Navegando por Assunto "Amazon region"

Agora exibindo 1 - 14 de 14

Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A água de lastro e a necessidade de efetividade das normas de proteção da biodiversidade marinha no contexto amazônico
(Dom Helder Escola Superior, 2019-08) SILVA, Renã Margalho; MOREIRA, Eliane Cristina Pinto
Precedents demonstrate that ballast water can influence in the biological balance of native species, proliferate diseases and generate economic, sanitary and social impacts. In view of the projections for growth of port traffic in the Amazon region, the risk of environmental damage is aggravated, with the possible affectation of local traditional populations, who are at the mercy of the inefficiency in the control of ballast water in Brazilian ports. This article, by means of the deductive method, aims to analyze the rules that control ballast water management, indicating some flaws in the internal regulations, and the worsening of risk to biodiversity and local populations. All this based on accidents precedents and on the projection of growth in cargo handling at Port of Vila do Conde, what is directly related to the growth of vessels traffic and worsening of risk to environmental pollution. Therefore concludes that the inefficiency of regulation and the inefficacy of the control of the ballast water of ships aggravate the vulnerability of the Amazon Region and its inhabitants.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aplicação de redes neurais artificiais para predição de RSSI e SNR em ambiente de bosque amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-06-11) BARBOSA, Brenda Silvana de Souza; ARAÚJO, Jasmine Priscyla Leite de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4001747699670004; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3514-0401; BARROS, Fabrício José Brito; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9758585938727609
The presence of green areas in urbanized cities is crucial to reduce the negative impacts of urbanization. However, these areas can influence the signal quality of IoT devices that use wireless communication, such as LoRa technology. Vegetation attenuates electromagnetic waves, interfering with data transmission between IoT devices, resulting in the need for signal propagation modeling that considers the effect of vegetation on its propagation. In this context, this research was conducted at the Federal University of Pará, using measurements in a wooded environment composed of the Pau-Mulato species, typical of the Amazon. Two propagation models based on machine learning, GRNN and MLPNN, were developed to consider the effect of Amazonian trees on propagation, analyzing different factors such as the height of the transmitter relative to the trunk, the beginning of the foliage, and the middle of the tree canopy, as well as the LoRa spreading factor (SF) 12 and the copolarization of the transmitter and receiver antennas. The best models were the machine learning ones, GRNN and MLPNN, which demonstrated greater accuracy, achieving root mean square error (RMSE) values of 3.86 dB and 3.8614 dB, and standard deviation (SD) of 3.8558 dB and 3.8564 dB, respectively. On the other hand, compared to classical models in the literature, the best-performing model was the Floating Intercept (FI) model, with RMSE and SD errors around 7.74 dB and 7.77 dB, respectively, while the FITU-R model had the highest RMSE and SD errors, around 26.40 dB and 9.65 dB, respectively, for all heights and polarizations. Furthermore, the importance of this study lies in its potential to boost wireless communications in wooded environments, as it was observed that even at short distances at heights of 12 m and 18 m, the SNR (Signal-to-Noise Ratio) had lower values due to the influence of the foliage, but it was still possible to send and receive data. Finally, it was shown that vertical polarization achieved the best results for the Amazon forest environment.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Aproveitamento da biomassa flutuante do Rio Madeira para geração de energia elétrica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-05-24) BACELLAR, Atlas Augusto; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
The universal provision of electricity remains far from achieved in the Brazilian Amazon, given the geographical obstacles, the dispersion of its inhabitants, the indistinctness of appropriate technologies, and the economic obstacles. Governmental action was taken in 2003 with the creation of the Light for All Program (PLpT), with the goal of bringing electricity to all rural consumers by 2010. In addition, the National Electric Power Agency, ANEEL (Agência Nacional de Energia Elétrica), which is responsible in Brazil for the electrical sector regulation, has issued a determination of compulsory access to electricity by 2015. This study describes research conducted on the Madeira River, in the Brazilian Amazon, where the electric needs of the communities and small towns along the river can be satisfied through the gasification system, using as a renewable feedstock the wood-fuel biomass deposited on the riverbed, derived from natural processes, which the Ministry of Transport is already legally obligated to remove in order to provide safe navigation along the river. The first part of the study was dedicated to review Brazilian power system, Universal access to electricity in Brazil, renewable sources of energy in the Amazon region, technologies to produce electricity using biomass as source, Brazilian power sector subsidies, the Madeira River, its characteristics and economic importance and investment analysis tools. Next, quality and quantity information of the biomass collected from the river along the years was taken from AHIMOC, the Federal Organization responsible for the Madeira River navigability. Then a physical-chemical analysis was made at the UFAM’s laboratories, using biomass