Dissertações em Ciência Animal (Mestrado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/2337

O Mestrado em Ciência Animal teve início em 1999 junto à CAPES/MEC e funciona no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal (PPGCAN) do Campus Universitário de Castanhal (CCAST) da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) e Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA).

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação da torta de dendê na dieta de caititus (Pecari tajacu) criados em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011-07-08) COSTA, Jociel Ferreira; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
The commercial breeding of collared peccary (Pecari tajacu) has awakened interest in farmers due to the demand for its meat consumption and industrial use of byproducts such as leather. However, the highest cost of production of this species in captivity are the expenses on food. In this context, the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis), a fibrous byproduct extracted from the fruit nut, has a low cost and high availability in Pará State, Brazil, thus it’s possible to be used in the animal diet. Considering this, the aim of this study was to test the efficiency of the palm kernel cake inclusion in diets for collared peccaries in replacement of wheat bran, checking their weight gain, feed intake, carcass and non-components of carcass characteristics. For that, the effect of increasing levels of palm kernel cake inclusion with 0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5% in diets offered to the animals were analyzed. The experiment was conducted at Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation – Embrapa Eastern Amazon Region in 12 experimental stalls (12m2), using 40 male collared peccaries in finishing phase. Two animals were housed in each stall, in which they were given the corresponding treatment feed. Each enclosure served as an experimental unit, plus the stalls and their respective treatments were defined by drawing lots. The animals were divided according to weight and age, using a randomized block design. After the nutritional experiment the animals were slaughtered in a commercial slaughterhouse for pigs. According to the treatments used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), average daily gain (ADG) was 46.85g, 26.83g, 36.10g and 52.13g and daily feed intake was 437.68g, 440.27g, 436.54, 436.25g respectively. The animals gained more weight as the inclusion of palm kernel cake increased in their diet, although the significant difference (p<0.05) was only observed in T7,5% compared to T0% and T22%. For each treatment used (0%, 7.5%, 15% and 22.5%), carcass dressing percentage was 59.54%, 56.63%, 56.58%, 62.07%, and ham percentage 31.61%, 33.58%, 30.16% and 35.57%, respectively, without significant difference (p>0.05). Although there was no significant difference between the treatments used in both variables, there was an increase tendency of 4% and 12% for carcass dressing percentage and ham percentage, respectively, in T22, 5% when compared to T0%. Live weight, fasting weight, hot carcass, carcass length, blood, head, skin, organs, paws and commercial cuts were not influenced by the levels of palm kernel cake inclusion (p>0,05). The results suggest the inclusion to the level of 22%, of palm kernel cake in the collared peccary feed, in replacement of wheat bran, without any harms of animal performance.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação do ganho de peso e aspectos reprodutivos de primíparas zebuínas suplementadas com uréia no período seco
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2009) CARDOSO, Robson Pinto; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236
This study aimed to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of cow cutting, supplemented with urea in the dry season. We used 58 females Tabapuã x Nellore crossbred, pregnant, with a mean age of 39 months and average weight of 399 kg. The worm and experimental animals were divided into two groups, in an area of 50 ha of grass Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu, with 25 ha for each group, one group (A) supplemented with mineral and another (B) with mineral enriched with urea, the ratio of 80:20 (salt: urea). During the months of August-November, when most of the year in the dry, the grass had on average 5,800 kg of dry matter per hectare to 6.2% crude protein. These mixtures were administered in mineral cochos covered in order to meet ad libitum consumption during the dry period. The experimental design was completely randomized to two treatments. Difference was observed for final body weight (PVF) between the treatment with salt and mineral supplementation with urea, with average values of 360.1 kg and 385.8 kg, respectively. Difference was also observed for average daily gain, with an average of 0.465 kg/an/day for the treated group and 0.284 kg/an/day for the control group, postpartum with a gain of 41.2 and 26.5 kg/animal, respectively. The best performance of the supplemented animals should be related to the increase in dry matter intake promoted by supplementation with urea (12.610 kg to 8.744 kg). The best body growth (weight and body score) to the beginning of the amounts reflected in the expression of heat these animals, whereas 75% of cows supplemented with urea had expressed estrus during the first 60 days from the amounts to only 53, 33% of nonsupplemented. When we evaluated the whole period from the mount was not observed difference between the expression of estrus in females supplemented or not, a fact related to good body score submitted by the end of the animal to mount, 3.7 in females supplemented and 2, 9 in non-supplemented.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação nutricional da torta de dendê para suplementação de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2006) COSTA, Dayana Alves da; CAMARÃO, Ari Pinheiro; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1649891765946593; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
