Dissertações em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (Mestrado) - PPGAU/ITEC

URI Permanente para esta coleçãohttps://repositorio.ufpa.br/handle/2011/4463

O Mestrado em Arquitetura e Urbanismo está inserido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Arquitetura e Urbanismo (PPGAU), da Universidade Federal do Pará. É um curso ministrado sobre a responsabilidade do Instituto de Tecnologia (ITEC) da UFPA.

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Agora exibindo 1 - 11 de 11

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Análise do desempenho energético de edificações: aplicação analítica do RTQ-C no Edifício do Ceamazon
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-27) OLIVEIRA, Bruno Gabriel Freitas; FRANCO, Irving Montanar; TOSTES, Maria Emília de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4197618044519148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4254203203850909
One major barrier to economic development is the growing global demand for energy and the consequent increase in the use of natural resources to provide it. Developing countries such as Brazil, showed progressive energy consumption per capita in recent years. Although the majority is from hydroelectric plants (non-polluting sources) its construction causes great environmental impact. Percentage of all energy generated, buildings are responsible for the consumption of approximately 40 % and this percentage is likely to increase by the growth of the construction industry in the country. Regarding the problem, the fight against waste, streamlining and sustainable use of energy consumed by buildings are directly linked to the reduction of environmental impact, delaying the need for increased national energy matrix. In this context is created the Technical Regulation of Quality Level Energy Efficiency Commercial Buildings, and Public Service (RTQ - C). This work consists of a critical application of the RTQ - C using a prescriptive methodology, with the focus aspects of their applicability and evaluation of thermal comfort and luminal, with the premise that the high energy performance of the building is fully achieved only when conditions are guaranteed satisfactory environmental comfort to users. Therefore it was necessary to step thorough data collection and measurements "in situ" of air temperature, radiant temperature, illuminance and relative humidity in two rooms (laboratory of comfort and classroom 2) building the Center of Excellence in Efficiency energy from Amazon - CEAMAZON subsidizing the use of the methodology proposed by Fanger (PMV and PPD), and verification of illuminance levels proposed by NBR 5413. As a result the building showed good performance, but the lack of compliance prerequisites rated with "C" level. A comfort evaluation indicated that approximately 23% of users have had on thermal comfort and the natural ventilation can be used as a strategy to climatic adaptation. Illuminance measurements indicated that only the classroom 2 possessed potential use of natural lighting during the measurement. It was concluded that, despite its importance, the RTQ - C must still pass through a process of adaptation by society and professionals involved in the energy certification of buildings and that during this period changes may be incorporated contributing to make it a effectively valid instrument for ensuring the energy efficiency of buildings in the country.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Argamassas para dessalinização de alvenaria mista de edifício histórico de Belém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) LOUREIRO, Alexandre Máximo Silva; SANJAD, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7501959623721607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8950586647715771
In the historical monuments of Belém structural masonry, along with the foundations and pillars, are responsible for supporting the building (VASCONCELLOS, 1979). These masonry are made of stone and solid bricks with lime mortar setting and can present various pathologies among which stand out the action of salt efflorescence and moisture. These two agents cause detachment of layers, mortar spraying, the appearance of cracks in masonry, and whitish appearance (HENRIQUES, 1994; CHAROLA, 2000). The research has as main objective the identification, characterization and attenuation of salt efflorescence, through study of the masonry of the right transept of the Church of St. Alexandre, located in historic downtown of Belém- PA. For this, laboratory techniques were used in order to understand the favorable process conditions of salt efflorescence, the damage to the materials, the kinds of salts and which materials are effective for desalination. First was the mapping the masonry and mapping damage to verify the current situation and the most degraded areas. Was subsequently performed the physical, chemical and mineralogical characterization: 1) physical characterization by sieve analysis, trace analysis and analysis of the moisture content of the masonry, 2) chemical characterization through qualitative and quantitative testing of salts and 3) characterization mineralogy by X-ray diffraction. The X-ray diffraction was also used to evaluate the efficacy of four types of desalination mortars containing clay (bentonite and kaolin) and sand in different ratios. At the end of the study it was found that the suggested techniques for characterization and mapping of the masonry proved efficient and aided in the correct diagnosis of the existing problem. Moreover, the research showed which kinds of mortar are recommended to desalination of masonry damaged by salt efflorescence.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação através do desempenho térmico de edificação verticalizada em Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-04-01) VINAGRE, Natália Daniele de Lima; PERDIGÃO, Ana Kláudia de Almeida Viana; TOSTES, Maria Emília de Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4197618044519148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9009878908080486
