Artigos Científicos - NAEA

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/3

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura familiar e desenvolvimento rural sustentável na Amazônia
(2005-06) HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter
The article presents a critical review of theoretical and methodological concepts upon which analytical works about Amazonian peasantries since the 1960s have been based. The vision of Amazon peasants as shifting cultivators with low productivity who destroy their ecological habitat and are condemned to disappear due to the advance of large landowners (the model of the frontier cycle) is contrasted with the tendency for the consolidation of family agriculture based on more complex production systems, including permanent cultures, small animal husbandry and cattle. This tendency is more clearly evident in the Northeast of Pará, but has also been statistically confirmed for the State of Pará and the Northern Region of Brazil. This means that the hypothesis of the frontier cycle has limited validity for older colonization regions. However, recent research on borders showed production systems which concentrate on cattleraising in the South of Pará and on permanent cultures in the Transamazônica region. These systems cannot simply be classified as shifting cultivation but represent different trajectories from that of the Northeast of Pará.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Agricultura no delta do rio Amazonas: colonos produtores de alimentos em Macapá no período colonial
(2005-06) ACEVEDO MARIN, Rosa Elizabeth
During the 17th and 18th centuries there was a world wide expansion of different types of rice cultivated, more than the present-day During this period, Portugal attempted to transform the Amazon river delta into a rice granery , introducing rice cultivation in the state of Greater Pará (Grão Pará). The colonization of Macapá and Mazagão began on the basis of this rice production. This article addresses the issues relating to the supply of laborers required for this project and the manufacturing technology and commercialization of products employed by the Companhia Geral do Comércio do Grão Pará e Maranhão (General Company for Commerce in Greater Pará).
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Alometria reprodutiva de Podocnemis unifilis (Testudines: Podocnemididae) na várzea do baixo Rio Amazonas, Santarém, Pará, Brasil
(2012-03) PIGNATI, Marina Teófilo; PEZZUTI, Juarez Carlos Brito
The body size of the organisms represents an important parameter, which may have consequences on their ecology, reproductive activities, evolution and development. Allometry relationship is the study of the size (or growth) of a body part in relation to the final size (or growth) of the organism. This study analyzed the allometric relationships between females of Podocnemis unifilis (Troschel, 1848), their eggs and hatchlings, and between nest features and the clutch in the flooded forest portion (várzea) of lower Amazon River, Santarém, state of Pará, Brazil. Podocnemis unifilis clutches' were monitored in the Tabuleiro da Água Preta during the reproductive cycle of 2009. The females found nesting were measured and the physical features of the nests were measured, and the latter were also marked with numbered stakes. The eggs and hatchlings of these nests were removed and counted, and their biometry was performed. The female parameters analyzed (straight-line carapace length and mass) were correlated with almost all the egg and hatchling variables, with the exception of the egg length and the hatchling mass. Future studies directed to the better understanding of how the environmental features influence nest features can be applied, being useful for more effective applications of management actions for the species.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Amazônia: mineração, tributação e desenvolvimento regional
(2004-12) MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu
This article examines the founding basis of taxation, royalty charges, and the concession of fiscal benefits, analyzing the compensations aimed at favoring the articulation between mining and the dynamics of socially rooted development. The author arrives at the conclusion that, in Amazonia, there are no public policies regarding fiscal benefit concessions that can lead mining companies to take actions towards regional development. Royalty rates in Brazil are relatively low due to unequal appropriation by the political powers rather than to microeconomic restrictions.