The study was carried out at the Eastern Amazon Research Center of Embrapa, in Belem, Para State, Brazil (1º28'S 48º27'W of Greenwich), with the objective of evaluate the influence of the addition of the palm kernel cake (Elaeis guineensis) as alternative feed supplementation of ruminants, in the critical periods of forage production of in the Amazon Eastern. The nutritional characteristics of palm kernel cake was determined during twenty one days, using sixteen sheep, in individual metabolic cage, distributed in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four replications. The experimental rations (T1, T2, T3 and T4) contained Brachiaria humidicola and palm kernel cake, at four levels (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%). The consumption of dry matter (g/day) and % of live weight were 666.6 and 2.5; 686.9 and 2.4; 649.4 and 2.4; e 540.9 and 2.0, of organic matter 706.5; 710.8; 708.1 and 632.3 g/day, and of crude protein 37.3; 42.9; 58.7 and 56.4 g/day. The fiber in neutral detergent consumption in g/day, were 584.7; 583.5; 565.2 and 527.0. The coefficients of digestibility were 50.3; 47.8; 52.3; and 55.2%, in dry matter basis, and 50.8; 49.6; 53.5; and 56.3%, in organic matter basis, and the crude protein contents were 48.0; 38.7; 66.8; 69.4%, in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The palm kernel cake shows good feeding potential, with high dry matter and good nutritional value, being considered as an alternative for feeding supplementation for ruminants, mainly at the level of 30%, and allows greater consumption and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, with adequate supplement of energy.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Cinética de fermentação e parâmetros ruminais de animais alimentados com dietas contendo níveis de inclusão de torta da amêndoa de castanha-do-pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-02-25) BUDEL, Juliana Cristina de Castro; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; SOUSA, Luciano Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4653514398045610; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
The fermentation kinetics and effective degradability (ED) brazil’s nut (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) - (BN) were evaluated in the proportions 0 (control), 15, 30, 45, 60 and 100% dry matter in substitution of corn silage (CS) by in vitro gas production in the times 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. The experimental design for the gas production was in randomized blocks with six treatments, three blocks and two repetitions per block. To estimate of ruminal kinetics fermentation parameters of each treatment, the model of France et al. (1993) was fitted to the data. In in vivo experiment, we evaluated the ruminal parameters of sheep fed 0, 15, 30 and 45% (MS) TAC, and corn silage. The rumen fluid collections to determine the concentration of SCFA, pH and N-NH3 were held at 08h00, before the diet supply, and at 10h00, 12h00, 14h00, 16h00 and 18h00, post-prandial. The design was completely randomized with repeated measures, with four treatments and three replications. The variables results: acetate, propionate, butyrate, acetate: propionate ratio, pH and NH3 were subjected to analysis of variance and regression (linear and quadratic) considering treatment time and the interaction of both. We used the F test, with significance level of 5% (P<0.05). The standard kinetic fermentation and ED was declining linear (P<0.05), reducing total gas production at each level of coproduct addition. There was no significant interaction between treatment vs time for all SCFA variables (P>0.40), acetic acid (P>0.41), propionic (P>0.85), butyric acid (P>0.62) and pH (P>0.57). There was also effect on the total concentration of SCFA (P>0.75) nor in acetic acid (P>0.07) among the treatments. The concentration of propionic and butyric acids mMol/100ml of ruminal fluid reduced (P<0.001) (p<0.022) with the addition of 45% DM TAC. The highest concentrations in the measurement times were observed 4 hours after feeding. The pH values showed a quadratic effect both inclusion (P<0.001) and time (P<0.001). There was interaction (P <0.001) between treatment vs time NH3-N (mg/ml) concentration and the ratio of acetic: propionic acid (P<0.014). It is recommended the use of the TAC, at levels equal to or less than 30%, combined with different carbohydrate sources.