Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG
URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/9341
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Navegando Teses em Ciências Ambientais (Doutorado) - PPGCA/IG por Assunto "Ambiente urbano"
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Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Dinâmicas socioambientais associadas as ocorrências de febre chikungunya no município de Belém do Pará.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-09-09) SILVA, Jaqueline Portal da; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609Chikungunya fever (CHIKF) is an arbovirus caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). Its transmission occurs through the bite of female Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus mosquitoes infected with CHIKV. The signs and symptoms of CHIKF are similar to those of dengue, however the main clinical manifestation that differs from it is the involvement of joints such as the joints of the wrists, ankles and elbows causing severe pain inflammation accompanied by swelling, redness and local heat. The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of income, population density, sanitation and climate variables on CHIKF occurrences. The study was conducted from 2016 to 2018, with application area in the municipality of Belém (PA). The variables were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, from which the mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, median, minimum and maximum were determined. The normalities of the variables were tested to define by using parametric or nonparametric correlation tests. Linear regression analysis was performed for variables with statistical significance. Spatial analysis identified the expansion of the disease in the municipality over the period analyzed. As well as outbreaks of high concentration and maintenance of the disease were identified in certain neighborhoods. For socioeconomic variables, Pearson's correlation identified an association between CHIKF and the demographic density variable in 2017, which resulted in a weak but significant linear regression. Significant correlations were identified for indicators of quantity and regularity of water supply, solid waste collection and level of access to sanitation services. While the temperature and precipitation variables in 2016, presented respectively positive and weak association and negative and weak association in relation to CHIKF. The results of this research showed that the urban area of the municipality of Belém (PA), Brazilian Amazon, has significant natural and anthropic elements for the insertion of active transmission foci of Chikungunya fever.Item Acesso aberto (Open Access) Qualidade ambiental da área urbana do município de Belém/PA: o desafio de mensurar.(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2019-06-21) NUNES, Lana Patrícia Martins; LIMA, Aline Maria Meiguins de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6572852379381594; PIMENTEL, Márcia Aparecida da Silva; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3994635795557609The accelerated and disorderly growth of cities has not been accompanied by the growth and improvement of urban infrastructure, which contribute decisively to the quality of life of its inhabitants. Studies on the urban environment reveal that the urbanization process generates impacts, both environmental and social, however these impacts can be avoided or at least minimized through an effective planning process. For this reason, the great challenge of urban planning bodies is to understand the functioning of the urban environment and provide the right conditions for communities to develop sustainably, seeking a balance between quality of life and preservation of the environment. In this sense, studies that deal with the reality of environmental quality in urban ecosystems are of fundamental importance to support planning policies and more efficient land management. This research aims to evaluate the environmental quality in the urban area of the municipality of Belém / PA, one of the municipalities of the northern region of the country that presents, in population terms, large extensions of subnormal clusters and highlights in the real estate scenario, with characteristics similar to many Brazilian cities. To evaluate the environmental quality, the methodological procedures developed by Borja (1998) and Kawakubo et. al., (2005) were used, using environmental and infrastructure indicators (water supply, sanitary sewage, urban cleaning, flooding, noise pollution and cover (SIPAM, CIOP, SESAN, IBGE, etc.) for the construction of a synthetic index of environmental quality.In order to observe stratifications between the districts, environmental quality charts and basic indexes were developed using Arcgis software. The perception of the residents was also investigated through structured questionnaires whose items correspond to the same indicators selected in the objective data. In order to observe possible contrast between the objective and subjective data an index of environmental perception was constructed using the same methodological precepts for the construction of the objective data and their respective spatialization. The data show that although the results point to a sufficient level of environmental quality, residents are dissatisfied with the infrastructure and quality of the environment.