This dissertation studies the thermal performance of materials in a vertical facade building in the city of Belém - PA, Brazil. This work aims to contribute to the study of the thermal performance and efficiency of materials used in residential buildings of the vertical envelopment, between opaque elements, two types of materials currently very used in construction were selected, painting and ceramic coating. It also studies the influence of the height of the building on its thermal performance and energy efficiency. The study was conducted with the use of computational modeling in EnergyPlus code that evaluates the thermal performance of the building, the influence of the height at the same energy efficiency. Compares the thermal performance of the two selected materials, it was found that the ceramic coating presented building with the average internal temperature of 0.42 ° C above the temperature at the building painted, hence less thermal performance. The influence of the height of the floor did not produce a significant variation in internal temperature, because its increase, small decrease occurred in the internal temperature with thermal gradient of about -0.07 º C / m due to the wind speed is greater when more higher the pavement. It is also considered for this study as passive natural ventilation strategy for the building under study, according to the analysis of Bioclimatic chart Givoni contribute positively to the condition of the internal temperature and humidity, and consequently the user.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Avaliação dos níveis de ruído e das soluções arquitetônicas adotadas em ambientes das unidades de urgência e emergência no município de Belém-PA
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-08-30) SOUZA, Mirza Mello; MELO, Gustavo da Silva Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8850986817571748
In large urban centers can be seen that the noise level is so high that it threatens the physical and psychological integrity of the inhabitants. However, it is observed that much of the noise in the hospital environment is originated from within hospital, and one of the main sources of noise in the units is caused by the communication by hospital’s staff and the equipment. The noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) is one of the consequences that loud noise can affect health, among other damage. Thus, the hospital environment should be calm and quiet becomes noisy and stressful environment, increasing anxiety and pain perception in the patient, reducing sleep and extending convalescence. Objective: Evaluate the acoustics of the main environments in units urgency and emergency in the city of Belém, Pará State, Brazil. Check the adequacy of health standards and technical regulations, with the simulation of a pilot ambience validated using the ODEON software and propose virtual solutions from conditioning acoustic. Material and Methods: we used the equipment Sound Level Meter with calibration certificate of the Brazilian Calibration Network (RBC) for measurement of NPS during daytime and nighttime, in accordance with the NBR 10.151 (2000), and the observation and identifying sources of noise environments. Results: The values obtained during the measurements of NPS in environments Hospital were 58 dB(A) to 70 dB(A) and Hospital B were 62 dB(A) to 70 dB(A). The pilot environment was selected according to the results and with the residence time of the health care team and patients. Conclusion: was developed the computational model validated the pilot environment, generating a proposed model with architectural interventions aimed at the acoustic comfort of the health care team and patients. The environments surveyed did not have noise levels above 85 dB (A), proving that there is no risk to occupational health teams. However, the high levels of noise are responsible for stimulating or even trigger a variety of symptoms that affect the working capacity of the health team, in addition to increasing convalescence and impair the recovery of patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Casarões históricos de Santarém: estudo sobre os sobrados e prédios históricos e sua significação dentro da área central da cidade de Santarém
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013) COUTO, Estefany Miléo de; MARQUES, Fernando Luiz Tavares; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0365104813041022
This research presents a study on the houses and historical buildings located in the central area of the city of Santarem in Para, which is the core founder of the city, these studies were performed using tools such as inventory and preservation ethnographic techniques, based on processes performed by organs and institutions of reference in this field, and with IPHAN DPHAC with intent to identify the historical and artistic values revelantes through physical surveys and documentary, in order to rescue the memory and local identity through the preservation of these works architectural, that despite the many influences and changes that have suffered during this process, still represent singular and notable examples of architecture from an era that can only be contemplating in Santarem.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Deterioração das pedras da arquitetura mortuária do cemitério Nossa Senhora da Soledade
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-31) SILVA, Pâmela Anne Bahia Vieira da; ANGÉLICA, Rômulo Simões; SANJAD, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8950586647715771; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7501959623721607