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Consumo, digestibilidade dos nutrientes e comportamento ingestivo, em ovinos sob dieta com níveis de inclusão de farelo de dendê (Elaeis guineenses)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014) PINHO, Bianca Damasceno; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of increasing levels of palm kernel meal (Elais guineensis) - PKM, at levels of 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60% in total dry matter of the diet in place of corn silage on voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility and intake behavior in sheep. 20 females were used, with an average of 35 kg, kept in individual metabolic cages that received the diet in two meals, 8h and 17h, distributed in a completely randomized design in five treatments and four replications. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Eastern Amazon, Belem, Para State, Brazil, for 30 days, of which 21 adaptation and facilities, five days of data collection for determination of intake and digestibility of nutrients, and four days of evaluation of behavior pet chewing. Increased linearly (P> 0.05) were observed in the intakes of all nutrients except EE and NFC, which had no effect (P> 0.05), depending on the levels of PKM in the diet.. A quadratic effect (P <0.05) on the apparent digestibility values, with maximum levels of 31% to 40.4% inclusion of PKM in the diet, except for the digestibility of EE (EEDC) and digestibility of NFC (CDCNF), which had no effect (P> 0.05). The animals reduced feeding time and increased the time fired in idleness, with a maximum of 14 hours / day, with the inclusion of 37.62% of PKM. The number of ruminated boli per day were not affected by dietary levels of PKM, while rumination time for cake quadractricaly, with a minimum value of 44.37/second, at the level of 35.19% of PKM. The number of chews (NMM) quadractricaly, with estimated minimum values of 51.16 MM / MM cake and 32,002.44 / day, respectively, 33.68% and 35.06% inclusion by product. The dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) were influenced by dietary levels of PKM, which caused changes in feeding efficiency and rumination (eg MS g NDF / hour) and rumination (eg MS g NDF/cake). The inclusion of PKM increases the consumption of the diet DM, improved eating behavior, their use is recommended until the level of 40% in the diet, which does not compromise nutrient digestibility.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeitos de dietas suplementadas com vitamina e sobre o crescimento, eficiência alimentar e parâmetros hematológicos e fisiológicos do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (CUVIER, 1818)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016) ALVES, Adriana Xavier; SILVA, Evaldo Martins da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6649371901290988; VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497651649653210
The vitamin E inclusion in fish food is related to improvements in in growth performance and nonspecific immune response for different species. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different vitamin E levels (DL acetate-α-tocopherol, 50% active) on productive performance, hematological variables, hematometric index and physiological parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fingerlings. A total of 150 fishes with an average weight of 2.94 ± 0.14 g and initial average standard length of 4.29 ± 0.07 cm were distributed in aquariums (300 L) in water recirculation system, temperature of 27.13 ± 0.45 ºC, pH 7.16 ± 0.45, dissolved oxygen 7.15 ± 0.88 mg L-1, electronical conductivity 0.142 ± 0.05 (μs cm-1); ammonia 0.00 ± 0.00 (ppm) and nitrite 0.19 ± 0.25 mg L-1. The stocking density was 10 fishes per experimental unity. The inclusion levels of α-tocopherol in the diet were 0, 250, 700 and 1,000 mg kg-1. Thus, was used a completely randomized design with five treatments and three repetitions, where the fishes were fed three times a day during 90 days. The results indicate that the different vitamin E levels did not affect the productive performance of tambaqui fingerlings. However, the inclusion of 1,000 mg kg-1 of α-tocopherol reduced (P<0.05) the glucose amount in comparison to the supplemented treatments with 0 and with 250 mg kg-1. The hematocrit, total protein, erythrocytes number and hematometric index of tambaqui fingerlings were not affected (P>0.05) by α-tocopherol supplementation. In differential leukocyte count, there was no significant difference of lymphocyte number, monocytes and basophiles. However, the neutrophil number was greater in the control treatment (P>0.05), while eosinophil and specials granulocytic cells were better than control treatment (P<0.05), while the eosinophils number was special granulocytic cells was higher than treatments with 700 mg kg-1 and 250 mg kg-1 of α-tocopherol, respectively. Although vitamin E supplementation in the diet did not influence the productive performance of tambaqui fingerlings, the fishes fed diet nonsupplemented showed increased of neutrophils number, demonstrating greater susceptibility of these fishes to inflammation process.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Exigência de proteína bruta na dieta de alevinos e juvenis do ornamental Amazônico acará severo (Heros severus) (Heckel, 1840)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2016-07-21) SOUSA, Jonathan Alves de; VERAS, Galileu Crovatto; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4497651649653210; COSTA, Rauquírio André Albuquerque Marinho da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4504677939464624