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Amazônia: os (des) caminhos da cadeia produtiva do alumínio
(2007-12) MONTEIRO, Maurílio de Abreu; MONTEIRO, Eder Ferreira
During the military government (1964-1985), the Amazonia has been the focus of spacial intervention projects sustained by modernization discourse. The action of the national State was marked by selection of areas which passed capital and infrastructure. Barcarena (PA) emphasized by the installation of the projects Albras and Alunorte, for the improvement and export of aluminum. They appear again as a priority for regional development plans in the government of president Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Lula. With regard to social relations at work, in the 90s, to the aluminum industry started to act on the basis of "flexibility" productive. In the speech, defended itself the largest quality of the service; in practice, There was a reduction of jobs and loss of wages and pension guarantees, as a result of changes in management.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise de cluster da indústria de móveis de madeira do Pará
(2006-12) CARVALHO, David Ferreira; SANTANA, Antônio Cordeiro de; MENDES, Fernando Antônio Teixeira
It employs in this work the analysis multivariate technique on a varied set of data gathered by means of the questionnaires application in 84 companies of the industry of wooden furniture of Estado do Pará. The goal of the use of this technical is to reveal clusters industrial and her relations among variables of the competitiveness and of the cases (furniture companies) and then to select the nearest that form the industrial groupings.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise socioeconômica dos sistemas de uso de terra por pequenos produtores agrários na Amazônia oriental
(2004-12) HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter
This article examines the dynamics of agricultural systems used by small farmers in the northeast of the State of Pará (Brazil). Its goal is to relate specific forms of shifting cultivation and extractive industry in Amazonia with endogenous processes of economic decision making. It has resonated on the system dynamics, and public policies, which as of the 70’s have focused on agricultural modernization and creation of permanent crops, thus contributing to the achievement of agro-ecologic and agro-economic barriers. Based on the new dynamics, small family enterprises in Amazonia have to cope with public and private actions, which undermine their stability.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Capital social, redes sociais e inovações produtivas
(2008) PONTE, Tereza Maria Ferreira Ximenes
Successful experiences in motivating local populations show the importance of organizing people and training them to develop innovative projects. It also reveals that communities in which people interact more frequently with each other and where social networks, on a whole, are well integrated, are more likely to overcome their limitations and to take advantage of their opportunities. This in return favors the development of strategies and collective tactics, increasing the power of choice and decision of the community members.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cenários de desmatamento para a Amazônia
(2005-08) SOARES FILHO, Britaldo Silveira; NEPSTAD, Daniel Curtis; CURRAN, Lisa; CERQUEIRA, Gustavo Coutinho; GARCIA, Ricardo Alexandrino; RAMOS, Cláudia de Barros e Azevedo; VOLL, Eliane; MCDONALD, Alice; LEFEBVRE, Paul; SCHLESINGER, Peter; MCGRATH, David Gibbs
THE AMAZON is entering an era of rapid changes as new transportation corridors traverse the region, stimulating the expansion of logging and agricultural frontiers. The declining cost of transportation has important implications for biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, and the long-term prosperity of the Amazon society. To analyze this context, we have developed an empirically based, policy-sensitive model of deforestation for the Amazon basin. Model output for the worst-case scenario shows that, by 2050, projected deforestation trends will eliminate 40% of the current 5.4 million km2 of Amazon forests, releasing approximately 32 Pg (109 tons) of carbon to the atmosphere. Results from intermediate-case scenarios indicate that, although an expanded and enforced network of protected areas could avoid as much as one third of projected forest losses, other conservation measures are still required to maintain the functional integrity of Amazon landscapes and watersheds. Current experiments in forest conservation on private properties, markets for ecosystem services, and agro-ecological zoning must be refined and implemented to achieve comprehensive conservation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Colonização japonesa, história econômica e desenvolvimento regional do estado do Pará
(2012-12) TAFNER JUNIOR, Armando Wilson; SILVA, Fábio Carlos da