collected in a field trip. The biomass power potential and the technological power production routes using biomass were evaluated with these data after comparing the results with available literature. Subsequently information about householders and communities located at the Madeira River was obtained with the State Utility. Once the available biomass, the technology routes and the possible consumers were characterized, the study evaluated technology, economy, environment, social and legal aspects. The study results show the competitiveness of gasification comparing to diesel thermoelectric plants, along with its advantages in helping Brazilian universal electrification program, which implementation depends on public policies with the obligatory participation of the Ministry of Mines and Energy, Ministry of Transports and The Ministry of Environment, and also the attractiveness potential private capital participation which could contribute to reduce public investment. The results should help future studies in others areas with similar phenomena and the opportunity to use another types of local biomass in Gasifier systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Confiabilidade aplicada à análise da estabilidade de taludes: um estudo de caso de uma encosta fluvial no norte amazônico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-04-02) NASCIMENTO, Rafael Silva do; TEIXEIRA, Marcelo Rassy; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8912916360456192
Among the geotechnical structures, the river slopes stand out for the uncertainties in their properties. In addition, the use of coupled reliability methods in the analysis of slopes has grown, in contrast to deterministic methods that do not consider uncertainties. In this context, the present work presents the study of the reliability of a fluvial slope in the Amazon region that suffered a rupture. For this, three reliability methodologies were used (Monte Carlo, FOSM and PEM), using the limit equilibrium method and finite elements. The properties of the hillside soft clays were treated as random variables and the reliability indicators for each methodology were obtained. In addition, sensitivity analyzes of these parameters were carried out. The results of the slice models were compared to the numerical results. Finally, it was concluded that the uncertainties in the properties of soft soils were not sufficient to cause the rupture of the slope, therefore, another factor(s) must have triggered the rupture.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogia e geoquímica de perfis de solo com Terra Preta Arqueológica de Bom Jesus do Tocantins, sudeste da Amazônia
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2012) SILVA, Any Kelly Terra da; GUIMARÃES, José Tasso Felix; LEMOS, Vanda Porpino; COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; KERN, Dirse Clara
The comparison of morphological, mineralogical and chemical data of a soil with anthropic horizons - Archeological Black Earth (ABE) and surrounding Argissolos (Typic Kandiudox or Ultisols) allowed the identification of the main process acting on the ABE formation from the town of Bom Jesus do Tocantins, southeastern Pará State. The similarity between the data in the subsurface horizons of ABE and surrounding soils indicates that the former was likely developed from Argissolos with later pedogenetic transformation by the input of organic and inorganic materials from ancient human settlements, which resulted in thickness of the surface horizon and higher concentrations of CaO and P2O5 (total content), Zn (trace content), available P and Zn (available content), and exchangeable Ca and Mg (exchangeable content) compared to surrounding Argissolos. Furthermore, such anthropic disturbance also resulted in changes in the subsurface horizon of Argissolos with ABE, such as high concentrations of P2O5 and available P. The Soil Taxonomy and Brazilian System of Soil Classification (BSSC) are suitable to identify soils with ABE, as they prioritize at the highest categorical level the main pedogenetic process acting on soil development and formation, related to the subsurface horizons, and later pedogenetic transformations in the surface horizon. However, this study proposes the addition of diagnostic properties such as ceramic and lithic artifacts, P2O5 and available P and Zn, organic C, Ca2++ Mg2+ (exchangeable content), CEC and base saturation in the surface horizon to classify and discriminate several kinds of anthropic soils in the Amazon region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Mineralogical and geochemical influences on sediment color of Amazon wetlands analyzed by visible spectrophotometry
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-09) GUIMARÃES, José Tasso Felix; COHEN, Marcelo Cancela Lisboa; FRANÇA, Marlon Carlos; SILVA, Any Kelly Terra da; RODRIGUES, Suyanne Flavia Santos
Based on sedimentological and geochemical data, this work relates spectrophotometric measurements with sediment composition and its application in palaeoecological studies of Amazon wetlands. The CIELAB values are directly related to mineralogical and chemical composition, mostly involving quartz, iron oxyhydroxides and sulfides (e.g. pyrite), and total organic carbon. Total organic carbon contents between 0.4-1%, 1-2%, 3-5% and 15-40% were related to L* (lightness) data of 27, 26-15, 7-10 and 7 or less, respectively. The CIELAB values of a deposit in Marabá, Pará, were proportional to variations in quartz and total organic carbon contents, but changes in zones of similar color, mainly in the +a* (red) and +b* (yellow) values of deposits in Calçoene, Amapá and Soure, Pará, indicate a close relationship between total organic carbon content and iron oxyhydroxides and sulfides. Furthermore, the Q7/4 diagram (ratio between the % re?ectance value at 700 nm to that at 400 nm, coupled with L*) indicated iron-rich sediments in the bioturbated mud facies of the Amapá deposit, bioturbated mud and bioturbated sand facies of Soure deposit, and cross-laminated sand and massive sand facies of the Marabá core. Also, organic-rich sediments were found in the bioturbated mud facies of the Amapá deposit, lenticular heterolithic and bioturbated mud facies of the Soure deposit, and laminated mud and peat facies of the Marabá deposit. At the Marabá site, the data suggest an autochthonous influence with peat formation. The coastal wetland sites at Marajó and Amapá represent the development of a typical tidal flat setting with sulfide and iron oxyhydroxides formation during alternated ?ooding and drying.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