Aquaculture is the practice of create a controlled manner aquatic organisms and is divided into two segments: food and ornamental purposes. Among the contributing organisms to the diversity of Brazilian Amazon ornamental fish fauna, it is severum (Heros severus). When bred in captivity, accepts all kinds of feed industrialized, nevertheless, are still unknown the nutritional requirements for species, including the protein requirement. There were two experiments in order to evaluate the requirement of crude protein (CP) in the fingerlings diet and juvenile Heros severus. In both experiments was test five isocaloric diets (3,200 kcal DE / kg) with five levels of CP (28, 32, 36, 40 and 44% CP). In the experiments, 75 fingerlings and 100 juveniles were distributed in 15 and 20 aquariums with a volume of 30L and 50L, respectively, in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three and four replications, respectively, and the aquarium the experimental unit. During 105 days, the fingerlings and juveniles were fed at a rate of 10 and 3% of body weight three and twice daily, respectively. There wasn’t significant effect of CP levels in the diet on survival, hepatossomatic index, viscerossomatic and moisture body for fingerlings (P>0.05). There quadratic effect of weight gain, length, specific growth rate, feed intake and feed conversion with increasing dietary crude protein levels (P<0.05), estimating values 41.86; 40.42, 41.29; 39.60; 43.54% CP, respectively. There was quadratic effect of body protein, lipid and ash body, with increasing levels of crude protein diet, estimating values 40.64; 37.77 and 37.50% CP, respectively. There was not significant effect of dietary protein levels on the survival of juveniles (P>0.05). It was observed quadratic effect of weight gain, specific growth rate, feed conversion, protein efficiency rate and hepatossomatic rate of juveniles (P<0.05), estimating values of 37.03; 37.20; 35.13; 35.85; 38.78% CP, respectively. The feed intake showed a linear increase (P<0.05) with increased levels of dietary protein. There was a linear decrease (P<0.05) viscerossomatic rate with increasing levels of dietary protein. Blood glucose and hematocrit showed lower values (P<0.05) in fish fed diet with lower content protein. Based on performance, efficient use of nutrients and body condition indices fingerlings and juveniles of severum, estimated levels from 37.77 to 43.54% and from 34.74 to 38.78% CP, respectively.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Farelo de dendê como aditivo sequestrante de umidade na silagem de capim-elefante
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-12) SANTOS, Ivan Alberto Palheta; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330113577933018; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749
The objective of this work to review existing literature on the use of additives sequestering moisture, as well as the use of palm kernel meal as a additive for elephant-grass silage, after that, there was a scientific experiment in which we evaluated the effect of adding bran oil palm as an wet kidnapper additive in elephantgrass silage. The chemical qualitative and fermentation were analyzed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications, where the averages of the results of days of closing and opening were analyzed by regression analysis. In the aerobic stability analysis was employed subdivided plots, so that the treatments were randomized in plots and the evaluation times in the subplots. Samples were collected at the time of ensiling and after 190 days of storage for evaluation of dry matter, crude protein, carbohydrates (total, non-fibrous, watersoluble, cellulose and hemicellulose), mineral material, lignin and lipids. In the days aerobic samples were collected for pH, nitrogen for ammonia, fungi and yeasts. The elephant grass this experiment showed values of 13.9% DM and 8.25% CP while the FD has 77.2% DM and 16.9% CP. The inclusion of FD had a direct influence on the populations of fungi and yeasts during the aerobic stability, the higher the dose, the less proliferation as a result, the values of pH and NH3-N also showed similar behavior. The inclusion of bran Palm at doses in the range of 10% to 15% can be used in silage of elephant, inhibiting undesired fermentation and making them more stable, doses above this value may affect the nutritive value of silage by high lignin content of the additive.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Métodos e tempo de armazenamento sobre as características das plantas de cana de açúcar para alimentação animal
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-05-20) FONSECA, Felipe Tameirão; DOMINGUES, Felipe Nogueira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1461187309835749; BERNARDES, Thiago Fernandes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9614321233731548
This study determined the effects of methods and storage periods on characteristics of sugarcane for feeding ruminants. Two experiments were carried out to test plants of sugarcane with or without leaves (only stalks) during six storage times (0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 days). A split-plot design was used. Treatments and time were considered main and sub-plot, respectively. The chemical, microbiological and physical characteristics were determined. Removal of leaves decreased dry matter, fibre (NDF) and dry matter losses (DML) for both experiments. The times influenced carbon balance (fluxes of photosynthesis and respiration), increasing respiration on second day of storage. The DML were also influenced by times, especially when leaves were removed. Overall, sugarcane plants can be storage at shed to avoid daily harvest. Storing only stalks is the best method. Stalks can be stored for a period of six days.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Níveis de cálcio e fósforo na dieta de muçuã Kinosternon scorpioides (LINNAEUS, 1766) em diferentes fases de criação em cativeiro