The city of Belém do Pará contains an area that harbors numerous stone monuments which mark and identify the Belém’s 19th century society. This area is the Cemetery of Soledade, which now function as an outdoor museum. Besides the weathering, wich makes stones change constantly, Soledade has suffered with looting and vandalism throughout its more than 150 years of existence. The presence of deterioration on the stones of tombs and mausoleums of the first public cemetery in Belém damages the quality and integrity of the material, interfering negatively in the reading of the spatial image. The Cemetery has been listed as a National Heritage Landscape since 1964 by IPHAN. Considering the importance of conservation and restoration of ancient buildings and monuments to preserve the memory of a society, this research sought to assess the deterioration by weathering and anthropogenic origin in the different stones used in tombs and mausoleums of Cemetery of Soledade. In order to generate subsidies for the conservation and restoration of these stones, the characteristics of rocks used, its state changes and the causes of deterioration were assessed. The analysis and technological investigations allowed for the identification of granite, limestone and marble and for the determination of agents and mechanisms of deterioration such as chemical action, high temperatures and microbiological action. The diagnosis of the conservation condition throrough the mapping of damages based on the Illustrated Glossary on Stone Deterioration Patterns of ICOMOS confirmed the advanced level of the pathological manifestations on the surfaces of stones, which also present lack of internal cohesion and discontinuities according with ultrasound results. To contribute to future conservation actions, restoration procedure tests to clean the monuments such as the polishing and application of bentonite plaster were performed efficiently. The results highlight the urgent need for conservation actions to reduce the rate of deterioration and mitigate the current advanced state of the same. With the data obtained, this study try to be an alert to the the situation of abandonment of the Cemetery of Soledade, promoting the importance of keeping it preserved for future generations.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Do Largo das Mercês à Praça Visconde do Rio Branco: um estudo de gestão do patrimônio histórico em Belém do Pará, 1941-2011
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-27) BORGES, Tatiana Carepa Roffé; FIGUEIREDO, Aldrin Moura de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4671233730699231
From Largo das Mercês to Praça Visconde do Rio Branco: a study of historical heritage management in Belém do Pará, 1941-2011, proposes to conduct an analysis of the management of organ preservation at the local, state and federal in Belém, Pará, from a study on the square and immediate surroundings (houses surrounding it) in order to observe the evolution of the characterization and conservation of the architectural, urban and landscape from the 1940s to the present day. The visual language of this dissertation allows the observation of the changes and continuities that occurred in the square and bounding properties, since the photographic image, as well as other sources and visual objects, is in important historical research tools to identify new objects and new problems and indicating those that remain over the years. It is intended that the analysis of the current characterization of the set, compared with the same configuration at the time of their respective legal protection indicate how the organ preservation’s work is being done to protect the cultural heritage, checking for compatibility criteria and actions, and ownership of the square by society. This study also seeks to diagnose the current problems of the square and the importance of maintenance for the architectural and historical memory of the city Belém.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Hospital D. Luiz I da Benemérita Sociedade Portuguesa Beneficente do Pará como documento/monumento
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2015-04-16) FIGUEIREDO, Cibelly Alessandra Rodrigues; MIRANDA, Cybelle Salvador; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3254198738703536
This research presents the headquarters building of the D. Luiz I Hospital of the Praiseworthy Portuguese and Beneficent Society of Pará, built in 1877, located North of Brazil - in Belém city - as a cultural, material and immaterial identity memory support of the Portuguese immigrant that landed in Belém. The existing relationship between the Hospital’s architecture and the languages of Brazilian Imperial Classicism and Brazil’s Classicism in Portugal are evidenced by the transcontinental and reciprocal dialogue existing between the two Nations. The ethnography, under and anthropological look of the urban relationship mesh, was used as a tool for approaching and data obtainment that provided the recognition of the headquarter building as a historical, architectural and cultural patrimony of the health history in North of Brazil. The memory as a rapturous space of keepsakes and forgetfulness was used as a support to the study as a way to understand History. The patrimonial value connected to the object of study is evidenced by historical, architectural and cultural perspective. Therefore, this dissertation, in conclusive optics, shows factors, evidences and architectural and cultural traces that ratify the characterization of the D. Luiz I Hospital as “Document and Monument”.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mercado de São Brás e seu entorno: tramas e sentidos de um lugar
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-10-29) PANTOJA, Laura Cristina Monte Palma; PONT VIDAL, Celma de Nazaré Chaves de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0782346426511704