The mineralogy and chemistry of the German and Portuguese tiles used to face a historic building in the Amazon region and their natural susceptibility to tropical weathering
(Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, 2013-09) COSTA, Marcondes Lima da; SANJAD, Thais Alessandra Bastos Caminha; PAIVA, Rosildo Santos
During the 19th century, the most prominent buildings of the city of Belém were faced entirely with tiles manufactured in Portugal and Germany, which now exhibit distinct degrees of degradation. The Pinho mansion is one of the most important of these buildings and was selected for the investigation of the action of the tropical Amazonian climate on the degradation of the tiles. To achieve this objective, the tiles were mapped for organic and inorganic degradation, and samples were collected for analysis. The minerals were determined by XRD, the chemical composition by classical wet methods and SEM/EDS, and the microorganisms under the microscope. The results show that the German and Portuguese tiles are quite different in their composition. While both ceramic bodies are composed of SiO2 and Al2O3, CaO was found only in the Portuguese tile. The low Na2O and K2O contents indicate the addition of materials to reduce the fusion temperature. SiO2 and PbO are the main constituents of the glaze, with CoO and FeO being added as pigment. The ceramic body of the German tiles is constituted of quartz, mullite, and cristobalite, in contrast with the Portuguese tiles, which are made of quartz, gehlenite, diopside, calcite, and feldspars. The glazes are XRD-amorphous. The chemical and mineralogical differences between the German and Portuguese tiles indicate that they were produced from different raw materials under distinct thermal processes. The most prominent weathering-related modifications are the thin layers (German tiles), oxidation stains, dark stains, the detachment of the tile (Portuguese tiles), loss of the glaze and powdering of the ceramic body (Portuguese tiles) through the establishment of Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta.. The distinct degradation patterns of the tiles exposed to the tropical Amazon climate are a consequence of their distinct mineralogy and chemistry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Modelo de propagação para redes sem fio fixas na banda de 5,8 GHZ em cidades típicas da região amazônica
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2010-05-07) CASTRO, Bruno Souza Lyra; GOMES, Hermínio Simões; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0696136066497209; CAVALCANTE, Gervásio Protásio dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2265948982068382
The study of propagation loss in the Amazon region cities involves an environment characterized by tropical climate and suburban environments densely arborous. Based in the importance of ISM band 5.8 GHz, this work presents a propagation model for this frequency band, combining the characteristics of attenuation experienced by a radio wave when it propagates in typical environments found in Amazon region cities. For such purpose, measurements of the received power were carried out in 335 fixed customers distributed in 12 towns in northern Brazil, which are served by digital inclusion program in the state of Pará, Navega Pará. Measurements with mobility were also carried out on the Federal University of Pará (UFPA) area. Still, it is presented the performance of the proposed model over other models (SUI model and COST231-Hata), described in the literature, when in fixed and mobile networks. Performance metrics such as RMS error and standard deviation were applied taking as reference the measured data. Tuning procedure of the model parameters is performed by the method of linear least squares, applied in two steps to reduce uncertainty about the parameters set. The proposed model achieved an RMS error of 3.8 dB and standard deviation of 2.3 dB, surpassing all other models that had RMS errors above 10 dB and standard deviations over 5 dB. The results show its efficiency on other models to predict losses in the range of 5.8 GHz in stationary and mobile systems.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Na “pátria das sublevações”: descontentamento e revoltas da gente de guerra no Rio Negro (1754-1777)
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-04-26) SILVA, Leonardo Augusto Ramos; VIANA, Wania Alexandrino; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3899154572393491; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7106-3995; CHAMBOULEYRON, Rafael Ivan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7906172621582952; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1150-5912