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-23) FERNANDES NETO, Dário Lisboa; MARQUES, José Ribamar Felipe; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0104908318773676; GUIMARÃES, Diva Anelie de Araújo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2891287458034896
In the Amazon, the chelonian consumption is much more than a simple way to obtain meat or protein; it is also a part of culture. The captive breeding on a commercial basis is essential to oppose poaching and thus prevent the extinction of species. A greater Knowledge of nutritional requirements, regarding to minerals, can serve as a basis to formulate diets for turtles, as alternatives to correct deficiencies of these compounds in the feed provided in captivity. Therefore this study aimed to determine the calcium levels in the initial phase and growth and the relationship between calcium and phosphorus levels in adult phase of muçuãs (Kinosternon scorpioides). In the initial phase and growth the experimental design was fully randomized, with five levels of calcium (4.7, 5.2, 5.7, 6.2 e 6.7%), with phosphorus in 3%, with three repetitions, containing 4 and 2 animals per experimental unit, respectively. In the adult phase, the experimental design was fully randomized in factorial scheme 5x3, five levels of calcium (5.0, 5.7, 6.4, 7.1 e 7.7%) and three levels of Phosphorus (2.6, 3.0, e 3.4 %), with three repetitions containing three animals per experimental unit. The animals were submitted to weighing and biometrics fortnightly. The data were analyzed using regression analysis by response surface. In the initial phase the variation in calcium levels did not influence the variables response, being absorbed and diverted to the strengthening of the bony parts. In the growth phase, the absorbed calcium was destined to corporal development of muçuãs, recommending the levels of 5.7% Calcium (Ca) with 3.0% of Phosphorus (P). Confirmed the Calcium and Phosphorus relation maintaining the best performance at the levels of 1,92 ± 0,26 to 2.08 ± 0,18 Ca:P, it was recommended level of 5,0% Ca e 2,6% P in the adult phase. This study is pioneer to determine levels of minerals in the diet of the species Kinosternon scorpioides bred in captivity, making up necessary more researches to determine others nutritional requirements of these animals, encouraging and enabling its commercial creation.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Óleo de fritura residual na alimentação de ovinos: consumo e digestibilidade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-27) OLIVEIRA, Cristiane do Socorro Barros de; RÊGO, Aníbal Coutinho do; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4330113577933018; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inclusion of residual frying oil consumption and digestibility of dry matter and nutrients in the diet and nitrogen balance. In consumption test and the apparent digestibility was used 20 Santa Inês lambs, with an average age of 90 days and average body weight of 19.29±3.17 kg, in a completely randomized design. The experimental period lasted 19 days, 14 days of adaptation and five total collection of the diets fed, orts, feces and urine. The total collection of feces was performed on plastic collectors and weighed daily. Urine was collected in plastic buckets and added daily in collectors hydrochloric acid 10%. The animals were housed in individual metabolic cages and fed twice daily with diets based on roughage and concentrate (50:50), while residual oil was included in the diet at concentrations of 0; 2; 4; 6 to 8% of the dry matter of the concentrate. The addition of the residual frying oil had no significant effect (p>0.05) on dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), detergent fiber acid (FDA), total carbohydrate (TC), non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC). However, consumption of lipids (EEC) increased linearly with the inclusion of oil in the concentrate, Y=0.0244 + 0,0051X (p<0.01). Also, there was no effect on the digestibility of DM, CP, OM, NDF, ADF, CNF and TCHO and nitrogen balance. The digestibility of EE increased linearly with the addition of oil in the diet, Y = 83.68 + 1,66X (p<0.01). The inclusion of the residual frying oil in the diet of sheep, in the inclusion of up to 8% of dry matter in the concentrate can be used without damage to the intake and digestibility of nutrients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Óleo de palma na alimentação de ovinos, degradabilidade ruminal e digestibilidade aparente
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) MORAIS, Eziquiel de; ÁVILA, Sandra Cristina de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9683521652094464; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420