This paper presents a general approach of the twentieth century economic history of the great regions of the state of Para, Brazil. It also analyses the more expressive events which has been occurred during the 70 years of the Japanese immigration to northern of Para, the poorest region of that state. In that region, the Japanese undertook the more successful collective entrepreneurial of small agriculture producers in Amazon, the Cooperativa Agrícola Mista de Tomé-Açu, which is the only effective local productive arrangement in Para.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A construção histórica do termo caboclo: sobre estruturas e representações sociais no meio rural amazônico
(1999-12) LIMA, Deborah de Magalhães
O artigo apresenta uma análise dos usos da palavra caboclo, distinguindo entre a complexidade do uso popular e a objetividade postulada pelo uso acadêmico. A representação dessa categoria social, ao lado da história do termo, revelam um retrato da própria história da Amazônia, com sua estrutura de classes e a valoração social atribuída aos seus componentes. Sendo essencialmente um termo de identificação, e raramente uma identidade, o nome caboclo faz parte da construção das relações sociais, ao classificar pessoas e definir sua posição na hierarquia social. Com base nessa complexidade, o artigo faz uma crítica à objetividade reivindicada pelo uso acadêmico.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Corporação e economia local: uma análise usando Contas Sociais Alfa (CSα) do programa de investimentos da CVRD no Sudeste Paraense (2004 a 2010)
(2008-12) COSTA, Francisco de Assis
The Southeast region of the state of Pará has been an extraordinarily dynamic area. The great cattle ranching projects financed by the SUDAM were implemented there the sixties, which confronted the old Brazil nut extraction structures and the expansion of family farming both spontaneous and induced, along with major mineral projects and gold mining prospectors. As parts of the process, important structural transformations took place reinforcing the role of the urban centers and their local rural bases in the logistics of new economic sectors conditioned by the formation of the mining economy. This mining economy was a result of the presence of the Vale do Rio Doce Company (CVRD), which has operated its north-system of ferrous metals based in Carajás since 1985. The article presents the results of an input-output analysis with button-up methodology that calculates the economic impacts of the investment program of CVRD from 2004 to 2010, on both the rural and urban local economy and also on the rest of Para State and of Brazil.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A criação de unidades de conservação em áreas de apossamento de populações tradicionais: um problema agrário ou ambiental?
(1998) BENATTI, José Heder
A discussão que iremos apresentar neste trabalho faz parte de nosso projeto de pesquisa que desenvolvemos em parceria com entidades de base e organizações nãogovernamentais (ONGs)1, com o intuito de apresentar uma proposta de regularização fundiária dos apossamentos das populações tradicionais da Amazônia. As áreas com as quais desenvolveremos nosso trabalho são: Parque Nacional do Jaú – AM; comunidade de ribeirinhos da ilha de Ituqui, no município de Santarém – PA; comunidade de remanescentes do Quilombo de Pacoval, no município de Alenquer – PA. São diferentes áreas de pesquisa, uma está em uma unidade de conservação, outra, em uma ilha no rio Amazonas e a última é um quilombo em terras da União. Contudo, neste momento, pretendemos discutir somente um dos casos analisados, que é o das populações tradicionais em Unidades de Conservação (UC) de uso indireto2.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Desafios de uma nova gestão pública para o desenvolvimento dos municípios no Pará
(2011-12) PONT VIDAL, Josep; ROSA FILHO, Duarte de Souza
Economic development at the municipal level has traditionally been studied from economical, political structure, or the endogenous capacity to innovate and create wealth. The theoretical hypothesis guiding this research is that economic development in a municipality, mainly depends on the classification of municipal management. From a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary, methodological level, it presents the first phase of research, essentially exploratory, based on a quantitative methodology in several counties of the state of Pará. They expose themselves and analyze the variables: the planning and management people. In conclusion, we observe the importance of planning to acquire medium to long term and staff training for institutional strengthening.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dialética entre o “sistema” e o “mundo de vida” na biogeograﬁa urbana
(2009-12) PONT VIDAL, Josep