The present dissertation turns to the study of the process of militarization of rio Negro, in São José do Rio Negro’s captaincy during the reign of D. José I (1751-1777). It is therefore about the problems within the factors and manifestations of discontentment from soldiers (and sometimes for others praças) that composed the paid troops detached into trimmings along the river Negro. From 1754, the process of militarization of this river got notoriously, face to the occupation, defense e demarcation of borders between the State of Grão-Pará e Maranhão (later called Grão-Pará e Rio Negro) and the vice reign of Nova Granada. As a result of this geopolitical context, keep and provide military corps in areas of trimmings became necessary, and by the same time, a challenge to Portuguese Crown, implying significantly into daily activities of paid troops; on the other way the soldiers manifested their unsatisfaction with the crises happening at the time by means of riots; the articulation between these two aspects from the process of militarization of river Negro is an attempt to comprehend the multiples intersections between and the colonial amazonic society. It’s necessary to say that along with desertions and lootings, the revolt from “people of war” became one of the principals and more recurrent manifestation of dissatisfaction from “people of war” in the garrison of captaincy of Rio Negro in the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão (later to be called Grão-Pará and Rio Negro) and from the metropole.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
"Nós Por Nós": uma ponte formativa entre a comunidade e a extensão universitária
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-08-13) MELO, Lilia Cristiane Barbosa de; ELIASQUEVICI, Marianne Kogut; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6655468164115415; MIRANDA, Fernanda Chocron; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3101500469419928; http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1774-6402
This master's thesis investigates the Coletivo Cine Clube TF (CCTF) in the urban Amazon, analyzing its practices and their influence on the formation of peripheral youth. Structured in a pyramid of five formative dimensions – affectivity, ancestry, corporeality, citizenship education and political education – the research reveals how the CCTF reframes narratives of overcoming, promoting a positive identity for peripheral young people. The analysis of letters from the National Extension Forum (Fórum Nacional de Extensão - FOREXT) from 2016 to 2022 highlights the importance of teaching, research and joint extension, strengthening links with vulnerable communities. Using a qualitative approach that included documentary analysis, observation and interviews, the study reveals that Cine TF's practices – based on affectivity, ancestry, body expression, citizenship and politics – significantly align with the recommendations from the Pro-Rectors Forum Extension of the Brazilian Public Universities (Fórum de Pró-Reitores de Extensão das Instituições Públicas de Educação Superior Brasileiras - FORPROEX). These CCTF practices demonstrate effectiveness in reframing peripheral narratives, promoting self-esteem and new relationships with territories. The interaction between universities and peripheral cultural collectives, such as the CCTF, is highlighted as an opportunity to strengthen university extension and benefit communities through art and culture. In summary, my research seeks to identify subsidies and configure training dimensions for university extension, allowing the innovative movement of peripheral youth protagonism based on the experiences of the Coletivo Cine Clube TF. The research results in an e-book with dynamic activities based on the collective's formative experiences. The partnership between the CCTF and universities is seen as a promising path towards mutual strengthening, emphasizing the importance of promoting collaboration between different actors in favor of the development and empowerment of young people through arts and culture, contributing to the promotion of youth protagonism peripheral and the enrichment of the outreach.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Otimização da detecção de formas de onda de campos eletromagnéticos emitidos por descargas atmosféricas
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2018-01-23) LEAL, Adônis Ferreira Raiol; RAKOV, Vladimir; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
This work aims the application of optimization techniques to detect and record lightning electromagnetic waveforms. As a result of the optimization techniques developed on this Thesis, it is presented the “Lightning Detection and Waveform Storage System - (LDWSS)”. The main optimized points were: cost of the device; improvements of its detection dynamic range; development of a mobile device; possibility to detect in a multi-band way; and calibration in order to infer peak currents from remote measurements of lightning electric fields. The developed system was validated through comparison of a return stroke data in lightning triggered using the rocket-and-wire technique at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing - ICLRT, of National Lightning Detection Network – NLDN data, and data from the Lightning Observatory in Gainesville - LOG. The main usage of the optimized system is on the investigation of lightning physics and effects, mainly in the Amazon region. As a result of using the system were obtained: a better understanding about Compact Intracloud Discharge - CID; the characteristics of ionosphere heights computed using intraclound and cloud-to-ground lightning electric field waveforms; the conception of a lightning electric field waveform database containing more than 8 thousand waveforms of different types of lightning; and the implementation of the first continuous lightning electric field measurement system in the amazon region, localized at CESIPAM, Belem, PA.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Planejamento para minimização de fatores de riscos relacionados a descargas elétricas em programas de habitação e urbanização no Estado do Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-27) MELO, Rezerneide Guimarães; ROCHA, Brigida Ramati Pereira da; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9943372249006341