The effects of including increasing levels of palm oil on the in situ ruminal degradability parameters of nutrients, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (FDA) of elephant grass silage, and the apparent digestibility of DM, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and ethereal extract (EE) in experimental ovine diets were studied. The following treatments were tested: including palm oil at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 g/kg DM of the total diet. The diets were made up of elephant grass silage and concentrate based on corn, soy meal, and mineral mix. The palm oil was mixed to the concentrate to facilitate its distribution, with a 1:1 roughage:concentrate ratio maintained with formulations that were isoproteic and isofibrous, but not isoenergetic, offered at a ratio of 1.5% of the live weight (restricted intake). No significant (P>0.05) similarities were found in the ruminal degradation variables assessed with the inclusion of up to 75 g oil/kg DM. The apparent digestibility of organic matter suffered a linear reduction, an effect contrary to what was observed for EE, whose apparent digestibility showed a linear increase. The digestibility of the other nutrients was not impacted by including palm oil in the diet, which suggests this lipid source can be used at levels above the recommendations for including free fat in ruminant diets.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Perfil da nutrição mineral dos rebanhos leiteiros, na microrregião de Castanhal e no município de Uruará, Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2002-12-10) MANESCHY, Rosana Quaresma; CARDOSO, Elyzabeth da Cruz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8805703740727765
This study is part of a research project entitled “Sustentability of milk cattle production into the agriculture family systems in the Amazon eastern region” developed by Embrapa with objective to evaluate problems envolving small and medium farms in the micro-region of Castanhal (local 1) and in the county of Uruará (local 2), State of Para, Brazil. The objectives of this research were define the features and effected the mineral supplementation, analyze the mineral content of forage (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) planted in two different regions during the dry and rainy season of the year and identified the practical factors of restriction of mineral nutrition management used by farmers. There were developed two studies, in the first were study the localities using the questionnaire/interview methodology when defined the features that define the mineral supplementation used in the both locals. The dates gotten by questionnaire/interview permited obtain twenty-two important variables that were grouped in four main groups to characterize the practical management of mineral supplementation used in the two different locals. There was used descriptive statistic and the Qui-square test at 5% of probability for determination of the degree of significance when the different locals variables were compared. In the second study the pastures (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) in two locals samples of forage were harvested in two different periods of the year, end of dry season (November of 1998) and end of rainy season (June of 1999) with objective to analyses the calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), cupper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mg) and cobalt (Co). A casual randomized design was used to compare the regions (local 1 and local 2) and for seasons (dry and rainy) was used a sub-plots design. The variance analyses was carried by the method of minimum square and the test of Fisher (F) was used to obtain the significance considering 5% as probability of effect. The Tukey’s test was used to compared the medium values. That was observed for both properties a high cost of mineral mixture used by farmers and this means an important significance in the economic costs for cows during the lactation period. In the local 1, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu did not attempt the P, Na, Cu and Zn requirements for dairy cows during the lactation period and this is an indicative to procedure the mineral supplementation in a mineral feeder. The milk production is important for the economy of this region and farmers have problems to understand how in important supply different mineral mixtures for animals in different stages of production. Particularly in this micro-region was observed low concentration of P in the forage during the rainy season and this observation disagree from the other experiments concluded in this region, and can be an important problem during this period when the forage is more available and the level of protein and energy in the animal diet is high than an more intensive P imbalance can be present and this evidence is one more important feature responsible for low productivity of livestock. In the local 2, Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu did not attempt the P, Na and Cu requirements proposed by NRC (1996) for beef cattle, cows during the lactation period what indicated the importance to procedure the mineral supplementation in a mineral feeder. In this region was observed a low intake of mineral supplement and the condition of mineral feeder was neglected. The location of mineral feeder inside the enclosure, the limitation of animal access permited only during the milking activities were problems that indicated the reason to low intake of mineral supplement by cows. It was indicated a change of this management for one system that provide the mineral supplementation as the cows requirement. The main anormality frequency observed was abnormal appetite that was characterized when another problems were related which ould be characterized in reproduction problems, loss of appetite, bone abnormalities, and low body weight of the animals. These problems were more intensive when clinical deficiency of P and Cu were suggested.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Valor nutritivo da leguminosa Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth como alternativa na suplementação alimentar de ruminantes na Amazônia Oriental
