Dissertações em Zoologia (Mestrado) - PPGZOOL/ICB
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2344
O Mestrado Acadêmico foi criado em 1985 e pertence ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia (PPGZOOL) do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) foi consolidado como um convênio entre Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG).
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Ecologia urbana de uma abelha nativa: respostas comportamentais de colônias de uruçu amarela (Melipona flavolineata, Apidae, Meliponini) às variações climáticas em um gradiente de urbanização(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2020-02) GATTY, Dora Carmela Ramirez; VEIGA, Jamille Costa; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2287525928643401; HTTPS://ORCID.ORG/0000-0001-7554-2785; CONTRERA, Felipe Andrés León; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888006271965925; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-5048Urbanization can generate changes in the structure of the environment, also affecting physical- chemical processes. These changes over time have caused the loss of habitats and with them the reduction of populations of stingless bees, which are a group of insects important for the maintenance of ecosystems. Stingless bee populations, unlike the Apis genus, are at risk of reducing their population because they are not very flexible to changes and their possibility of adapting to urbanized areas is very low. For this reason, our study aimed to know the urban ecology of the stingless bee species Melipona flavolineata, measuring their responses in foraging behavior and posture to climatological parameters in environments with different degrees of urbanization (agroforestry-semi- urban and urban). We observed 12 colonies of M. flavolineata for five months. The observations were weekly, alternating internal and external activity. The rate of foraging (weekly average) was evaluated from 7:00 am to 11:00 am (time of greatest foraging) and bees were counted back to the colony, parallel to this process, data of temperature, relative humidity, luminosity and barometric pressure were recorded. The laying rate (weekly average) was assessed for four consecutive days in the corresponding week. The results showed that the climatological parameters had a high variation in the three collection points, affecting the performance of the bees. Barometric pressure and relative humidity had a positive and significant effect on pollen collection. Relative humidity and temperature had a positive and significant effect with the nectar foraging; barometric pressure had a negative, non- significant effect. The laying rate was higher as the relative humidity was added, showing a positive relationship; barometric pressure had a positive, but not significant, effect. The relationships between the foraging rate and the laying rate; as well as the relationship between the pollen foraging rate and the nectar foraging rate, were positive and significant and did not differ between environments, just by the amplitude of the data. Thus, we conclude that the stingless bee M. flavolineata is a species that is not tolerant of completely urbanized areas, and its capacity to adapt to environments with unfavorable environmental conditions is very limited, as its activities are restricted by high climatic variations and probably by the scarcity of food resources. In this sense, it would be good to implement studies of the urban ecology of smaller species, and to add in the studies of responses to climatic factors the barometric pressure parameter which, according to our results, affects the behavior of stingless beesItem Acesso aberto (Open Access) A influência das características funcionais nas propriedades estruturais das redes de interações entre abelhas e plantas e na especialização das espécies(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-05) BRITO, Renata dos Reis; RIBEIRO, Felipe Martello; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7573847493388303; GIANNINI, Tereza Cristina; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5065441638246972; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9830-1204Interaction networks are regulated by several factors, including functional traits, which one can predict network structural properties and also define the interaction partners pairs. The present study aims to evaluate the influence of functional traits on the structural properties of plant-bee networks and species specialization in forest areas of the eastern Amazon. Interaction data were collected at 14 sampling sites in the Carajás National Forest (Pará; Amazon biome). We used the metrics Interaction Diversity (ID) and Interaction Evenness (IE) to describe the network topological structure. The specialization metric d' was used to determine whether species were generalists or specialists. The functional diversity was represented by the following metrics: Functional Dispersion (FDis) and Functional Evenness (FEve). Z-score analyses were performed to assess whether there were differences in the ID and IE metrics considering the 14 networks analyzed. To assess whether and which bee and plant functional traits are associated with specialization, we used linear models for numerical traits and ANOVA for categorical traits. For the assessment of the relationship between ID and IE with functional diversity, we made a selection of linear models corrected for network size, with network metrics as response variables and functional metrics as predictors. We recorded a total of 60 bee species visiting 74 plant species. Our results showed that there was no significant difference in the ID and IE metrics between the sampling sites. This indicates that the diversity and evenness of interactions did not vary between sampling sites. The species Borreria ocymifolia (Roem. & Schult.) Bacigalupo & E.L.Cabral has on average low values of specialization d'. It is also the most common plant, occurring in 11 of the 14 sampled sites. Another six more common plant species that were identified also have on average low values of specialization d', which may be an indication of opportunistic partner selection in comparison to other species in the networks. The species Trigona guianae Cockerell, 1910 has an average value of specialization d'. It is also the most common bee, occurring at all sampled sites. Functional traits were not related to the specialization d' of either plants or bees. Functional dispersal of plants was positively related to interaction diversity in this study, suggesting that plant communities are functionally more unique. Network size was also positively related to interaction diversity. In conclusion, it is important to consider the diversity and species functions of bee-plant interaction networks to understand the ecology of these relationships.