costa amazônica, Pará.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022-04-19) NOVAES, Gabriela de Oliveira; RANIERI, Leilanhe Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3129401501809850; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9870-4879
The coastal zone (CZ) is a region responsible for various ecological functions, and also object of concern due to its uses and anthropic pressures, which affect its balance and environmental integrity. The beach is one of the most important environments in CZ, due to its intense use by the human population, having ecological function for many organisms and being a natural protection against physical forcers (waves, tides and chains). The anthropogenic occupation on a particular beach can aggravate coastal erosion (natural process of the morphological amendment of the environment, due to the interaction with physical agents). This occurs on the island of Mosqueiro, object of study of this work, where erosive processes have been intensified in recent decades, combined with urbanization. Observing this problem, the present research aims to analyze vulnerability to erosion on the Amazonian estuarine beaches of the Mosqueiro Island, well as evaluating the degree of coastal risk to which they are exposed. Using geoindicators, index and classification of local vulnerability were obtained. Being the index composed of coastal variables: morphology and granulometry of the beach, sedimentary swing, variation of the coast line, cliffs, natural barriers; and continental variables: land elevation, vegetation, coastal engineering structures, percentage of occupation and soil permeability. Then it was carried out: (a) collection of topographic data and sealing samples on 16 beaches; (b) observational analysis with Checklist of geoindicators of coastal erosion in loco and through satellite images; c) treatment of data collected in the field and by remote sensing; d) Use of the coastal vulnerability index to evaluate erosion on the beaches; and, e) identification of risk degree in these beaches. The results demonstrate that 8 of the 16 analyzed beaches are classified with high vulnerability (IVC: 5,0-7,4) and accentuated coastal risk, and that the presence of active cliffs, wall of arrimation and high occupation next the beaches stood out as favoring ones for this result. The data indicated high human occupation (> 70% on most beaches), since several forms of land use are frequent on the island, whether for homes or establishments (shops, restaurants, inns), which raises local risk for the occurrence of damage caused by erosion. In general, the adapted method of this study for Amazonian estuarine beaches, proved to be an interesting tool to be used in urban planning and to minimize future impacts of coastal erosion. It provides information that can aid in decision-making focused on coastal management and choosing which mitigatory measures can be carried out. Thus, the importance of this analysis and continuous coastal monitoring is reinforced through the use of geoindicators.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Gestão de resíduos por atividades turísticas na área de preservação ambiental (APA) em ilha metropolitana da Amazônia
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2025-02-27) ELLERES, Igor Diniz; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-9449-7043; SAMPAIO, Dionisio de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2193736281754259; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2688-6001
Solid waste management on Combu Island, in Belém (PA), reflects the logistical and structural challenges faced by Amazonian riverside communities in the context of growing urbanization and tourism. This study focused on waste management and the various stakeholders involved, who play a crucial role in the collection and disposal of discarded materials. Interviews and observations were conducted to understand the practices adopted by restaurants regarding waste disposal and the perceptions of waste pickers about the impact of this activity on the environment and their livelihood. The results indicated that although restaurants generate significant volumes of waste—around 4.8 tons per year—the lack of proper infrastructure, such as selective collection and regular transportation, leads to improper disposal. This issue is partially mitigated by the work of waste pickers, who collect recyclables such as glass bottles and plastics, turning them into a source of income. However, waste pickers face precarious working conditions, with low recognition and little integration into public policies or environmental education initiatives. The research also revealed that restaurant managers recognize the importance of improving their practices and developing them based on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs 14 and 15), but often encounter logistical difficulties and a lack of incentives or specific regulations. It is concluded that promoting integrated actions between restaurants, waste pickers, and public authorities, along with environmental education strategies, can enhance the efficiency of solid waste management, reduce socio-environmental impacts, and value the stakeholders involved.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Governança ambiental participativa como ferramenta para construção de ações sustentáveis na costa paraense.
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2022) FARIAS, Lana Caroline Ferreira; SANTOS, Marcos Antônio Souza dos; MONTEIRO, Sury de Moura; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4309806566068586; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9449-7043