The homeownership represents family security for many Brazilians. It is a durable and transferable, therefore is need to maximize safety for the prevention of accidents involving people or structure. Reduce the housing deficit is part of the mission of housing programs in Brazil. These are financed with public money, is also defined the electrical safety of the property. National statistics indicate that electrical accidents can lead to serious and irreversible situations. Faced the context, planning for minimization of risk factors related electrical discharges in residential units of housing and urban development programs in the State of Pará is justified. This work, are discussed the circumstances of electrical accidents in the Pará, in order to direct prevention measures and techniques of electrical safety recommendations for affordable housing. A sample was purposively selected, among the enterprises of housing provision of the PAC Phase 1 and PMCMV Track 1 located in the municipalities of Belém and Santa Isabel do Pará, for to be the object of study, by to represent the electrical needs of a large city and of the a municipality with less than seventy thousand inhabitants. The instrumentation of the questionnaire on "Risk Factors Electric" among beneficiaries of affordable housing, at least with one year of residence, between the months of October and December 2013. Allowed the discussion related the verification of residential electrical design and analysis of the circumstances of the occurrence of electrical accidents on Pará (retroactive period of ten years). Resulting in technical recommendations on residential electrical safety, for which we considered the literature review and the economic, social and environmental characteristics of the Amazon Region. During the technical analysis were not found serious non-conformities with NBR 5410:2004 and NBR 5419:2005, but it was evident the need to think of popular models of home, principally, electrical safety projects that consider the needs and socio-environmental characteristics of the Amazon Region.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
A preservação ancestral: a mobilização indígena pelo patrimônio arqueológico
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2023-08-31) ANDRADE, André Luis dos Santos; ARENZ, Karl Heinz; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0770998951374481
The objective of this thesis is to show how the contemporary struggle of indigenous peoples for archaeological heritage is directly related to the historical exclusion they experienced in the process of formation of Brazil. To do so, we started by analyzing the actions of the Apiaká, Munduruku and Kayabi ethnic groups, who between 2010 and 2019 claimed the right to possess twelve funeral urns belonging to their ancestors, which were removed from their sacred location due to the construction of the Teles hydroelectric plant. Pires and were kept at the Alta Floresta Museum (MT). Their dispute for the right to vote is within the scope of a broader struggle: the right to their way of preserving archaeological heritage. Thus, in different manifestos and interviews, indigenous people question how the preservation of cultural heritage in Brazil was and is thought of. Therefore, this study also investigates how, following the creation of SPHAN (Serviço do Patrimônio Histórico Artístico Nacional), in 1937, temporal and conceptual landmarks were established regarding the origin of preservation policy and cultural heritage. In the perspective proposed by the first director of SPHAN, Rodrigo Melo Franco de Andrade, the genuineness of Brazil would be in baroque art and colonial architecture, as they would be productions of a civilization with “technical superiority”. This understanding, however, was not a consensus among intellectuals who gave relevance to archaeological heritage. Within the scope of this underlying dispute around heritage hierarchies, historiographical silences were constructed, in relation to the importance of Museums, and social silences, in the exclusion of indigenous people in the process of formation of archaeological and ethnographic collections that materialized the national narrative. However, when analyzing the demands of indigenous peoples for the return of archaeological urns, we note that Museums or unofficial musealization initiatives, such as the Center for the Preservation of Indigenous Art and Science, which existed in Alter do Chão in the 1990s, Since the middle of the 20th century, they have been seeking new ways of acting within society, in which racist and ethnocentric practices lose space for new theoretical perspectives, such as decolonial and even indigenous perspectives. In these terms, indigenous peoples are keen to establish a distinction in relation to the cultural heritage of non-indigenous people: indigenous heritage maintains a living relationship with nature and ancestry.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Projeto de telefonia celular GSM baseada em open source e open hardware para comunidades rurais isoladas e carentes na região amazônica: estudo de caso em Itabocal – Irituia – Pará
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2014-08-25) LEITE, Jeferson Breno Negrão; MÜLLER, Francisco Carlos Bentes Frey; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4883158238383471; KLAUTAU JÚNIOR, Aldebaro Barreto da Rocha; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1596629769697284
This work aimed at conducting research of existing technologies for telephony and integrate them to design an innovative system and designed for the Amazonian reality. The work included evaluating the implementation of a GSM open source / open hardware zero cost to the public (free mobile) in rural communities in the Amazon, with a focus on underserved and isolated communities where there is typically no cell coverage of commercial operators system, due the lack of government stimulus and / or commercial interest of providing telephony to these poorer populations.