In writing the analysis of the scientific discipline of Biogeography, urban character of science as a technological support in different disciplines and lines of research from biology and geography and the theory of systems. In the case of a scientific discipline of character art, such a limited frame of time to establish a link between the environment, human action and the resulting dialectic. The analytical concepts of “system” and “life world”, proposed by Jürgen Habermas and Niklas Luhmann also offer a landmark interpretation that hints at various functions relating to the role of knowledge, apparently no interest, and science in general and of human action. For Urban Biogeography, adopt the proposed concepts mean to introduce elements of reflection on the analysis of historical processes and the role of discipline in the production of knowledge in the context of the Amazon.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dimensões da informalidade em Belém
(1999-12) SENA, Ana Laura dos Santos
As transformações no mercado de trabalho urbano brasileiro, especialmente a partir de 1990, têm influenciado no crescimento da precariedade através do aumento do desemprego e das atividades informais. Este artigo analisa as características de um segmento do setor informal na cidade de Belém - o dos vendedores ambulantes de produtos alimentícios. Desta forma, busca-se mostrar alguns elementos que são importantes na dinâmica de funcionamento do mercado de trabalho local.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A dinâmica dos sistemas de produção, as estratégias de intensificação e o papel da tecnologia de mulch na economia familiar
(2004-06) FIGUEIREDO, Raul Batista de; HURTIENNE, Thomas Peter
Family agriculture in Cumaru, northeast of the State of Pará, established through spontaneous settlements, is a dynamic agriculture, formed through an internal development process and the migration of individuals from the northeast of Brazil. Our study evaluates the use of non-burning techniques in the development of production systems, analyzing the evolution of family establishments in Cumaru, their intensification strategy, and most particularly, the role of mulching and enrichment in family economies.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmica socioeconômica e desmatamento na Amazônia
(2005-12) CASTRO, Edna Maria Ramos de
This text shows the importance to understanding the rationality of actors and the motivation, both of individuals and groups, which show the main causes of the advance of the economic activities and of deforestation. This is revealed in the analysis of socio-spatial strategies and the main social actors and economic agents present in new frontier areas. It reveals the present mechanisms in the relation between the interests of the economic agents and the political processes. It examines how networks are built to integrate the local and the globe, defining the tendencies to the globalized market action in the region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Dinâmicas sub-regionais e expressões metropolitanas na Amazônia brasileira: olhares em perspectiva
(2014-06) VELOSO, Tiago; TRINDADE JÚNIOR, Saint-Clair Cordeiro da
Amongst the elements that mark the urban phenomenon in the Amazon, it is highlighted the process of metropolization of big cities. Such a process, however, is not necessarily characterized by what could reveal a possible particularity in a macro-regional level. The configuration of an economical boundary that spreads in an unequal and differential rate in the Amazon inland is also responsible for the formation of distinct sub-regions. The metropolis that have been established there are product, condition and way to this movement of differentiation that may be exemplified by the agglomerations of Belém, Manaus and São Luis which integrate the Amazon regional complex. Considering, amongst other elements, the relationships that they have with the region and the form of their institutionalization, it is aimed to show the importance and significance of these metropolitan formations as for the differentiated processes of production of space that are happening in such a region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do conceito de fertilidade ao de sustentabilidade
(1999-12) GUERRA, Gutemberg Armando Diniz; MENEZES, Maria de Nazaré Angelo
A partir de uma reflexão sobre o conceito de fertilidade do solo, discute-se neste artigo a adequação dos conceitos aos seus contextos históricos. Tendo-se chegado à uma crítica dos paradigmas agronômicos desde o final da década de 70, verifica-se a utilização corrente dos mesmos conceitos em boa parte da literatura atual. Novas contribuições para a criação de novos métodos e práticas agrícolas adequados aos conhecimentos atuais sobre a relação homem natureza vêm sendo acrescentadas ao estoque de conhecimentos produzidos e referenciados desde aquele período. O discurso ecológico e ambientalista ganha peso e estrutura-se consolidando-se nos diversos aspectos da vida moderna e em particular nas formas de praticar a agricultura. Recorre-se a estudos históricos para refletir o que de fato ocorreu nesta região ao longo do tempo de sua ocupação. Na Amazônia, em particular, o uso do- fogo e a noção generalizada de que os solos são pobres vêm sendo recolocados de forma a poder explicar a vigorosa vegetação e fauna ali existente. Ambientalistas militantes da sociedade civil, tanto quanto pesquisadores vinculados aos órgãos governamentais de pesquisa diminuem o fosso existente anteriormente entre eles no que concerne à uma visão sobre as relações sociedade-natureza.