Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido - PPGDSTU/NAEA
URI Permanente desta comunidadehttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2294
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Trópico Úmido (PPGDSTU) pertence ao Núcleo de Altos Estudos Amazônicos (NAEA), da Universidade Federal do Pará. O NAEA existe desde 1972, quando foi concebido como uma unidade de Pós-Graduação e de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar voltada à análise da dinâmica social, econômica e ambiental da Amazônia. No plano institucional, tinha a finalidade, enquanto instituto interdisciplinar, de propiciar a integração da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) em suas diversas áreas de conhecimento, além de iniciar propostas de integração de pesquisas e ensino de pós-graduação no plano internacional, principalmente no que diz respeito à Pan-Amazônia.
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmica das relações socioeconômicas e ecológicas no extrativismo do açaí: o caso do médio Rio Pracuuba, São Sebastião da Boa Vista, Marajó (PA)(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2005-07-11) MARINHO, José Antônio Magalhães; ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0087693866786684The present study analyses the transformations on açaí extrativism along the middle Pracuúba River flood plain (Marajó, PA), stimulated by the fruit demand intensification, envolving both local and extra-local markets. It investigate, on one side, the socio-economic relations established in the fruit extraction and commerce besides showing the coexistence of the market principles on the side of the peculiar relations concerning the old “aviamento” system, and on the other side, the population interactions with the açaí palm, through the several management systems, an being adopted because of the valorization of such resources. So, the açaí palm economics, on the socio-economic plan is being carachterized by “changes” and “continuities”, and on the sphere of the man/environment interactions, a major challenge ahead is to boost the management activities.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmica do processo de inovação do açaí: a trajetória de pesquisa e desenvolvimento do BRS-Pará(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-04-28) GUIMARÃES, Camilla Maria Cavalcante; COSTA, Francisco de Assis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1820238947667908In Pará state açaí is the main product of the fruit-growing, generating an approximate value of R $ 677.2 million. With the expansion of production for upland areas, came the difficulty of standardization and homogeneity of production and thus lower quality. In an attempt to solve this problem, the Federal institute Embrapa Amazônia Oriental developed through genetic breeding the BRS-Pará, first crop for solid ground, with high productivity, early production and production in the off-season. Thus, the research aimed to analyze the process of innovation and profitability of BRS-Pará breeding. For the construction of this analysis it was necessary to characterize the BRS-Pará product developed by EMBRAPA, from the conception of the idea to product development, where were used for the analysis. The technological structure, productive and reproductive problems that gave origin to BRS-Pará were analyzed, through interviews with the technicians responsible for the development of farming. The perspective used to understand the process of innovation and technological came from Lundvall, Freeman, Cassiolato who argues that the process occurs from the interaction between different actors, institutions, support mechanisms and research work in collaboration to facilitate this process. At last, were collected accounting and production data of a farm that works with Açaí BRS-Pará crops, evaluating profitability, productivity and balance point of BRS-Pará crops. To understand the phenomenon we used the notion of paradigms and technological trajectories, based on the notion of Dosi and Nelson, however Costa perspective (2009) was highlighted to be a necessary contextualization of the natural environment in the formation and constitution of paradigms and their trajectories. The production unit analyzed is included in the T5 concept, path defined by Costa, as part of the patriarchal system, where there is an intensive land use and landscape homogenization. The study showed high level of profitability, because the crop enables revenue generation in the period between harvests, when prices rise, as well as the benefits of irrigation for the development of production.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) O Extrativismo do açaí (Euterpe oleracea Martius) na Ilha das Cinzas, várzea estuarina do Rio Amazonas, Pará: socioeconomia, manejo e cadeia produtiva(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-09-29) SANTOS, Erick Silva dos; GUEDES, Marcelino Carneiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9005172978014230; AZEVEDO-RAMOS, Claudia; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1968630321407619Essential for the extractivist mode of several Amazon families, the economic activity of açaí has been changing over the past few decades, increasingly associating itself with national and international markets. However, concomitant with the globalization of the activity, which increased the profit of companies and the income of extractive families, the interventions of riverside dwellers in the environmental landscape of the floodplains have been