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2007-12-07) MONTEIRO, Edwana Mara Moreira; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
This work was realized in the Animal Research Unit "Senator Alvaro Adolpho" in the Embrapa Eastern Amazon, in Belem, Para State, to evaluate the effect of four levels of substitution (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of the Pueraria phaseoloides (Roxb.) Benth leguminous, in the voluntary consumption and apparent digestibility of the dry substance (MS), crude protein (PB), crude energy (EB), detergent neutral fiber (FDN) and acid detergent fiber (FDA). The experiment was of 14 days of adaptation and seven days of experimental period, using sixteen sheep’s, of ten months and 28 (± 2,44) average of kg, in a completely randomized experimental design, with four treatments and four repetitions. The data had been analyzed by software SAS. The substitution of the quicuio-da-Amazônia for the pueraria in the diet influenced the voluntary consumption and the apparent digestibility of all the nutrients, being described for quadratic function. A quadratic increase in the apparent consumptions of the FDN was evidenced and FDA, however, with increase of the level of leguminous in the diet, had been observed significant reductions in the FDN text when the 75% level was supplied. The use of the Pueraria phaseoloides leguminous, provides to greater availability of dry substance in the fodder plant and rise of the nutritional value, mainly, protein in the diet, promoting increase of the animal productivity. Levels of substitution of P. Phaseoloides, around 100%, make possible greater consumption of the dry substance, organic substance, PB and EB, while that, the 75% level allows to greater consumption of the fibroses fractions.
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Valor nutritivo da torta de castanha-do-pará (Bertholletia excelsa Bonpl.) para alimentação de ruminantes
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-02-28) RAMOS, Aline Fernanda Oliveira; SILVA, André Guimarães Maciel e; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940750096354420; FATURI, Cristian; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8389692203753236; LOURENÇO JÚNIOR, José de Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2919433679918544
Nutrition is one of the most important links of the production process, either by the costs involved or by establishing the efficiency and productivity of the animal. At the same time the brazilian agricultural industry lies in the expansion with the use of oil, especially in the cosmetic and biodiesel sector, which generates waste due to obtain oil process. Thus, the use of these by-products in animal feed is an alternative for both activities, since for livestock food option means good availability and low cost, and for agribusiness means reducing accumulation and inadequate destinations of their waste. Before using a new food in feed formulations, experimental measurements are necessary to determine the chemical composition and evaluate the responses of animals that received the new the ingredient in its diets, as the voluntary intake, nutrient digestibility and animal’s behavior, which is important to complement and strengthen the nutritional data, especially because they represent the effects of the quality of food in the digestive activities. Thus, the byproduct of the processing of the almond brazilian nut and its effects on voluntary intake, digestibility and feeding behavior displayed by sheep fed with increasing levels of inclusion, 0, 15, 30 and 60% in the diet based on corn silage were assessed. Sixteen males lambs, uncastrated at 33 kg average were used, kept in individual metabolic cages, which received the diet in two meals, at 8a.m and 6p.m, with the offer set to allow 15% on the remains. Samples of the remains and feaces were collected and analyzed to determine the consumption and digestibility of nutrients. For four days the animals intake behavior were evaluated in relation to their activities of feeding, ruminating and idling, occurrences and duration of ruminated bolus and rumination chewing, and the efficiency of feeding and ruminating. The Brazil’s nut (BN) is a by-product with potential for ruminant nutrition, with considerable amounts of proteins and lipids, but due to its high content of ether extract in inclusion levels higher than 16.3% of the maize diet, affect rumen fermentation, especially fiber digestibility, the dry matter intake and the ruminating time in the animals.

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Navegando Dissertações em Ciência Animal (Mestrado) - PPGCAN/Castanhal por Assunto "Alimentação e rações"