This dissertation aims to examine the constitution of the urban history of the built environment of Sao Bras Market in Belem do Para, in the period from 1950 to 1970, an eclectic construction dating from the end of the rubber boom in the Amazon and the management of the Superintendent Antonio Lemos. The market is a monument which belongs to the patrimonial collection of the State and is active nowadays. From the notion of the urban fabric, we established relationships between the architectural and historical facts in order to investigate how they have progressed over time, resulting in a space where architecture contributes to the development of social and business relationships. Assuming that geographical proximity and economic importance of two urban facilities, the Sao Bras Market and the Belem-Bragança Iron Station, have generated a dynamic that attracted other architectures, we investigated the influence of public policies of modernization and progress, which is reflected in the appearance of the built environment and typological relations with the market. Using the methodology of case study and the combinations of interpretive / qualitative history strategies, this paper attempts to present that the intrinsic features of the buildings fulfilled their role and that events in their spaces produced perceptual phenomena in existential place. The public market and its surroundings condense social practices that associated to these phenomena ensure their continuity in the city, given the context of contemporary society.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Restauração do concreto aparente: estudo tecnológico para salvaguarda de edificações com tendências modernistas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-03-21) OLIVEIRA, Djanira Cabral Viégas Borges da Cruz; PAES, Isaura Nazaré Lobato; SANJAD, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8950586647715771; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3432832117667434
Concrete is basically formed by mixed cement, water, sand and stone, and has emerged as a building material to replace wood, stone, brick and even structural steel, but only in the twentieth century its aesthetic beauty was recognized. The modernism appropriated the new constructive technology and its plastic possibilities and splited definitively with the passed styles. Influenced by the schools of Rio and São Paulo, architects and engineers who built at Belém left a legacy of unfinished concrete constructions, which unfortunately is being threatened by the lack of specific care, since many interventions are made in a random and misguided way. Therefore, the aim of this research is to study the unfinished concrete under the historical and technological aspects in order to develop a methodology for restoration of areas with gaps, considering aspects such as color, texture and strength, seeking a compatible material to the original concrete. The study was conducted in three different steps: 1) Historical Research, 2) Field Research; 3) Research Laboratory. The materials of this study correspond to samples collected in three buildings and laboratory samples. The physical characterization of the samples allowed to find the approximated trace of the old concrete of 1:3 and the strength of the material, which is approximately 22MPa. The chemical and mineralogical characterization indicated that the original material has been suffering process of mineralogical transformation evidenced by the presence of polymorphs of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) and allowed to understand that the aggregates used in the composition of the material may have quartz or gravel origin. It was also observed that the color and texture of the material varies depending on the type of cement and aggregate used in the production of concrete. From the identification of the principle features of the original materials was developed a methodology for producing a mortar for restoration with properties similar to the antique material. The results as color, texture, and strength were satisfactory, because the values established by rule were accomplished and were also compatible to the appearance of the original concrete, allowing restoring the image of the building and achieving the proposed objectives.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
O vidro e os vitrais de edificações históricas de Belém: patologias e conservação
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2013-09-05) PINTO, Amanda Monteiro Corrêa; SANJAD, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8950586647715771
The application of glass in Belém’s architecture, at first, was restricted to large buildings, in the late XIXth century, reaching its peak only in the next century, during the eclectic movement, as an import issue. However, face to the overexposure to the weather and improper substitutions, ancient glasses are gradually disappearing, almost being impossible to documentate it properly. In order to safeguard this material, the main objective of this research is to investigate technologically glasses and stained-glasses physico-chemical characteristics from buildings of Belém and its damages caused by weather conditions. Selected samples were characterized through optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (SEM/EDX), concomitantly with the execution of graphic in order to do damage diagnosis and to identify most frequent pathologies. Therewith it was possible to verify that samples present a moderated level of degradation as considerable deposits of soot and discoloration and that the biofilm which develops at the glass surface is responsible for its opacity, that fact origins moderate corrosion and stains. FRX data revealed that all samples as soda-lime glass with 70% of SiO2. Resulting data will be important to subsidize conservation and restoration practices on historical glasses and stained-glasses according to local weather conditions.

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