accentuated, putting their social, economic, environmental and food sustainability in check. Combining the economic desires of families together with maintaining the plant diversity of the productive units in the floodplains, a fundamental characteristic for gains in competitiveness in the global “green market”, is one of the main challenges of the activity today. This study evaluated the socioeconomic and environmental dynamics of the açaí extractive activity by the riverside population of the Ilha das Cinzas Agroextractive Settlement Project, municipality of Gurupá, State of Pará, in the Eastern Amazon. Our general assumption was that the empirical models of management of the açaizeiro practiced by extractive families and the organizational level of the local açaí productive supply chain affect the productivity, consumption and income generation of riverside population of Ilha das Cinzas. The study was developed from: i) the determination of the seasonal production of açaí fruit and its relationship with the socioeconomics of the producing families; ii) the evaluation of the level of food security and the associated causes in extractive families; iii) the analysis of the impacts of the different empirical models of açaizeiro management practiced by extractivists for the production of açaí fruit; and iv) the determination of the actors, factors and characteristics that interfere in the production supply chain of the açaí fruit from the extractivist point of view. The total study period was from June 2015 to February 2020, consisting of five harvests and six off-seasons, with some time cuts for specific issues. The methodology included document analysis, local interviews, application of food security standards and collection of production, income, environmental and forestry data. The results showed that the harvest and off-season periods on Ilha das Cinzas were from June to October and November to May, respectively. Self-consumption did not vary with the sale price in the harvest and off-season, comprising 23% of total production. Notwithstanding, the effects of seasonality were substantial for the variation of the local rasa price and for significant decreases in fruit production and average gross income/family in the off-season. About 65% of the interviewed families had food security. However, moderate to severe insecurity (FI) already occurs in 16% of them. The variables “gender” and “consumption of family agricultural production” explained 87% of the variation in FI. In this sense, families that have women as a provider and that produce and consume food from family farming were 60% and 50% less likely to have food insecurity, respectively. The practices of extractivists on Ilha das Cinzas were based on three types of empirical management models, namely: (i) productivist, (ii) intermediate and (iii) conservationist. The productivist type showed fruit production (kg) on average 109.5% and 281.4% higher than those of the intermediate and conservationist types, respectively, however they presented 52.6% and 35.7% lower floristic richness. Productivity of the açaizeiro was negatively correlated with shading and the size of surrounding trees. The trade-off between production and sustainability of the floodplain ecosystem must be considered when choosing the appropriate management. Public protection policies can provide a guideline for the limits considered acceptable in management practices for the economic and environmental sustainability of açaizais in the Amazon, although there is still a lack of technical standardization. The supply chain of the island's açaí fruit proved to be incomplete and formed by producers, intermediaries and suppliers. Four factors, represented by 75% of the variables used, explained 48% of the total variance of the variables, being named: (i) productive aspects, (ii) technological insertion, (iii) associative management and economic incentives and (iv) commercialization and promotion. Only factors (i) and (iv) were well evaluated by extractivists. Low mechanization, incipient use of technology and low training, combined with the absence of participation by the main community association, were the main obstacles for extractivists to increase production, productivity and phytosanitary safety in açaí. It is concluded that the general hypothesis of this study was confirmed, since the level of social, economic, environmental and food sustainability of the productive activity of the açaí of Ilha das Cinzas was the result of the way that extractive families empirically managed the açaí, the financial and food contributions resulting from the activity and the organizational level of the local açaí fruit production chain, which directly or indirectly interferes in the local development of their communities. Some factors would be essential to overcome the obstacles in the production chain of the açaí fruit from Ilha das Cinzas, such as the promotion of public policies that include actions aimed at continuous and quality technical training and capacity building, strengthening of local associations, economic incentives, technology transfer and interaction among intersectoral policies.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Põe tapioca, põe farinha d’água?: gastronomia do açaí e identidade socioespacial e cultural na Grande Belém(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-06-11) ANDRADE, Soraya Souza de; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1762041788112837The present work had as main objective to analyze the changes in the forms of sale and consumption of açaí in the metropolitan region of Belém (RMB), and their relationship with the place identity of the consumers. The interest in the theme originated in the observation of the occurrence of açaí globalization, diet base food of amazonian riverine populations, source that today is widely consumed outside of the Amazon region, in very different patterns of those in it. The choice of RMB as research locus is justified by the fact that it focuses on high consumption of açaí, in traditional and modern patterns, raising questions about the effects of such coexistence in daily life of those who live there. Theoretically, the research articulates the definition of place identity of Abe-Lima (2012), with the elaborations of Henri Lefèbvre (1991) about the everyday life in the modern world, and with economic circuits theory of Milton Santos (2008). Methodologically, was adopted a multi-method strategy, involving documentary research, a panel of experts with 5 entity monitoring açaí production, observations based on urban ethnography in 9 places of sale and half-open interviews with 40 consumers of açaí, over 18 years old and residents in RMB, recruited through snowball type chain. In addition to the interviews scripts, were used as data collection strategies field diaries and photographs. The data set was submitted to the technique of thematic content analysis, with eventual suport of software QDA Miner Lite. The results situates the açaí globalization in the mid-1990, point of intensification of the effects of metropolitanization in Belém, as the population increase, the spatial segregation and the imposition of a faster pace of life. The analyses showed that this process meant the entrance of açaí in the upper circuit of the economy, with a process production more organized, using most technology and involving major financial volumes reaching industrial scale. However, prevails in RMB the artisanal processing, in small structures, built in masonry, of simple organization and with no financial control. Public consumption increased, with a large number of specialized places in supply of açaí with entertainment character, having incipient adherence to new accompaniments, like granola and oatmeal. The preference for traditional accompaniments, such as manioc flours, sugar and fish, remains, as well as for private consumption, in the framework of house, which has been favored by delivery service availability, recent feature. The general frequency of consumption decreased, as a result of the price increase and changes in routine, and so as increased distance between workplace and residence. The research allowed to reaffirm the importance of açaí in everyday life of belenenses that consume it, for which it works as an element of distinctiveness, continuity, self-esteem and self-efficacy, in close relationship with own aspects of the metropolis. For this reason, it becomes worrisome that access to quality açaí, on the standards desired by individuals, is becoming inaccessible privilege to consumers of lower purchasing power. So, it is expected that the data set contributes to the understanding of the importance of public policies geared to açaí as they deem best the demands of those who consume.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Uso dos recursos naturais e sazonalidade no estuário amazônico: estratégias e gestão dos produtores de açaí(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-03-07) SOLIS, Karol Natalie Lavado; ALMEIDA, Oriana Trindade de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0325909843645279The dissertation includes a socio-economic and ecological-environmental perspective in order to identify and understand the answers found by the producers of açaí to improve the way of life to social, natural, and environmental disturbances in the Amazon estuary ecosystem. The research was conducted in five communities in the Islands Abaetetuba, Pará - Brazil. The sample was obtained by the technique of snowball, and consisted of 120 riverine families. The various procedures (right observation, semi-structured and open interviews, information sheets daily production activities, and development of eco-seasonal calendar), were used to support the analysis, which focused on analyzing the economic strategies of uses natural resources by producers of açaí as adaptive response to seasonal ecosystem. The data reveal that the exploitation and sale of açaí fruits (78%) are the main economic activities of the estuarine floodplain, followed by fishing livelihoods activities (fish: 64% shrimp and 63%), and the extraction of Buriti (36%), which are considered complementary activities in the coastal economy. Situation that at risk by intensifying the cultivation of açaí and tendency to monoculture of the palm and services changing the diversity of the estuarine ecosystem. But these activities are not, however, developed in isolation, but are part of a complex and integrated system of production and diverse use of natural resources, in view of generating more income for families. By adaptation (resilience) generated from living with the changes or environmental and economic (intensification of cultivation of açaí, increasing temperatures, intensification of rainfall, air and water pollution), the disruption strategy of diversifying economic activities will allow riparians have higher annual gross income and improve the quality of ecosystem services (good local climate regulation, increased production of nutrients to the soil, and have higher carbon stocks).